"Going to the toilet" is a "life event" that everyone faces almost every day. Go to the bathroom. More than 90% of the domestic family toilets use sitting toilets; and public toilets have also changed from squatting to dominating the world in these decades to the rapid rise of sitting and provoking half of the country.
When everyone is slowly getting used to sitting in the toilet, have you ever considered a question? Where did the toilet come from? When did you start using it?
Listen to me roughly...
The prototype of the modern toilet
In 1596, the English nobleman John Harrington invented the first practical toilet, a wooden seat with a water tank and flushing valve.
Initial improvement
In 1778, the British inventor Joseph Bramme improved the design of the flush toilet, using such as a three-ball valve that controls the flow of water in the tank, and a U-shaped elbow.
Leap forward
In the 19th century, the British government enacted laws that required every house to install a proper sewage treatment system, and toilets began to improve significantly.
Enter modernization
In 1861, Thomas Klepa, a British plumber, invented an advanced water-saving flushing system, and waste discharge began to enter a modern period.
Basic training
In 1885, Thomas Tuweifu obtained the first patent for an all-ceramic toilet in England, and dozens of patents for improvements have been granted every year since then.
At present, the ceramic toilet that seems to be commonplace can actually have the appearance of today, which is actually the result of hundreds of years of development.
The original toilet made of wood, hardness is not enough, but also easy to leak, seepage; later tried the material of stone and lead, with asphalt, pine resin and wax to seal the gaps, but this material surface holes, easy to breed bacteria, and very bulky; also tried to use glass, but the glass production process is complex, and easy to crack; with metal, long time soaking water, and easy to rust; plastic at that time was too expensive, hard enough... Finally, ceramics that required 2,000 degrees to be fired at the time were used.
Seeing this, we generally understand that the toilet toilet is an imported product. In recent decades, thousands of households in China have entered the chinese households, and ordinary Chinese people have also changed their thousands of years of squatting and toileting habits, and slowly adapted to sitting and going to the toilet. Although science believes that squatting is a more conducive angle to intestinal excretion, it has to be admitted that sitting is indeed more comfortable.
More than a hundred years before the Chinese was dominated by toilets, toilets have been popularized in many countries in Europe and the United States. Then, an incredible phenomenon that does not know whether it is directly related to it is discovered!
That is... Europeans and Americans will not "squat"!
"Squatting" is a common move in our Chinese, and Europeans and Americans actually don't! Really not! Test the facts! Therefore, the passage of the "Big Snow White Man" that Zhang Jieling said at the talk show conference is very likely to be real.
Later, I found out that foreigners really can't squat. When they squat, the heel will naturally, forming a situation where only two feet are on the ground. You think, two toes supporting a huge body like a giant loaf of bread, you can imagine the unstable state that has no wind and can shake vigorously... The scene is extremely... Hahahahahahaha
Interject a vaguely related little story.
Once upon a time, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty allowed foreigners not to kneel and pray. One of the reasons is that some court officials claim that Hongmaofan's knees are born with problems and cannot be bent, but in fact, they are just excuses for not wanting to kneel.
There are even rumors that Lin Zexu, the "first person to open his eyes and see the world" in China's modern history, also believes that foreigners' knees cannot be bent. But what are the facts?
In September 1839, Lin Zexu, then the "Governor of Huguang" (Guanzhi Yipin, one of the nine most senior feudal ministers of the Qing Dynasty), went to Guangzhou as a "Minister of Chincha" (exercising supervision power on behalf of the emperor and was only responsible for the emperor without other constraints) to preside over the smoking ban, and destroyed nearly 20,000 boxes of opium seized from British opium dealers at Humen, resulting in a tense sino-British situation. Lin Zexu and Deng Tingzhen (a close colleague of Lin Zexu, then the governor of Liangguang, another anti-smoking national hero) in order to comfort the Daoguang Emperor, wrote in a piece of paper: "In addition to guns and cannons, the pace of stabbing is not skillful, and the legs and feet are wrapped, the end is tight, the bending and extension are inconvenient, if they are even more powerless on the shore, it is strong and uncontrollable." ”
In June 1840, the First Opium War broke out. After the British attack on Guangzhou was blocked, they captured Dinghai on July 5 of that year. At this time, Lin Zexu once again wrote a note to the Daoguang Emperor, saying: "Once you reach the shore, you should have no other skills, and his body is wrapped, his waist and legs are stiff, and a servant cannot be revived, and not a single soldier can hand blade several Yi, that is, the civilians in the village well, and they are enough to control their death." ”
In the two folds, Lin Zexu's meaning is actually that foreigners are wrapped around, resulting in stiff waists and legs, walking difficulties, once they are knocked down, it is not easy to get up, which has a great impact on close combat. There was an element of comforting the emperor, but it also told the truth, that is, Lin Zexu did not think that the foreign devils could not bend their knees.
Therefore, it is false that foreigners can't bend their knees, but it is true that they will not "squat".
Foreigners have actually always called this action "Asian squat" or "Chinese squat".
There are even good people who have summed up the tutorial specifically to teach this action... It's a Chinese kung fu-like existence.~
However, in fact, women with the help of an artifact is not really impossible...
You think it's "racially" decided? The Russian laughed silently and slowly, squatting down in an extremely standard posture...
Therefore, this pot is still let the toilet be carried!
In other words, the toilet in the European castle, usually a protruding small house, is generally built on the inner side of the outermost wall of the castle, which looks like a protruding part from the outside, and then has a long pipe, so that the filth of the toilet will fall down the pipe outside the city or in the moat (don't make up the picture... ）。
Such a design structure will actually pose a certain threat to the safety of the toilet users themselves, because there is a profession called "assassin", that is, the person who stabs the target in a surprise way. Do you know how to say this word in English? Special image "assassin"... ass means "ass" in English, and in is "inside". At this point, you can make up for the scene of an assassin with a spear in his hand and stabbing it directly down the toilet pipe... ass ass in=assassin, "plunge into the ass" – Assassin...
Got it? Hahaha ~ change is not far from its origin, it turns out that this article is speaking English again~
Thanks for reading, code words are not easy, welcome to pay attention, leave a message ~
Note: The above pictures are partly from the Internet, invaded and deleted.