Yu Yunwen (1110–1174), courtesy name Binfu( pinyin: 1110–1174), was a chinese poet. A native of Renshou County, Longzhou (present-day Renshou County, Meishan, Sichuan). In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, a famous minister, a hero of the Anti-Jin Dynasty, worshiped the general as a scholar, held the sky with one hand, and continued the life of the Southern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, and was called by Chairman Mao: "Great Andy Yu Gong, a man throughout the ages."
Early resume
In the fourth year of Emperor Huizong of Song (1110 AD), Yu Yunwen was born in Renshou County, Longzhou, and his ancestor was Yu Shinan, a famous minister of the Early Tang Dynasty, who was the seventh grandson of Yu Shinan.
Yu Yunwen, who was able to write articles at the age of seven, entered the official field for the sake of his father's officialdom, and after his mother's death, he was very sad; considering that his father was not in good health, he was alone and left to take care of his father for 7 years, until his father died, he did not go to the examination for meritorious name.
In the twenty-fourth year of Emperor Gaozong of Song (Zhao Zhao) Shaoxing (1154 AD), Yu Yunwen, who participated in the imperial examination, was a jinshi, and had bad luck, and met Qin Ju as the prime minister, and the scribes in Shudi were not valued by the imperial court.
In the twenty-fifth year of Shaoxing (1155 AD), Qin Ju completed his sinful life; Emperor Gaozong of Song, reusing the Shudi literati, Yu Yunwen, was highly recommended, and after a question and answer by the monarch, he was awarded the title of secretary by the emperor and a rebbe lang official.
Experience the Two Song Dynasties
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, "Chen Qiao mutinied the yellow robe and added body", the world knows the political correctness of the two Song Dynasties: heavy literature and light martial arts, as for why this is so, I don't know, the author has a detailed statement in Di Qing's article, interested in seeing.
It is undeniable that treating the soldiers kindly and suppressing the warriors must have played a role in stabilizing the national situation in the early social environment of the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was also good for economic development, but the problems brought about were very obvious: redundant soldiers, redundant officials, and redundant expenses.
Emperor Huizong of Song, who reigned for 25 years, was a political mess, and a large number of civil engineering, profligate, the prime minister was Cai Jing, this goods vying for power and profit, controlling the government, so that the national class contradictions were stimulated, Song Jiang and Fang La, these two revolted at the same time; at the same time, in the north, the Jurchens rose and established the Jin Kingdom.
In 1120 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty united with the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao together and signed the "Alliance on the Sea".
At that time, the famous general Meng Jue led the army to kill the Liao State, and those who are interested can go to see the author's Meng Jue chapter, which will not be described in detail here.
Unexpectedly, the Northern Song Dynasty turned around and turned its face, and the backhand hit the Jin State, the war failed, this matter is not over, the Jin Monarch, from which he saw the political and military weaknesses of the Northern Song Dynasty, actively prepared for the southern invasion, and wanted to destroy the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125 AD), the Jin Tai sect sent people to attack the Northern Song Dynasty in two ways; Emperor Huizong of Song, raising his leg, ran away and passed the throne to Emperor Qinzong.
In the first year of Jing Kang (1126 AD), Emperor Qinzong of Song, with the help of Li Gang and others, thwarted the first attack of the Jin people, and in the autumn of the same year, the Jin people once again went south, all the way to the fall of Kaifeng.
In the second year of Jing Kang (1127 AD), the Jin people abducted Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song, and northern Song, and perished in history.
In May of the same year, the 9th elder of the Song Huizong family, Zhao Zhuo, took the throne in Yingtianfu and re-established the regime, known in history as the Southern Song Dynasty.
Emperor Gaozong of Song's strategy toward the Jin people was: compromise and peace, and in the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141 AD), the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" was signed, and for the next 20 years, the two countries were at peace.
In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161 AD), the Jin lord completed Yan Liang and led an army to invade the south, and the two sides fought a major battle at quarrying, and Yan Liang was defeated.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162 AD), Emperor Gaozong of Song abdicated, and Emperor Xiaozong of Song ascended the throne, Yu Yunwen, who was in the time period at the turn of the two Song Dynasties, witnessed the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty and the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Quarrying triumphs
After the "Shaoxing Peace Conference", Emperor Gaozong of Song lost his vigilance and turned to covet pleasure, and the prime minister Qin Ju monopolized power, excluding dissidents and military ruin.
In the nineteenth year of Shaoxing (1149 AD), a coup d'état occurred in the Jin Dynasty, and Yan Liang established himself as emperor, known in history as the "King of Hailing".
In the thirtieth year of Shaoxing (1160 AD), the prime minister at that time was Tang Sihui, who took the compromise route and "did not ask questions", but yan Liang's attempt to invade the south had been exposed.
Yu Yunwen wrote to the emperor: "The Jin people will definitely defeat the alliance, and the five roads will send troops, hoping to order the heavy ministers to discuss the strategy of preparing the imperial palace." ”
Yu Yunwen said to the emperor: "Since ancient times, the power of the emperor has either fallen into the hands of traitors or in the hands of his relatives and cronies. ”
Emperor Gaozong of Song realized the seriousness of the matter and forbade such things.
In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161 AD), the Jin lord completed Yan Liang and led the main force of the Jin army in an attempt to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop.
In October of the same year, Yu Yunwen was sent to quarry, originally to treat the sergeants, but after seeing that morale was low, he personally supervised the division and encouraged the frontline soldiers:
"If a thief crosses the river, where will Er wait to flee?" Now that the great river is controlled by our army, if we rely on the natural danger of the Yangtze River, why can't we survive in death? Besides, the imperial court has been raising soldiers for thirty years, so why can't you share the worries of the country and fight against the enemy to serve the country?"
At the same time, the armies that were not under the command of all parts of the Yangtze River were gathered together, borrowed troops from Li Xianzhong, borrowed warships, and went to Jingkou and Liu Kuihui and Resist Jin.
The two sides fought a quarry war, Yu Yunwen knew that his side of the troops was inferior to the Jin people, using the terrain to use fire attack, with 18,000 Song soldiers defeated the main force of the Jin people, and achieved the famous "quarrying victory".
After the war, Liu Kun, a veteran general of the Anti-Jin Dynasty, shook his hand and said: "The imperial court raised troops for a thousand days, and even made the scholars make meritorious contributions!"
This military defeat made Yan Liang rush to make a quick profit, saying to the crowd: Within three days, he will cross the Yangtze River, otherwise he will kill all the generals.
This move led to the intensification of internal contradictions in the Jin army, and taking advantage of the absence of Yan Liang's relatives, he launched a coup d'état to kill Yan Liang, and then the Jin people returned to the north.
The Battle of Quarrying is one of the famous classic examples of victory over more with less in Chinese history. Although the battle of quarrying was bragged about by the literati doctors, how it was, compared with the famous battles in history, we will look at it pertinently:
The battle of quarrying, the lack of strong and united command, the lack of a well-trained army, and there is no pre-war preparation, especially room for maneuver, but also a roundabout, once defeated, the Southern Song Dynasty will stop cooking; can only say that Yan Liang himself died, this goods is not a good bird, the Jin people have long wanted to kill him, the author another day to find his information, write a piece out.
Pass through The Shu River
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162 AD), Yu Yunwen, who had a high reputation in the government and the opposition, appointed him as an envoy of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and he analyzed to Emperor Gaozong that this was a good time to recover.
In the same year, Emperor Gaozong of Song gave the throne to Emperor Xiaozong of Song.
The conservatives of the imperial court believed that yu Yunwen had given up Shaanxi as much as possible, and had written to the court more than a dozen times to state the interests and interests, and tried to oppose the cession of the land, and Song Xiaozong also wanted to see him, but the imperial court ministers were jealous of him, and the matter had to be abandoned.
In the first year of Longxing (1163 AD), Song Xiaozong finally saw him, Yu Yunwen, circled song xiaozong, described in detail the harm of abandonment, and strongly recommended that Song Xiaozong absolutely not give up: Tang (present-day Tanghe, Henan), Deng (present-day Dengzhoudong, Henan), Hai (present-day Lianyungang, Jiangsu), and Si (present-day Xuyi North, Jiangsu) four prefectures.
In the imperial court, the lord and the faction looked up, and the prime minister was Tang Sihui, falsely accusing him of saying: "Misleading the country with big words, in order to invite a good name."
From the third year of Qiandao (1167 AD) to the fifth year (1169 AD), from the eighth year to the first year of Chunxi, he twice entered Shu to rectify the military and government.
In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169 AD), when Yu Yunwen left Shudi, nearly 800,000 grain was accumulated on both sides, and the money in the inventory of Xuanfu Division was greatly improved than before.
Sand pickers
Song Xiaozong and Yu Yunwen jointly formulated a plan for the Northern Expedition:
The first step is to move the Ma army to health and prepare for future troops;
In the second step, Yu Yunwen went to Sichuan to rectify the military affairs;
In the third step, Yu Yunwen led the army from Sichuan to take the initiative to attract the main force of the Jin army, while Emperor Xiaozong personally marched and led the Ma army and other troops who had moved to Jiankang Province to the north, and the two armies met in the Central Plains to drive the Jin army out of their homeland.
Yu Yunwen, when he was still in the Privy Council, dealt with the redundant personnel in the army, and he appeased the dismissed soldiers; at that time, there were about 20,000 people from the occupied areas of the north in Jin, Yang, and Xingyuan, who blocked the road to tell what happened in the north, Yu Yunwen, assigned them official land, so that people could settle down and production resumed.
Yu Yunwen, after entering Sichuan, has been actively preparing for war and actively eliminating redundant troops, but he just does not say what plans there are, Song Xiaozong, who is quite dissatisfied with this.
Summary of specific measures:
1. Verify the pawns of each unit, according to the combat effectiveness of 3 levels, the best responsible for combat, the remaining 2 levels are responsible for transporting heavy materials, the old and weak are eliminated, if it is said that the eliminated people, have military merit, they are awarded idle official positions;
2. Order Chao Gongwu to re-verify that the rebels in Xingxing and Yang provinces have harvested more than 23,900 people in total;
3. Obtained the training outline of Shaanxi archers, referred to some materials of the imperial court, reorganized them into military books, and distributed them to the public;
Dominate the world
In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169 AD), Yu Yunwen was recalled to the Lin'an court and promoted to the position of prime minister.
Yu Yunwen vigorously promoted virtuous men, such as Hong Shi, Wang Yingchen, Yang Wanli, Hu Quan, Zhou Bida, Wang Shipeng, Zhao Ruyu, Chao Gongwu, Li Tao, and others.
When it was, Song Xiaozong, worried that "military redundancy" would lead to the problem of "financial deprivation", Yu Yunwen and Chen Junqing discussed the abolition of miscellaneous servants and those who had false military status in the Three Servants, and the people who were dismissed had no complaints.
"Longxing Peace Agreement", which contains some regulations: "Where the envoy of gold arrives, he holds the book and ascends to the temple, kneels in front of the north bed, and the emperor descends to receive the book in order to grant the internal servant", Song Xiaozong, who felt that this was a great shame and great humiliation.
Yu Yunwen suggested that Emperor Xiaozong of Song send emissaries to the Kingdom of Jin, change this, and claim territory in Henan, but was opposed by Chen Junqing, the left minister, and Song Xiaozong, enraged, deposed Chen Junqing.
In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170 AD), Yu Yunwen sent Fan Chengda as an emissary to negotiate with the Jin people, and Fan Chengda faced Jin Shizong and Jin Guoqun's courtiers, and his righteousness was awe-inspiring, and he argued according to reason, although the matter was not accomplished, but it made the Jin monarch look at him with astonishment and preserve his integrity.
In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171 AD), the imperial court officials made new regulations: no scholars and people were allowed to petition, Yu Yunwen, who strongly opposed this, and finally these regulations were abandoned.
In the eighth year of the gandao (1172 AD), Yu Yunwen was awarded the title of Zuo Cheng Xiang (左丞相).
In the ninth year of the main road (1173 AD), Yu Yunwen re-entered Sichuan.
The work is not finished
Yu Yunwen, when he entered Sichuan in 1173 AD, there was Song Xiaozong, who had made a pact: the shame of Bing Wu (that is, the shame of Jiankang) should be shared with the saint.
When Yu Yunwen was serving in Chengdu, he learned that the monthly salary of the Song army was not enough to support his family, so he issued additional subsidies according to the population of the soldiers' families; "played the role of selecting good family sons" to actively prepare for future wars.
In the first year of Chunxi (1174 AD), Yu Yunwen, at the age of 64, worked hard day and night to fulfill his agreement with Emperor Xiaozong of Song, traveled east and west, and finally died of overwork.
Song Xiaozong, when Yu Yunwen died, quit the dynasty for him, but refused to give him a nickname for a long time, that is, he was angry that his plan only went to the second step, and did not tell him anything about the result.
In the fourth year of Chunxi (1177 AD), Song Xiaozong, who was on parade in Baishi, and Zhao Xiong, the chancellor, said to Xiaozong: These armies were all trained by Yu Yunwentao, and they were all young and strong people.
Song Xiaozong sighed: Yu Yunwen's method of cutting and eliminating the law before has only now achieved results. Posthumously awarded taifu, courtesy name: "Zhongsu".
In the first year of the Qingyuan Dynasty (1195 AD), Emperor Ningzong of Song posthumously gave Yu Yunwen the title of Taishi (太師).
In the court of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, the vast majority of people had already accepted the status quo of fate in a corner of the security, did not want to work hard, did not dare to think about the Northern Expedition, did not dare to think, and the imperial court had only one voice, that is, to negotiate peace; after Yu Yunwen's death, the prime minister was Wang Huai, and he actively managed money to prepare for war.
There are too many pig teammates in the imperial court who oppose the war, since the ancient soldiers are a big thing, the light emperor and the prime minister have the motivation, how to turn the tables against the wind?
Song Xiaozong, in the history of the two Song Dynasties, was the most determined emperor of the Northern Expedition, with the ambition to expand the territory and regain the lost land; in the early days of the Southern Song Dynasty, famous generals, some, for example, the famous minister Han Nongxin, the famous general had the "four generals of Zhongxing", these were able to fight at the beginning, the traitors were not yet their turn to play, and finally?
The ending is what Xin Abandoned Disease wrote: "Yuan Jia grass grass, seal the wolf Juxu, win the canghuang Beigu."
Yu Yunwen, his death hit Song Xiaozong beyond everyone's imagination, not only sichuan's military plan failed, but also made Song Xiaozong lose the most powerful support from the Southern Song Court.
Yu Yunwen, a general who went in and out of Xiang Neng Wen Nengwu, quarried the Battle of Shiji, saved the Southern Song Dynasty regime, and bowed down for the Northern Expedition; as soon as he died, Song Xiaozong became increasingly depressed and no longer thought about the Northern Expedition, and the Southern Song Dynasty was really just a corner of peace:
Outside the mountain Qingshan Building, the West Lake song and dance for a few hours.
The warm wind smoked tourists drunk, straight to Hangzhou as a beizhou.