After stepping out of the earth, human beings have seen the vast universe and also know the smallness of the earth. As scientists continue to explore the universe, they gradually discover that the earth cannot always be their home, even if humans can protect the ecological environment of the earth very well, but the evolution of the sun will eventually completely swallow the earth.
In fact, according to scientists' speculations, the Earth was swallowed up by the Sun in less than 5 billion years, entering the expansion period of the red giant, and the Earth is likely to face the threat of the Sun at an earlier time, turning the Earth into a purgatory planet, unsuitable for human survival. Why?
According to scientists, in a billion years, the sun's energy radiation will increase significantly, which is mainly related to its internal nuclear fusion reactions. When the solar radiation energy increases greatly, the Earth's temperature also rises sharply, becoming a world of flames. At this time, the earth will no longer be suitable for life, let alone for human beings to survive.
If the earth is no longer suitable for human existence, our only way out is to move to another planet. Perhaps for many people, a billion years is still incomparably long, as long as human technology continues to develop, I believe that we are already a powerful interstellar civilization at the moment, there is no sadness at all.
Indeed, in theory, a billion years of scientific and technological development time is enough to make the scientific and technological power of human beings reach amazing heights. But will the earth bring such a long time to human development? I think it's very difficult, because although the temperature of the sun will not rise significantly until a billion years later, there is a chance that the earth's own ecological environment may not be able to sustain it until then.
I believe that many friends know that the rapid development of industry has brought infinite well-being to mankind and made people's quality of life higher and higher. However, industry has also brought about an increasingly serious ecological deterioration, and now the climate environment is deteriorating year by year, and the ecological environment before the industry has obviously undergone tremendous changes compared with the current climate environment.
If the trend of industrial pollution in the future does not change radically, then perhaps in a few hundred years, the earth will no longer be suitable for human existence and will continue to deteriorate according to the current trend. Horkin also once said: The earth may only leave hundreds of years for mankind, and such a great modern scientist is also not optimistic about the future of the earth, and even warns mankind many times to leave the earth as soon as possible, or even come out of the solar system.
If the Earth had only left a few hundred years for humanity, the new home we had chosen would have been essentially found in the solar system. In the solar system, there is no second naturally habitable planet, only one Earth-like planet similar to Earth, and that is Mars.
As Earth's neighbors, the same planet, and Earth have a lot of similarities, through billions of years of exploration on Mars, we have found water resources on Mars, found organic matter and so on. Judging from the traces of the ancient riverbed of Mars that have been basically discovered so far, we have reason to believe that Mars a long time ago may also be a beautiful ecological planet, and even life exists.
Because of its good basic conditions, Mars is also regarded by scientists as a second home for human beings, but in order to survive on this planet, we need to carry out a series of modifications to it. After a gradual transformation, it is expected to become a habitable planet.
In order to transform Mars, the early stage must not be pitiful, and a preliminary survival base must be established on Mars to send a part of the Earth to Mars to survive. So, when will humans be able to achieve Martian colonization and establish a base on Mars?
U.S. space company Space has been working on space exploration and, more importantly, developing a large starship expected to enter service in August 2021. It is speculated that the starship could hold 100 people and send 100 Earthlings to Mars.
Meanwhile, SpaceX CEO Musk said in an interview that both the expansion of the sun and the continued destruction of the earth by humans tell us that if human civilization wants to continue for a long time, the development of outer planets is inevitable. If the asteroid impact had occurred on Earth 65 million years ago, and we had put our eggs in a blue basket, humans could have truly suffered their fate like dinosaurs.
From Earth to Mars, Mask said, we must forge a path to building a Martian civilization and plan to send 1 million people to Mars by 2050. Musk is very crazy about the desire and exploration of Martian colonization, and we have seen his outstanding contributions to the realization of human Mars colonization in recent years.
So, in order to achieve the purpose of Martian colonization, can humans do it? If you want to send 1 million people to Mars by 2050, that means launching at least 3 starships a day, is it possible? From the perspective of science and technology, as long as the scientific and technological power of human beings develops to a certain extent, this person's goal is not difficult to achieve, but it is probably very difficult to achieve this goal by 2050.
In order to migrate to Mars on a large scale, we first need to carry out a series of modifications to Mars so that it can initially adapt to human survival. In the current Martian environment, we can only wear spacesuits for activities, and once out of spacesuits, we will die in tens of seconds. That's because the main component of the Martian atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which has a very low oxygen content, and the cosmic radiation on the surface of Mars is also very strong.
Before the surface environment of Mars has undergone major changes, do not expect a large number of people to move to Mars, but to carry out a preliminary habitability transformation of Mars, which is not something that can be done in just a few decades, in about 30 years, we can establish a preliminary closed earth ecological base on Mars, which is already very good.
In addition to the difficulties of changing the Martian environment, we also need to build a spacecraft that can carry out interstellar navigation, which not only needs to completely eliminate radiation from space, but also needs to have a certain degree of artificial gravity environment, otherwise in the half-year-long interstellar voyage, cosmic radiation and microgravity environment may cause great harm to the human body.
Therefore, it can be seen that even for planets close to Mars, migration is not smooth, and there are many factors to consider. All of these factors will be difficult to address until 2050. Even if in the future, human beings successfully transform Mars into Mars, and a large number of people move to Mars, then Mars will no longer be the ideal new home of human beings, it will be more like a springboard, becoming a transit station for human beings to move outside the solar system.
Some Martian substrates are very different from Earth's, such as its mass is much smaller than Earth's, and its gravity is only 1/8 of Earth's. Because Mars has a smaller mass, its core is extinguished early on without a strong magnetic field. And the magnetic field is very important for the survival of human beings, without a magnetic field, a large amount of solar radiation and cosmic radiation will directly reach the surface, bringing great harm to human beings.
Therefore, even if the environmental transformation of Mars is successful, the disadvantage of nature is doomed to fail to become a second home for human satisfaction. In order to find a more habitable planet, we still need to leave the solar system and explore other galaxies, only natural ecological planets are the ideal home for human beings.