About Liu Hulan, there is her story in the primary school textbook.
The phrase "Greatness of life and glory of death" written by Chairman Mao for Liu Hulan has been imprinted in our minds since childhood.
When we read the text, we already knew that Liu Hulan was brutally killed with a knife by the Kuomintang reactionaries because he betrayed him as a traitor.
But there is a doubt here that the text only says in general terms that they were betrayed by traitors and then killed by the enemy, but they are not specific to individuals.
so
Who was the direct murderer of Liu Hulan?
Who is the traitor mentioned in the text?
What happened to the direct and indirect murderers who killed Liu Hulan?
Also, why did Yan Xishan's troops besiege YunzhouXi Village, where Liu Hulan was located?
This article allows us to follow the traces of history, with this series of questions, and re-explore the details of that period of history.
First, let's introduce Liu Hulan
Liu Hulan, a native of Shanxi, was born on October 8, 1932 in Yunzhouxi Village, Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, to a poor family.
At the age of 10, he joined the children's regiment and often stood guard for the Eighth Route Army to send information.
At the age of 13, Liu Hulan, as a female militiaman, bravely stepped onto the front line, not afraid of hardship and sacrifice, helping the wounded to bandage the wounds and help the soldiers transport ammunition on the battlefield.
In 1946, at the age of 14, Liu Hulan was approved to join the Communist Party of China and became a preparatory member of the Communist Party of China.
Why did Yan Xishan's troops besiege YunzhouXi Village?
In the autumn of 1946, when the Kuomintang army marched into the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the Wenshui County Party Committee decided to transfer most of the cadres, leaving a small number of armed workers to persist in the struggle.
Liu Hulan, who had already received the transfer notice, took the initiative to ask to stay and continue to fight the enemy.
At that time, in yunzhouxi village, which was already part of the enemy-occupied area, the kuomintang troops of Yan Xishan and his lackeys were very arrogant, and they often wantonly smashed and killed communists and the masses in the village.
One day in December 1946, under the cover of Liu Hulan's sentry, the local armed workers executed the pseudo-village chief of Yunzhouxi Village, who was working for the Kuomintang Yan Xishan troops, and eliminated the masses.
However, this matter was soon learned by Yan Xishan's army, who decided to carry out retaliation and find the murderer in Yunzhou West Village.
On January 12, 1947, the 1st Battalion of the 215th Regiment of the 72nd Division of Yan Xishan's Department gathered a revenge team and suddenly attacked the village of YunzhouXi.
The bandit army blocked all the intersections of YunzhouXi Village, forcibly concentrating the villagers in front of the Guanyin Temple at the entrance of the village.
Because the traitors informed in advance, 7 people were arrested on the spot, including Liu Hulan, who was only 15 years old.
The bandit army wanted to know from these people who the murderer was, but these 7 people were awe-inspiring, and even though the enemy threatened and seduced, they used various methods and never opened their mouths.
The angry bandits killed all 6 people except Liu Hulan with a knife and used this to scare Liu Hulan, saying that if they did not say it, they would end up like them.
At this time, the bandits also ordered the bandits to point all their machine guns at the masses, threatening to kill all the people in the village.
At this time, in order to protect the masses, Liu Hulan shouted loudly to the bandit army:
"Don't harm the people!"
After saying that, she walked into the blood-stained gate knife, calmly lay on the knife seat, and heroically sacrificed, at this time Liu Hulan was not yet 15 years old.
Who are the traitors?
The traitor who betrayed Liu Hulan was Shi Wuze, who was in the same village as Liu Hulan. Shi Wuze was originally the secretary of the village peasant association, and in the past he was criticized by Liu Hulan for shielding the widow of the landlord Duan Er. Later, the district party committee, as a purity organization, revoked its post and expelled it from the party.
Therefore, Shi Wuze held a grudge against Liu Hulan and other Communists.
Later, Shi Wuze was arrested along with Liu Hulan, and during shi Wuze's interrogation, he betrayed Liu Hulan and others.
When Liu Hulan and the others were brutally killed by the enemy, Shi Wuze returned home safely.
At that time, when our public security organs were investigating the murder of Liu Hulan and others, Shi Wuze aroused the suspicion of our public security organs and many people.
In October 1947, our public security organs arrested him. However, because of his refusal to admit to betraying Liu Hulan, coupled with the frequent wars at that time, there was no time for a thorough investigation of him and no evidence sufficient to prove his guilt, so he was temporarily released on December 23, 1947.
Until the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were still all kinds of doubts about Liu Hulan's sacrifice, and Liu Hulan's family and cadres and masses have always reported the situation to the public security organs.
At the end of 1958, the case was finally clarified, and Shi Wuze was finally arrested and brought to justice.
However, in court, Shi Wuze was still denying it, and he never admitted that he had betrayed Liu Hulan and others, but the evidence was already very conclusive, and Shi Wuze had to confess.
On February 14, 1963, Shi Wuze was executed.
What is the final outcome of the direct and indirect murderers who killed Liu Hulan?
Less than a month after Liu Hulan's death, on February 2, 1947, Wenshui County was liberated by our army.
Subsequently, the arrest of the culprits involved in the Liu Hulan massacre was also initiated, and this work continued until after the founding of the People's Republic of China, during which all the personnel involved in the Liu Hulan massacre were arrested, including:
One of the murderers of the tragedy, Lu Defang
He was killed by the People's Liberation Army in the battle to liberate Wenshui County.
One of the masterminds of the tragedy, Lu Shanqing
He was captured during the liberation of Wenshui County and executed after examination.
One of the masterminds of the tragedy, Feng Xiaoyi
, Battalion Commander of the 1st Battalion of the 215th Regiment. He was killed by the People's Liberation Army in the Battle of Jinzhong in June 1948.
One of the masterminds of the massacre, Meng Yong'an
, was captured during the liberation of Wenshui County.
He personally killed Liu Hulan, the commander of the first battalion and the second company of the 215th regiment of the 72nd Division of the Yan Xishan Division of the former Kuomintang army, with a knife
Xu Desheng
In 1951, during the suppression of the counter-revolutionary movement, he was arrested after mass reporting and was shot on April 4 of that year.
On May 8, 1951, another murderer of Liu Hulan was the instructor of the 2nd Company of the 215th Regiment of the 72nd Division of the Former Kuomintang Army Yan Xishan
Zhang Quanbao
Arrested by the Yuncheng County Public Security Bureau.
On June 24, 1951, at the site of the Massacre in Yunzhouxi Village, a public trial of Zhang Quanbao and others was held in Wenshui County, attended by more than 24,000 people from all walks of life, and Zhang Quanbao and others were executed.
In August 1954, another major culprit in the killing of Liu Hulan
Zhu Yongsheng
After being caught, the main culprits who caused the Liu Hulan massacre were all captured.
And it is worth mentioning here that it is found that the murderer Zhu Yongsheng is somewhat dramatic or completely accidental.
Originally, in August 1954, the opera "Liu Hulan" was performed in Chimei District, Neixiang County, Henan Province, and the audience was all moved.
And when the scene of Liu Hulan, the bearded company commander, suddenly a person watching the play whispered:
"Hmm, it's not like acting at all."
Unexpectedly, this sentence was heard by an old worker behind him, and the person who watched the play quickly attracted the attention of the old worker.
After the scene, the old worker quietly followed the theater watcher, followed him all the way to his door, and wrote down his address, after which he immediately reported it to the district public security commissioner.
The district public security commissioner thought that the matter was important, and immediately launched an investigation, after which this person was one of the murderers of Liu Hulan, named Zhu Yongsheng.
Zhu Yongsheng was originally from Neixiang County, Henan Province, and when he killed Liu Hulan that year, it was he who, as the battalion commander, gave the company commander Xu Desheng the order to kill Liu Hulan with a knife.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yongsheng sneaked back to his hometown and became a private teacher until he was arrested.
In the winter of 1954, Zhu Yongsheng was sentenced to death.
How did Chairman Mao know about Liu Hulan's deeds?
Speaking of Liu Hulan's deeds have been widely circulated, the most important person among them is Zhang Zhongshi.
Zhang Zhongshi was then the deputy head of the Yan'an Condolence Mission, and from February 4 to 18, 1947, when the regiment was comforting the combat troops on the Lüliang Front, it heard Liu Hulan's deeds in Wenshui County.
Zhang Zhongshi was very touched after hearing Liu Hulan's deeds, and he thought:
Liu Hulan is the youngest of the known female martyrs of the Chinese Communist Party. With her feelings for the people and her firm belief in communist ideals, she was not greedy for money, and in the face of the enemy's temptations, she replied firmly: "Give me a golden man and do not confess." In front of the side knife, he shouted: "Afraid of death is not the Communist Party!" This manifestation of hers lies first and foremost in the fact that she has been educated by the Party since the Children's League and has seen that the Party-led land reform has brought fundamental benefits to the poor peasants. Her performance is precisely the result of the revolutionary education of the Communist Party penetrating deep into the hearts of millions of peasants. Therefore, we should vigorously publicize the typical example of Liu Hulan's heroic righteousness as a teaching material for educating party members.
Soon, Zhang Zhongshi, who returned to Yan'an, reported the matter to Ren Bishi. At the same time, he suggested to Ren Bishi:
"In commemorating the martyr Liu Hulan, it is best to ask Chairman Mao to write a plaque or an inscription of a few words to show commendation."
On the second day, Ren Bishi reported liu Hulan's deeds to Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao was very touched after hearing it, and recently he wrote down 8 big characters of "greatness in life and glory in death" with a deep heart.
At that time, when Hu Zongnan was attacking Yan'an and the central authorities were turning to war, publicizing Liu Hulan's deeds at this time played a very good role in inspiring the whole party and all the people in the Liberated Areas.
Unfortunately, however, Chairman Mao's inscription to Liu Hulan was lost in the chaos of the war, until 1957, on the eve of Liu Hulan's 10th anniversary, the Communist Youth League of Shanxi Province decided to carry out activities to commemorate Liu Hulan, and on the eve of the event, they specially sent people to Beijing to plead with Chairman Mao to rewrite the 8 big characters for Liu Hulan.
After hearing this, Chairman Mao once again wrote with his pen the eight big characters of "Greatness of Life and Glory of Death."
Liu Hulan was not yet 15 years old when she was sacrificed, and her deeds were written in primary school textbooks, so that we can remember this person who was willing to sacrifice his life for the sake of the party and the people from an early age.
Liu Hulan is a heroic model, but unfortunately, there are rumors on the Internet that slander and slander the heroic Liu Hulan, and I don't know what the purpose of these people is?!
Some so-called keyboard heroes on the Internet wantonly tamper with history, in order to sensationalize the public, fabricate false history, distort established historical facts, and smear heroic figures.
These false histories spread on the Internet directly reflect the vulgar character of some people, and their wanton spread and wanton tampering directly affect the correct understanding of history by children and young people.