It became part of the Arab Empire in the 7th century AD. The Arabs continued to move in and assimilate with the indigenous population, gradually forming the modern Palestinian Arabs. For thousands of years thereafter, Jerusalem was inhabited by Palestinian Arabs until World War II. During this period, they fought against the invaders such as the Crusaders and paid a lot of sacrifices.
After World War II, Jews moved in large numbers from other areas, while expelling Palestinians changed the demographic composition of the area.
The main reason why Jerusalem became a holy city of the three religions is, of course, its unique historical process; and the reason why it is still revered to this day, rather than disappearing or leaving only the wreckage like many other "holy places" in history, is inseparable from the political landscape of the past century. This arrangement of the historical periodization of Jerusalem may make the problem clear (the most powerful religious forces in the city during this period are in parentheses):
One. Templar period (Judaism)
The people who have the most say in controlling Jerusalem are probably the Jews. According to the definition of "since ancient times", it is the Jews who built the city in the earliest history of Jerusalem. The first Jewish kingdoms established their capitals and built temples here, and the Jews can be said to be the creators of Jerusalem.
Jerusalem began as a small village, but was later built as a small fortress by the natives of its geographical advantage in the Cannan region (present-day Palestine) – overlooking the Mediterranean trade route from Egypt to Asia Minor/Mesopotamia to the west, and monitoring the Jordan River, the region's most important water source, to the east.
Two. Jesus' Missionary and the Late Reign of the Roman Empire (Christianity)
After the Jews were expelled by the Romans, the city of Jerusalem began to move in the hands of different denominations. At first it was transformed by the Romans into a great Christian city. Judaism and Christianity are inherently related, and it is not particularly surprising that Jerusalem has become a holy place for both religions.
The rule of Jerusalem and its environs fell into the hands of Herod, an Edomer who claimed to be Jewish but was more Roman-like than the Romans. ), and was a good friend of Caesar's (and saved Caesar's life). So nominally the Jews still hold Jerusalem, but in reality it's a matter of minutes for the Romans to want to be the occupying force. According to the New Testament (which certainly does not exist in the Hebrew Bible), Jesus was born during heroism.
The Jews felt that life was very unhappy with the Romans, and constantly revolted, and when Hadrian was emperor, the Romans could not bear the endless resistance of the Jews in the city, and simply bulldozed the whole of Jerusalem, and the Jews began to disperse.
Three. Rise and Expansion of the Arab Empire (Islam)
The importance of Jerusalem to Muslims is that the Prophet Muhammad accomplished a feat of ascension here. To commemorate the place where Muhammad mentioned the night's ascension, the Arabs built two mosques, the famous Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
However, because the Arab Empire was full of confidence at that time, and was as tolerant of religion and ethnicity as the Eastern Tang Dynasty at the same time, even Jews were allowed to go home often.
400 years later, when the Arab Empire was no longer glorious, the caliph of the new dynasty panicked about the situation in jerusalem, which was mixed with ethnic groups, and began to persecute Jews and Christians. The most outrageous act is the demolition of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which Christians have been searching for for hundreds of years. This led directly to the First Crusades on a religious level, and the ongoing conflict between Christians and Muslims in Europe began.
Four. Crusades (Christianity)
Although the Crusaders recaptured Jerusalem, the small Christian states stationed there were all pregnant and defeated in battle with the Arab hero Saladin. Even the Lionheart's presence was not able to save the day, and Jerusalem became a Muslim city again. Although the country to which the city belongs is silent, the muslim status of the city has not changed.
Five. The Scuffle and subsequent Ottoman Rule (Islam)
In 1517, the newly rising Ottoman Empire captured Jerusalem, and the miserable city finally had a chance to breathe, and Jerusalem under Ottoman rule underwent a slow revival, such as Suleiman the Great's reconstruction of the Dome of the Rock and the city walls.
As European countries began to modernize, explorers and missionaries curious about the East had unlimited access to the city. What really changed the city's future destiny was the growing anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe at this time. First, the influx of orthodox Jewish and Messianic religious figures into Jerusalem slowly changed the proportion of the city's population, and then, with the birth of Zionism, more and more young Eastern European Jews also came to Palestine. Under the ottoman Turks, the local Arabs were able to maintain a relatively good relationship with the new Jewish immigrants to some extent (everyone was ruled anyway, and the Jewish population was still relatively small in the entire population of the region). But then, during World War I, the Anglo-French coalition finally overthrew the Ottoman Empire and successfully entered Jerusalem after several twists and turns.
Six. Modern Israel (Judaism)
Under british auspices, the United Nations voted in 1947 to adopt Resolution 181, establishing a separate entity around Jerusalem from Abu Dis to the east, To Bethlehem in the south, to Ain Karim in the west, and to Shufat in the north. The inhabitants of the city do not belong to Israel or Palestine. In 1948, the independent body was placed under the custody of the United Nations Trusteeship Council.
Since it was a resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly and the five big men all nodded in agreement, this decision has a clear international binding force. In legal terms, the nations of the world, especially the European countries that led the resolution, do not recognize Jerusalem as an Israeli city.
Twenty years later, through the Third Middle East War, the Israelis completely recovered the entire city of Jerusalem. In order to clarify the national status of this key city, in 1980 the Israeli Parliament passed the famous Jerusalem Law, which established the legal capital status of Jerusalem – of course, the international community does not recognize it, not only does not recognize it but also severely condemns Israel.
As for the Palestinian Arabs, they can only look at Israel's stubbornness with resentment, and by the way draw a circle to curse these outsiders... Of course, they also set up their legal capital in Jerusalem, or more precisely, the eastern part of Jerusalem, which Jordan once occupied.
In this way, Jerusalem became the capital of two countries and a nominally international escrow area. At the negotiating table, the question of attribution here may never be entangled.