In the past three hundred years of the Ming Dynasty, there have also been many prosperous times in Haiyan Heqing, such as the famous "'Hongwu Zhizhi'", 'Yongle Shengshi',' ''Renxuan', 'Hongzhi Zhongxing',' ''Longwan Shengshi', etc., because the recent historical drama "Daming Fenghua" is being broadcast, and the audience is enthusiastic, so this article talks about the ming dynasty that appeared in the historical time of the play.
The historical timeline of "Ming Fenghua" runs from the Yongle Dynasty in the Ming Chengzu Zhu Di period to the Tianshun Dynasty in the Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen period, during which the Ming Dynasty appeared five emperors and six dynasties, and there are two prosperous periods recognized by the history books, one is the "Yongle Shengshi" of the Ming Chengzu Zhu Di period, and the other is the "'Reign of RenXuan'" jointly created by the father and son of Emperor Mingrenzong Zhu Gaozi and Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji.
These two prosperous periods are connected, the two generations of emperors Zhu Gaozi and Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji are actually designated by Zhu Di himself, which is similar to the three emperors of the Qing Dynasty's "Kangqian Prosperous Era", but there are differences, the Qing Dynasty ''Kangqian Prosperous Era'' is one, the process is the middle of the Yongzheng Emperor correcting deviations, and then Qianlong gradually returned to Kangxi's ruling ideas on the basis of Yongzheng correction.
In the case that the ming dynasty's grandson And grandson had only been in power for a short period of nine months, the three dynasties in which they ruled consecutively created two prosperous dynasties with different governing ideas, and Zhu Zhanji, who was finally succeeded to the throne and was personally cultivated by Zhu Di, did not restore his grandfather's ruling ideas, but mostly inherited some of the governing ideas of his father, Emperor Akihito.
The great prosperity that should have been "the rule of Yongxuan" was torn down into "Yongle Shengshi" and "The Rule of Renxuan", and the feelings of Zhu Di and Zhu Zhanji, the grandfather and grandson, needless to say, Zhu Di disregarded Zhu Gaoji's ideas, and overbearingly decided to him that the heir was only allowed to be Zhu Zhanji, and cultivated it wholeheartedly, which was enough to see Zhu Di's love for Zhu Zhanji.
Moreover, the status of "Yongle Shengshi" created by Zhu Di was not bad, almost reaching the peak of the Ming Dynasty in the past three hundred years, but why did Zhu Zhanji not learn Zhu Di like Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty studied Kangxi? In fact, it is not that he does not want to learn, what he admires is Zhu Di, and it is also Zhu Di who cultivates him, but in the end he can only helplessly inherit the ideas of his father Zhu Gaozi, the reason is very simple, the national strength is not supported and it is limited, why do you say so? This article is a bit of an analysis.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, who is the "Pioneer King" of the Ming Dynasty?
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, because of the long-term war, the people's livelihood was withered away, and everything was in ruins to be rebuilt, so Zhu Yuanzhang's top priority after driving out the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was to restore the national strength, and his ruling idea was three words: "No tossing". From Zhu Yuanzhang's restriction of the movement of people in various trades and regions to his personal designation of a number of countries that are not levied, this idea of cultivation and recuperation can be reflected.
After Zhu Di seized the throne, the Ming Dynasty laid a good foundation in front of Zhu Yuanzhang, the national strength rebounded slightly, even if there was a war such as the "Battle of Jingnan", it did not affect most people, "the Battle of Jingnan" only spread in a few provinces, and Zhu Di's attack did not lie in how much territory was occupied, both sides were only attacking each other's core areas, and the rest of the provinces were basically waiting and seeing, so the damage to national strength was not large.
Zhu Di was the emperor on the horse, and the throne was not right, so he had the courage and had to create more brilliant deeds to prove that he was right to be emperor, at least to silence the scholars and masters who slandered him, and leave a good reputation as a Ming Jun in the future generations. Therefore, he took the family foundation accumulated by the Ming Dynasty itself and the wealth obtained by Zheng He in the West as the capital, and began the "Yongle Prosperous Era" with great fanfare, the main idea was to cultivate civil rule internally and not to be subordinate to the outside.
Internally, Zhu Di worked hard to restore the devastated economy and agricultural affairs of some northern provinces caused by the Battle of Jingnan, and recruited displaced people to resume production. Large-scale dredging required a large number of canals to transport supplies to the north. Guizhou Province was established to strengthen ties and exchanges between the northern, central plains and southwestern regions, and to strengthen the work of "re-reforming the land and returning to the stream" in the southwest region. Compiled and compiled the Imperial Emperor's monumental work "Yongle Canon", which proved the merits of Sheng Shiwenzhi.
Externally, Zhu Di marched five times to Mongolia, passing through The South of Luo'an. In the remote northeast region outside Guanwai, the Nuer Gandu Command and Envoy Department was established, and the vast area of the Heilongjiang River Basin was directly brought into the jurisdiction of the imperial court. The Haimao City Shipping Division, which had been stopped by Zhu Yuanzhang, was restored, and exchanges with Japan that had been interrupted for decades resumed. The most important thing was to arrange for Zheng He to lead a huge fleet of ships to the West many times and strengthen exchanges with overseas countries, so that the envoys who came to the Ming Dynasty "flocked to the Tao".
The Ming Shi Chengzu Benji describes the exploits of Zhu Di during his reign as follows:
''Weed, the four sides of the guests, were ordered by the court to pay tribute to the thirty kingdoms. The vastness of the meteorite, far away from the Han Tang Dynasty. Success is fierce, outstanding! ''
The "History of Ming" was revised by the Qing Dynasty, and the merits of the Ming Dynasty were generally reduced as much as possible, not to mention that Zhu Di set up the Nuer Gandu Commanding Envoy Division, which was not denigrated, and it was really impossible to erase.
From this point of view, the real pioneer of the Ming Dynasty is the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di, the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, but limited by national strength and disdain for the outside, the policy implemented after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty was introverted, and did not spread the influence of the Ming Dynasty, and after Zhu Di succeeded to the throne, it can be regarded as the ming Dynasty truly became a prosperous dynasty with strong regional influence, "Yongle Shengshi" is also the most brilliant period of the Ming Dynasty in the past three hundred years.
Emperor Akihito once again faced an overdraft of national strength, coupled with a long period of suppressed dissatisfaction, and completely subverted Zhu Di's policies
Zhu Di reigned for more than twenty years, creating a brilliant prosperity, but not without hidden dangers, whether it is external conquest, or internal dredging of canals, repair of the "Yongle Canon", etc., all need massive financial resources to support, Zhu Di can recruit good wars, but economic thinking is limited to the understanding of people at that time, internally can not dig out enough money he squandered, all rely on Zheng He several times to the West through trade to bring back the money support.
Zhu Di's stalls are really very large, east and west, south and north attack everywhere, even with Zheng He's support can only barely maintain, but Zheng He's going to the West is strongly opposed to the civilian official clique, the reason is also very simple, Zhu Di is too independent, in order to fight everywhere the military expenses are not constrained, Zheng He has repeatedly gone to the West to bring back all the money and wealth he swallowed, did not bring the civilian official clique and the merchants they support behind to get rich together, so the big guys do not support Zheng He's foreign development actions.
Most importantly, he used the money from the national treasury to build ships, but the money he earned did not give the treasury a single bit, because when he entered the treasury and then took it out, he had to consult with the civilian group, and it was not so convenient to use it when he wanted to use it, and it was much more convenient to enter the royal treasury to become his own private money, and this money was also tossed away in the process of conquering Mongolia and cutting Down Annam. By the end of Zhu Di's life, the prosperous world was roughly out, but the finances were also in crisis, and Xia Yuanji, the former Hubu Shangshu Who was imprisoned for opposing Zhu Di's expedition to Mongolia, directly told him:
The binian division was ineffective, the army and horses saved ten and eight or nine, the disasters were repeated, and both inside and outside were tired.
Three days after Zhu Di's death, Zhu Gaozi released Xia Yuanji, and the first piece of advice he gave zhu Gaoji as soon as he left prison was
''Strike the Western Treasure Ship''
Why not negotiate with the emperor about the distribution of income and continue to do this? The civilian official clique was afraid that Zhu Gaozi was also blinded by a large amount of money, and simply stopped it, even if there was a certain trade demand, the civilian official clique and the merchants they supported could also engage in private, completely excluding the imperial family, otherwise the emperor would dispatch national resources, and no one could win him.
For Zhu Gaozi's side, on the one hand, he saw the hidden dangers of 'Yongle Prosperous Era', on the other hand, he also had a deep resentment towards his father Zhu Di, he had been the prince for more than twenty years, and he had been stared at to death, even if Zhu Di went out on a campaign, he handled all affairs properly behind him, and he was still not welcomed by Zhu Di, and after a long time, the resentment accumulated very deeply, in addition, Zhu Gaozi was able to inherit the throne smoothly, and the civilian official clique had made great contributions, and he also needed to repay, so he basically governed completely in accordance with the requirements of the civilian clique.
Zheng He's voyage to the West was stopped, most of the supporters of Emperor Jianwen, whom Zhu Di cruelly treated, were rehabilitated, and even the relocation capital that Zhu Di painstakingly created was almost relocated back to Nanjing by Zhu Gaozi, if it were not for his short reign, it is estimated that all the troops left behind in Annam would have been transferred back, of course, this matter was later handled by his son Zhu Zhanji. Basically, Zhu Gaozi recovered some of the things That Zhu Di had done, and returned to the general direction of "no tossing".
The reason why Zhu Gaozi was posthumously honored as "Ren" was mainly related to his support for all the policies proposed by the civilian bureaucracy. The civilian-official clique influenced by Confucianism did not support Zhu Di's outward prosperity at all, and what they hoped for was the kind of introverted prosperity that Zhu Yuanzhang engaged in, that is, no matter the wind and rain outside, we should be safe and stable inside the Ming Dynasty, honestly cultivate the land, honestly control the people, and don't toss. The financial crisis brought about by Zhu Di's wild expansion and the resulting Tang Sai'er uprising in Shandong also gave them sufficient reasons.
Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji wanted to learn from his grandfather Zhu Di, but the national strength was not fully restored, and the civilian official clique would not cooperate
Zhu Gaozi died after less than nine months as emperor, and Zhu Zhanji succeeded to the throne, he was the heir cultivated by Zhu Di, and it was certain that he wanted to learn from Zhu Di, and he also personally led an army to go out to Saiwai and reopen the Western Ocean. However, his father only ruled for nine months, which was not enough time to erase the debts owed by Zhu Di's large-scale expansion in the period of Great Fandom, unlike the "Kangqian Prosperous Era" period of the Qing Dynasty, in which Yongzheng saved a lot of silver for Qianlong, so the national strength was not enough to support Zhu Zhanji to restore the old government of Yongle.
On the other hand, with the acquiescence of Zhu Gaozi before his death, the civilian official clique rose in an all-round way, and they had died in the Yongle Dynasty to protect the then crown prince Zhu Gaozi, and Zhu Zhanji, the eldest son of Zhu Gaozi, was also the natural beneficiary, and with the grace in front, he could not use Zhu Di's tough attitude to deal with the civilian official clique that refuted his ideas, and he could not fully restore the policies that Zhu Di had implemented, and could only honestly be the Taiping Tianzi after a short toss.
Moreover, after Zheng He fell ill on the way to the West for the seventh time, there was no trustworthy host, and the voyage to the West was also forced to stop, and the only additional financial support that Zhu Zhanji could get was also lost, and he could only fully recover it, and during Zhu Zhanji's reign, all the troops sent by Zhu Di to conquest Annam were also transferred back to China, completely abandoning the strategy for Annan, and the idea of governing was completely transferred back to the rule, and Zhu Zhanji, who worshipped his grandfather Zhu Di, eventually inherited everything from his father Zhu Gaozi.
Based on the above analysis, the reason why the three emperors of the three emperors of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, Emperor Akihito Zhu Gaozi, and Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji of Ming Xuanzong appeared in two kinds of prosperous times is very clear, "Yongle Shengshi" is a pioneering type of prosperous world, which Zhu Di forcibly pushed out in order to prove himself, just like Tang Taizong Li Shimin also tried to be an emperor whose merits far exceeded that of the previous dynasty after he seized the throne, Zhu Di must distinguish himself from his predecessors, in order to become a natural emperor in the eyes of the people of the world. Even if you spend more money, you have to create a prosperous world.
In addition to the financial crisis caused by Zhu Di in order to toss out the prosperous world, he and the civilian official clique also played a great role in their disapproval of Zhu Di, the civilian official clique was disgusted with opening up to the outside world, Zhu Gaozi was also disgusted with opening up to the outside world, and also resented his father Zhu Di's suppression of himself after becoming the crown prince, and resentment accumulated, so he ignored the inappropriateness of his son changing his father, and was unwilling to wait for a moment after ascending the throne, and began to smooth the wounds brought about by the Yongle Dynasty while venting.
Although Zhu Zhanji was the heir designated by Zhu Di himself, he was very wise, and Zhu Zhanji was also different from his grandfather Zhu Di, that is, he was not usurped the throne, so there was no need to eagerly prove himself with grand merits, and if there were conditions to copy Zhu Di's merits, he would copy zhu Di's merits, and if there were no conditions to do it, he would be safe and stable, so in the end, during Zhu Zhanji's reign, what appeared was the "rule of benevolence" that connected with the policy of his father Zhu Gaozi, rather than the "reign of Yongxuan" created by his grandfather Zhu Di.