Editor's note: The recently controversial "Daming Fenghua", with the successive offline of Wang Xuexi, Liang Guanhua and Yu Haoming, has begun to be considered by netizens to be the work of the tiger. For example, the bureau also performed Zhu Di's Northern Expedition to the feeling of Tumu Fort, and Zhu Di was surrounded by a Large Mongol army led by the Leader of the Wala, Mahamu, and it was only after a hard battle that he was able to break through, but he died on the way back to Beijing. In fact, Zhu Di and the Valar people befriended the Second Northern Expedition in 1414 (the twelfth year of Yongle), and it was here that the famous Battle of Kulan and Lost Wen took place. So what about the real Battle of Kulan?????
▲ Zhu Di and Zhu Zhanji in "Daming Style"
We must point out that with the characteristics of involution in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the smear of Yongle sweeping the north has begun. Chinese literati have had a tradition of belittling Bian Gong since ancient times, and by the Song Dynasty they reached their peak. Due to the loose control of ming thought, a large number of words that smeared their own monarchs were handed down. Mr. Mao Peiqi's early work "The Biography of the Yongle Emperor", an early work of the Ming historian Mao Peiqi, was also misled by these remarks, and commented on the battle of Kulan's sudden loss of temperature- this battle, the Ming army used "500,000 people" to requisition the tile thorns of "sweeping the territory" but "more than 30,000 people", and its momentum was hanging in the balance. However, the Ming army fought very hard, the two sides "killed and wounded equally", if it were not for the "order of the class division" and "rush", its victory or defeat would not be known... Not only that, these two northern expeditions also caused the Ming Dynasty to "lose eight or nine years of military and horse savings" and "exhaust both inside and outside", and the losses were huge.
▲ Zhu Di
But half a million people were out of the jam, and the ranking officials knew that it was simply funny to think about. The Ming Dynasty's Northern Expedition, as far as central Mongolia and even Russia, the supply line is as far away as the end of the world. Taking the sudden loss of temperature near Ulaanbaatar as an example, it is more than 1200 kilometers away from Beijing, which is equivalent to the distance from Beijing to Fuzhou, which is only a straight-line distance, in fact, the Ming army supply team also needs to cross the desert remotely. Assuming that it is really fighting with 500,000 soldiers, it is impossible to do without more than two million logistics teams. The so-called half a million troops, obviously counting the auxiliary soldiers and transporting civilians, can have 100,000 combatants. But was it that when Zhu Di fought with the Wallachians, the soldiers were 100,000 troops? Non-also, non-also. The Mongolian steppe was so large that the Ming army had to disperse to conduct a carpet search to find the enemy, and the cunning Mongols felt that it was impossible to fight a decisive battle without certainty. Therefore, the only people who will really fight are the enemy's way, tens of thousands of people, and they do not have much advantage over the Wala forces.
In 1410 (the eighth year of Yongle), Chengzu's first Northern Expedition gave the Tatars of Eastern Mongolia a beating. However, the Wala people in the west took advantage of the rise, and The Charlas Mahamu unified the three parts of the Wala, and even attacked and killed the Great Khan of Tatarstan, the titular Northern Yuan Emperor Ben Yaburi, and the son of Li Ben Ya Uzli, Tariba, as the puppet Great Khan, established himself as a Taishi, and had the potential to unify Mongolia. On the eve of the Battle of Kulan, both Arutai and Mahamu were not honest, and they both wanted the Ming army to fight their opponents. Zhu Di thought about it and felt that the current situation was that the Wala was strong and the Tatars were weak, and in order to maintain the balance of the steppe, he still crippled the Wala people.
The warriors of the Wallachian headquarters were only more than 30,000 people, but their combat effectiveness was very strong. Because it was far northwest of the Ming Empire, Walla was able to avoid the blockade of the iron weapons trade of the Ming Dynasty, obtain fine iron horses from the western region and Central Asia, and form armored cavalry, becoming a "inner Asian power" jokingly called on the Internet. Influenced by the Timurid Empire, the Wala heavy cavalry had a Turkic style, and the armor was more efficient than that of the heavy cavalry in the Yuan Empire era, and the cold weapons research institute's previous article "The Defeat of tumu fort Ming Yingzong should not carry the pot?" The command is a bit worse, and he also underestimates the iron horse army of the Wallachians, which mentions the Iron Horsemen of the Previous Era. Of course, the armored cavalry at the founding of the Ming Dynasty was also a hard stubble, and Leng Yan's previous "Retreaters Must Be Cut, Destroying 300,000 Luchuan Troops in World War I, Daming Mu Yingping Southwest Relying on Not Only Three Stages of Attack", an article, also tells the story of General Mu Ying's reliance on firearms and armored heavy cavalry to crush the hegemony of southwest China and Southeast Asia.
As firearms developed to provide the ability to break through formations and warfare placed greater emphasis on mobility, the later Ming Dynasty's assault cavalry developed toward light armor. Therefore, the Battle of Kulan and Suddenly Losing Temperature is undoubtedly a rare heavy cavalry duel in the entire history of the Ming Dynasty. In February 1414 (the twelfth year of Yongle), Zhu Di personally led an army of 100,000 from Beijing, claiming to be 500,000, and crossed the desert and raised troops to the north. The Ming army was arranged to lead the camp led by Liu Sheng, Marquis of Anyuan, Zheng Heng of Wu'an, Chen Mao, the Marquis of Ningyang, led the left sentry, Marquis Li Bin of Fengcheng led the right post, Marquis Wang Tong of Chengshan led the left guard, Du Du Tan Qing led the right guard, and Du Du LiJiang Zhu Rong led the forward. At the beginning of June, the army reached the Sea of Twin Springs, and the forwards encountered the Wala army. Under the influence of the "tyranny of distance", the Ming army was both left behind, and there were also partial divisions that had not received the enemy to disperse their troops, and the number of troops was not much superior to the more than 30,000 Wala cavalry that had fallen from the country.
▲ Stills of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di in "Daming Style"
And Kuran suddenly lost temperature near Ulaanbaatar, the capital of contemporary Mongolia. Chengzu's army had been trekking on the Mongolian plateau for more than two months, and after finding enemy tracks, it doubled its path, and the physical exertion would undoubtedly lead to a decline in combat effectiveness. The vast depth of the Mongolian steppes has always been a natural enemy of the agrarian empire and a dependency of nomadic peoples. Under the leadership of a famous marshal like Wei Qing, the iron-blooded strong man who was able to kill the Xiongnu such as the grass on the side plug could only "kill and injure the Xiongnu" on the "tyranny of distance", which was the result of the decline in the combat strength of the Han army and the home field advantage with the nomads. After discovering the vanguard of the Wallachian army, Zhu Di understood that the great battle was coming, and the whole army was ready for a vicious fight. Subsequently, the Ming army found the main Mongolian force in Kulan. Mahmu led more than 30,000 soldiers of the Wala army, tuned on a high post, each with three or four horses, and more than 100,000 warhorses alone.
▲ Map of the operational situation of the Battle of Kulan and Suddenly Lost Temperature
When we look at the map, we know the routine of Mahamu, Zhu Di crossed the desert and arrived, the consumption of grain and grain materials was amazing, and now we found that the main force of Wala could not account to the DPRK without fighting a battle. However, the Wallachians are backed by high mountains and are on the slopes of the mountains, which has the advantage of "condescending to the heights, like splitting bamboo", and is more conducive to exerting the impact of the iron horse. Assuming that Zhu Di chose to confront, the Wallachians prepared enough cattle and sheep as food and grass, and the First One who could not afford to consume it must be the Ming Army. And if the Ming army retreated and morale was lost, Mahmu could still pursue. It can be said that the situation in front of Zhu Di at this time is not easy, but the Yongle Emperor will not suffer as much as "Daming Fenghua". In a word - don't provoke, just do it! After the battle, the Mongol Iron Horse charged in three ways. Zhu Di knew that the ming army's heavy cavalry was small in number and located in a low place, and it was difficult to withstand the first wave of the heavy cavalry of the Wallachian heavy cavalry that had been resting at home for many days, so he ordered the general Liu Sheng to meet the battle with the Divine Machine Battalion.
When the enemy army entered the firing range, the guns of the Divine Machine Battalion fired in unison, and the Mongolian war horses were shot and killed, and had to withdraw to the top of the mountain. Zhu Di rode two ways to encircle and try to exert his superiority in troops, but the Wala army occupied the commanding heights, the position was as solid as a rock, the heavy arrows of broken armor rolled down like a heavy rain, the losses of the Ming army were not light, the Mongolian officer Mandu died in battle, and Zheng Heng retreated with arrows. Zhu Di saw that the battle situation was in a white-hot situation, and he rose up bravely and personally led thousands of horses to directly attack the enemy Kou Zhong's army.
▲ Elite Ming Army
The cavalry led by Zhu Di was the ace of the Ming Army, divided into heavy lancers and heavy archers, and wherever they passed, guns such as dense forest arrows like hail rain, carefully selected warhorses could also carry heavier equipment. The Wala army had just repelled the attack of the Ming army's left and right armies, the Chinese army was attacked by a surprise, it was simply caught off guard, the front began to loosen, the Ming army pressed on at this time, Liu Shengfu shot at the left and right sides of Mahamu with the guns of the divine machine battalion, and the divine machine cannon shot hundreds of Wala warriors to death. The victory of the Ming army in this battle became a classic example of firearms troops and infantry fighting together.
▲ Mahmu, the leader of the Wala
Zhu Di chose not to chase after the poor Kou, first, because he was worried that if he went too deep, the Ming army's physical strength would continue to be depleted, and it would be possible to suffer from the mongolian army that was good at grassland combat. The second is the consideration of not wanting to deal too much blow to Wala and maintaining the balance of power in the grasslands. If you think that Zhu Di's losses are greater than the Mongol army, so he does not dare to pursue, it is a big mistake. In the Battle of Kulan, the only generals killed by the Ming army were the Mongol officer Mandu, while Vala was "killed by more than a dozen of his princes" and "killed dozens of people below his famous king". The killing and injury are comparable, which belongs to the embellishment and exaggeration that shows that the casualties of the Ming army are not small. In reality, however, the losses of the Wala army should have been much greater. The beheading of the Ming army has two kinds of sayings: "more than a thousand levels" and "thousands of levels", the number of beheadings is often lower than the number of annihilated enemies, and the Mongols also have the habit of dragging corpses, resulting in the price of the Mongols in the Ming Dynasty being much higher than that of the southern ethnic minorities. However, there is no doubt that Wala has lost tens of thousands of dollars. why? Because of the obvious weakness of the Wallachians, The previously mighty Mahmu was defeated in a decisive battle with the Tatar master Arutai, who had been beaten by himself, and died of serious injuries. It can be said that the Battle of Kulan has temporarily lifted the threat of the Wala people.
▲ Mahmu's grandson also first taishi
Of course, Maham's sons, Dehuan, and grandson were also extremely good at first, revitalizing Vara and unifying Mongolia in the face of adversity, which was not something that Zhu Di could calculate. Therefore, the wolf state of the battle between Ming Chengzu and Walla in "Daming Style" really cannot be taken seriously, everyone can just look at it in vain, in the Yongle Dynasty at the peak of Daming's military strength, it was the norm in that period to destroy the foreign enemies and be invincible.
This article is the original manuscript of the Cold Weapons Research Institute. The original outline of the editor-in-chief and the author Hai Yuntian, any media or public account shall not be reproduced without written authorization, and the offender will be investigated for legal responsibility.