In 1941, a man gave a passionate speech on the stage, and the soldiers of the New Fourth Army listened carefully, and from time to time they burst into thunderous applause. This man stood on the stage, wonderful speech and gestures, conquered the soldiers of the New Fourth Army, and was impressed by his charm.
This is not an ordinary speech, but a mobilization for war. When the man said, "
If we have 100 rounds of bullets, we will fire 99 at the enemy, and the last one will be kept to ourselves, never captured!
”
The soldiers of the New Fourth Army in the audience were indignant, and one by one their blood was boiling, as if they were about to fight the enemy face to face.
The person standing on the stage and speaking was none other than the director of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army.
Yuan Guoping
。
Shortly after this speech, they were ambushed, and Yuan Guoping fulfilled his oath and committed suicide by pulling the trigger at the last moment...
What's going on here?
(1) Throw pen from Rong
Yuan Guoping was born on May 26, 1906 in Shaodong County, Hunan Province. The family was poor, and his father was engaged in farming, and he usually played cotton for people.
When he was 6 years old, his family sent him to a private school, and he was very studious. At the age of 10, he was admitted to Baoqing Xuncheng Primary School, and his grades in school have always been excellent.
He not only excelled in his grades, but also enthusiastically. At that time, there was a classmate whose family was really difficult and could not afford to pay the tuition. He suggested to the school that he apply for half-work and half-study for that classmate, and that after school time wipe the desk and do some chores, the school approved it. Therefore, the classmate was able to support himself until graduation.
Although he can help others, he can't help himself. His family was just as poor, and to make matters worse, his father died while in elementary school. He had to drop out of school at home to help his brother play cotton to support the family.
In 1922, the First Normal School of Hunan Province came to Baoqing (present-day Shaoyang City) and recruited four publicly-funded teacher training students there. Yuan Guoping went to apply for the examination and entered the Hunan First Normal School with excellent results.
In the First Normal School, he received
Xu Teli, Tian Han
Under the careful guidance of the teachers and under their influence, the student movement was carried out, and he was elected as the student representative of the first division and elected as the executive member of the Hunan Provincial Federation of Students.
Xu Teli
Yuan Guoping loved literature since he was a child, and after entering the First Normal School, he also became a member of the Literary Research Society. Tian Han was a Chinese language teacher at that time and praised him very much. Later, Tian Han went to Shanghai, where he engaged in revolutionary literary and artistic activities.
In January 1925, he graduated from the First Normal School, and Tian Han invited him to Shanghai to participate in the work of the Nanguo Society. Later, the Nanguo Society was shut down, and he decided to throw in the pen.
In October 1925, just as the Whampoa Military Academy came to Shanghai to enroll, Yuan Guoping immediately applied for the examination, and then was admitted to the third brigade of the fourth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy. At the end of the same year, he joined the Communist Party of China.
In July 1926, the Nationalist government swore an oath to the Northern Expedition, and he was assigned to the Fourth Army as the leader of the propaganda team, and he gradually showed his excellent propaganda level and writing skills.
In September 1926, British warships shelled residents at will in Wanxian County, Sichuan, causing thousands of deaths and injuries to residents, and many houses were damaged. The Chinese people were indignant about this, and Yuan Guoping wrote a drama late at night
"Blood of Ten Thousand Counties"
。 Expose the British crime of massacring the countrymen and call on the countrymen to resist together.
afterward
Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei
Successively rebelling against the revolution, Yuan Guoping participated in the Nanchang Uprising, and later followed Ye Ting's troops south to Guangdong. In December, participated
Zhang Tailei, Ye Jianying, Ye Ting
Waiting for the Guangzhou uprising, he was responsible for receiving those who came to Guangzhou to participate in the uprising.
Members
After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, he was associated with it
Peng Pan
Led by the Dongjiang peasant armed rendezvous. Assist The Paper in carrying out the agrarian revolution in Dongjiang and establish the Dongjiang Revolutionary Base Area. However, the Kuomintang sent heavy troops to encircle and suppress them, and the Red Army suffered great losses and was forced to withdraw.
In June 1930, the Red 3 Corps was established.
Peng Dehuai
As Commander-in-Chief,
Teng Daiyuan
as Political Commissar,
Deng Ping
As chief of staff, Yuan Guoping served as director of the Political Department and political commissar of the Eighth Red Army.
On July 27, the Red Third Army captured Changsha, and Yuan Guoping immediately took over the newspaper and published it
Red Army Daily
。 Writing articles, publishing documents on land and the communist program, and publishing a series of proclamations had a great influence in Changsha and publicized the policies of the Red Army.
In less than 10 days, he led the staff of the Political Department to vigorously publicize the deeds and policies of the Red Army and let the people understand what kind of army we were. In just a few days, more than 8,000 people joined the Red Army and raised more than 400,000 silver dollars.
After that, the Red Third Army and the Red First Army established the Red Army, and he served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the First Army. In several anti-encirclement and suppression campaigns, the Red Army has defeated the enemy many times, and the good development of political work is an important factor in victory.
In one battle after another, he constantly summed up political experience, came up with many ways and methods of political work, and published many articles in the newspapers and periodicals of the Red Army to introduce these experiences.
join
Chen Yi
They all said, "
Yuan Guoping was a good propaganda agitator and talented.
(2) Chairman Mao recommended him to the New Fourth Army
After the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement campaign, the Red Army was forced to begin a strategic shift. He has continued to strengthen his political work in difficult circumstances, allowing the troops to overcome difficulties and move forward.
When the Red Army came to Zunyi, the Zunyi Conference was held, and the Red Army had a new three-man command regiment. The situation is completely new and worth rejoicing. However, Yuan Guoping fell ill at this time because of long-term fatigue. He was infected with typhoid fever, which was not a minor illness at the time, and it would be fatal if he didn't get it right.
The Red Army lacked medicine during the Long March, and Yuan Guoping gritted his teeth and endured under such circumstances. When crossing the snowy mountains, Yuan Guoping was an important leader and had just recovered from a serious illness, and the organization assigned him a horse. But he did not ride himself, but wounded the horse by a gunshot
Tang Liang
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tang Liang was awarded the rank of general, and when recalling this past, he once said:
If Director Yuan hadn't given me the horse, I was afraid that I would have stayed on the snowy mountain a long time ago, where would I still be now? It's just a pity that he sacrificed too early and couldn't see new China.
Admiral Tang Liang
After the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, Yuan Guoping served as a political commissar at the Red Army School. He often went down to the grassroots to help the soldiers solve problems; wrote teaching materials and formulated outlines; and taught students, which was deeply loved by everyone.
In July 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in full swing, and the cadets of the Red Army School began to rush to the front. Yuan Guoping was asked to stay in the base area and publicize the policy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party among soldiers, ordinary people, and people from all walks of life.
Because in the hearts of the Red Army soldiers at that time, they fought with the Kuomintang for so many years and killed so many of our comrades. Suddenly, they wanted to cooperate together to resist japan, and later they were their own people, which made many Red Army soldiers unable to adapt at once.
At that time, the people also knew less about the Red Army and the Kuomintang army to resist Japan. At the same time, we must also publicize the people to join the anti-Japanese camp and understand our policies. With regard to the alliance with the Kuomintang, our Party must also communicate and consult, and pay attention to the united front work with Kuomintang personnel.
The war in front was fierce, and Yuan Guoping could not sit still in the rear. You think, any soldier wants to go to the battlefield, and although it is also a job in the back, it is not good after all. This is even more true for Yuan Guoping, who wants to go to the battlefield too much.
In a letter to his nephew, he wrote: "
I used to be used to battlefield life, and suddenly I was very uncomfortable in the rear. I am asking the Central Committee of the Party to send me to the front, and I am willing to fight for national liberation and victory, and die without regrets.
At this time, an opportunity came, and he was about to get his wish.
After the Kuomintang and the Communists began their second cooperation, the two sides reached an agreement. The original Red Army guerrillas in the eight southern provinces were reorganized into the New Fourth Army, by
As a military commander,
Xiang Ying
Served as Deputy Commander. After the Long March of the main force of the Red Army at that time, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi stayed in the Soviet zone and began a three-year guerrilla war.
Now they began to come out of the mountains and rush to the anti-Japanese front, and the guerrillas were reorganized into the New Fourth Army. In January 1938, the New Fourth Army Headquarters was also fixed on the Luxiangshan Road in Nanchang, and the various personnel of the military headquarters began to be put in place, and various departments and sections were gradually established.
Leaders at all levels are basically in place, but there is one candidate who has not been implemented, and that is the candidate for the director of the Political Department. This made Xiang Ying anxious, constantly sending telegrams to the Party Central Committee urging, hoping to quickly arrange candidates.
Chairman Mao
This candidate has been under consideration, and it is crucial to know the position of Director of the Political Department. That year
Zhou Enlai
When he served at the Whampoa Military Academy, he held this position. After the founding of the army on August 1st, our party attached great importance to this post, and the principle of the party commanding guns was mainly implemented by the Political Department.
Chairman Mao pondered this candidate for a long time, deliberating it repeatedly among several candidates. Xiang Ying was in a hurry and directly told the Party Central Committee by name
Luo Ruiqing
and
Tan Zheng
。 I have to say that Xiang Ying's vision is very poisonous!
Both men have worked in the field of political work for many years and have a wealth of experience. Luo Ruiqing also handled the Xi'an Incident with Zhou Enlai in 1936, and it can be said that his ability is outstanding. Tan Zheng has also served as the director of the political department and the political commissar many times, and he is also handy in political work.
However, Chairman Mao did not choose these two people, but chose Yuan Guoping.
Chairman Mao said in a call back to Xiang Ying:
The central authorities decided to appoint Yuan Guoping as director of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army. Yuan carried out politics and had a lot of experience.
Chairman Mao had multiple considerations for Yuan Guoping's appointment as director of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army, and according to the introduction to Yuan Guoping above, we all understand that this person is very capable. Before Yuan Guoping left Yan'an, Chairman Mao specifically talked to him and gave him a lot of guidance on his work in the New Fourth Army.
(3) Excellent completion of work
On April 26, 1938, Yuan Guoping arrived at the New Fourth Army Headquarters of Yansi Temple in Anhui Province and officially assumed the post of director of the Political Department.
The New Fourth Army was previously a Red Army left behind in the Soviet Zone, but it was also severely damaged and its numbers were sharply reduced, and some were guerrillas from all over the world. It can be imagined that the political work of such a temporarily formed contingent will be difficult to carry out.
At that time, the New Fourth Army had almost no political organization, and all work had to be done from scratch. Yuan Guoping was not discouraged by such a situation at all, but started down-to-earth.
He constantly improved the political system, stipulating that there should be political organs at or above the regiment level, party representatives or political commissars, instructors in the company, and political fighters in squads and platoons. For these candidates, Yuan Guoping selected a group of people from all over the world to work in the New Fourth Army. There are veterans of the Long March and guerrilla warfare in the past, comrades engaged in underground work, and comrades who organize mass movements.
In short, we must make use of talents, pay attention to where they come from, and attach importance to having work experience and withstand the test. Yuan Guoping also created a teaching battalion in the New Fourth Army, and on this basis, he also created the teaching corps.
At an oath mobilization meeting, Yuan Guoping's wonderful speech left a deep impression on the people present. One of the veterans who was present once said: "
I have listened to many speeches and reports before, but I have never heard a speech like Director Yuan's, and Director Yuan's eloquence is very good, his voice is loud and inflammatory, and he sounds particularly encouraged.
During Yuan Guoping's tenure, it was the most difficult moment of the War of Resistance, the Nationalist army was defeated and retreated in various battlefields, most of China fell into the hands of the Japanese, and the war entered a stalemate.
Because the Japanese advance is very fast, often the personnel and materials have not been evacuated, they have already arrived nearby. Therefore, many of the materials were not transferred and fell into the hands of the Japanese. This led to a very shortage of materials for the New Fourth Army, after all, the New Fourth Army was not like the Kuomintang army, and the materials were often supplied.
We did not have enough supplies, the resistance of the Kuomintang army was gradually retreating, and all the major cities were occupied by the Japanese army... Under such circumstances, many people feel that the prospects for victory in the war are slim and do not know where the way out is.
However, Yuan Guoping did not think so, and after he took office, he went to the occupied areas around Jiangsu and Anhui to investigate. In the occupied areas, he saw that although many people had lost their homes, they all held their breath and were eager to rush away the Japanese.
Therefore, he believes that although the Japanese can achieve victory in a short period of time, the people's will is still there, and as long as they do not surrender and persist in fighting, they will certainly be able to achieve victory. He firmly believed that victory belonged to us after all.
With such a belief, yuan Guoping, in order to inspire everyone's enthusiasm for fighting, always held a mobilization meeting everywhere he went. With what he had seen and heard in the occupied areas, as well as what he thought and thought, he told everyone to persevere and that victory would belong to China.
The soldiers and the people listened to his speech and rekindled hope for the revolution and confidence in the future war. As for Yuan Guoping's ability to agitate, some revolutionaries of the older generation have praised it after hearing it.
In order to better publicize and expand the intensity of propaganda, Yuan Guoping also set up a field service group of more than 200 people.
Yuan Guoping once said of the Field Service Corps:
Many of them are multi-talented, and they use their talents to perform in various units, mass hospitals, and hospitals, and have won unanimous praise from everyone. Their presence has played an important role in improving the overall quality of the troops and inspiring people's hearts.
The Field Service Corps created many works, most of which reflected reality and highlighted the characteristics of serving the war, and Yuan Guoping also presided over and participated in the creation of the military song of the New Fourth Army.
Yuan Guoping also attached great importance to the building of the party's work style, and he constantly stressed that the troops should closely rely on the masses. Once, during an inspection at the grass-roots level, he found that there was a cadre who lived in a very luxurious and extravagant and wasteful way. Yuan Guoping severely criticized the cadre and removed him from his post.
Under the leadership of Yuan Guoping, the political work of the New Fourth Army was carried out in an orderly and smooth manner, which played a huge role in the propaganda and growth of the New Fourth Army.
(4) The Southern Anhui Incident
Although Chiang Kai-shek and our Party cooperated again, he still wanted to destroy our army in his heart. His idea was:
Push the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to the anti-Japanese front and destroy our army with the help of the Japanese.
But what he did not expect was that in one battle after another, the strength of our army has continued to grow, and its image among the people has become better and better.
This infuriated Chiang Kai-shek, who wanted to find an opportunity to destroy our army. What's more, at that time, the New Fourth Army was mainly active in Jiangsu and Anhui to attack the Japanese army in this area.
This was originally a support army, but in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, this is a "
threat
”。 On the side of the bed, let others sleep soundly. Chiang Kai-shek had always wanted to destroy the nearby New Fourth Army so that he could sit back and relax.
In 1940, because the Eighth Route Army attacked the Japanese army again and again in North China, it launched the Hundred Regiments War, which caused a great blow to the Japanese army. This forced the Japanese to shift the focus of their offensive to North China, and Chiang Kai-shek saw an opportunity.
In the spring of 1940, Chiang Kai-shek exerted pressure on the New Fourth Army under various pretexts, secretly constantly dispatching troops to prepare to surround the New Fourth Army. The New Fourth Army strongly resisted this move, and Yuan Guoping negotiated with the Kuomintang.
However, the Kuomintang army ignored this, and the two sides failed to reach an agreement.
In October 1940, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram demanding that the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army withdraw to the north of the Yellow River within a month. At the same time, let's
Gu Zhutong, Shangguan Yunxiang
More than 100,000 troops were deployed to prepare to encircle and suppress the New Fourth Army.
The New Fourth Army was forced to begin to move, and more than 9,000 troops were officially deployed on January 4, 1941, and on January 5, the troops arrived in the Maolin area.
On January 6, when the New Fourth Army marched to the Piling area in Jing County, it was surrounded and attacked by more than 80,000 people in seven divisions commanded by the Kuomintang officer Yun Xiang. The New Fourth Army was outnumbered and forced to disperse and break through.
The Southern Anhui Incident broke out.
On January 14, Ye Ting went down the mountain to negotiate with the Kuomintang troops and was detained. In the face of such a situation, late that night, Xiang Ying and Yuan Guoping led the team to break through. In the later breakout, Xiang Ying,
Zhou Zikun
Killed by traitors.
In the process of leading the team to break through that night, Yuan Guoping was shot several times in the body, lying in the grass, and once passed out. Fortunately, he was the deputy company commander of the Military Guard Company, who later arrived here
Li Fu
When the warriors found him, he was covered in blood and could not walk.
Yuan Guoping heard the warriors calling him in a trance, and he endured the pain in his body and said to Li Fu: "
Li Fu, every life of the remaining fighters is precious, they are all the seeds of the revolution, hurry up and break out, leave me alone, I can't go.
When the soldiers saw Director Yuan say this, their hearts were very sad, and several soldiers shed tears. Despite Yuan Guoping's words, as their beloved director, a comrade-in-arms who lived and died together, how could they possibly abandon him?
The warriors made a stretcher out of branches and rattan, put Yuan Guoping on it, lifted it up, and left. As dawn approached, they reached a ferry crossing along the river.
As they crossed the river, the Nationalist soldiers spotted them, and in an instant, bullets rained down on them. Many warriors were shot and fell into the river, and the warriors carrying stretchers also fell. Yuan Guoping fell into the water, and the warriors rescued him again and carried him away.
After reaching the other side of the river, they found a hidden place to rest. At this time, the original team of more than 100 people was only thirty or forty people left. Yuan Guoping had already suffered a gunshot wound, and when he crossed the river, he was injured again, and his body was already very weak.
The warriors carried him to a place and shouted for half a day, and he finally woke up from his coma. He struggled to take out a notebook and 7 oceans and said to Li Fu: "
Hurry up and take the warriors... Breakout, can go out one by one, otherwise... Can't get out.
Facing the seven oceans, Yuan Guoping said: "
This is my membership fee, remember to hand it over for me.
When everyone saw Yuan Guoping like this, they all cried.
Yuan Guoping understood that it was because of himself, so the warriors did not abandon themselves to break through. He was proud to have such loyal warriors, but because of himself, he had already sacrificed a lot of warriors when he first crossed the river. If they continue to carry themselves, the warriors are afraid that they will still die.
Yuan Guoping made a decision.
Taking advantage of the soldiers' lack of attention, he quietly took out his gun and pulled the trigger on his temple.
A gunshot shocked the soldiers, the soldiers looked at the fallen Yuan Guoping, did not react for a moment, a second or two later, the soldiers rushed over to hug Yuan Guoping and cried bitterly.
The warriors never imagined that the beloved director of the political department would choose such a way to end his life in order to let the soldiers break through.
In their ears, it seemed that Yuan Guoping's speech at the mobilization meeting not long ago sounded again: "The speech of Yuan Guoping at the mobilization meeting not long ago:
Our New Fourth Army is like a dragon, now trapped in a pond, and when it goes out, it will live, and it will frighten the enemy. Now that the Kuomintang is encircling us, we can certainly rush out.
Yuan Guoping fulfilled his oath:
A hundred rounds of ammunition, ninety-nine to kill and wound the enemy, one to himself.
After Yuan Guoping's sacrifice, the warriors made arrangements for Yuan Guoping's body. They found an old farmer nearby and asked him to protect Yuan Guoping's body. This old man was already very supportive of the New Fourth Army, so he agreed with a full mouth.
In order not to let it be discovered, this old man buried Yuan Guoping's body in his ancestral grave without even telling his wife. Later, the Kuomintang searched for Yuan Guoping's body in this area, and although faced with a very high bounty from the Kuomintang, the old man never revealed half a word.
It was not until his deathbed that the old man told the secret and asked her to keep it until the New Fourth Army returned.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the old lady explained this situation to the local government, and after some research, confirmed that this was the body of Yuan Guoping. In 1955, Yuan Guoping's body was moved from Maolin in Jing County, Anhui Province to the Yuhuatai Martyrs' Cemetery in Nanjing.
Yuan Guoping has worked hard for the victory of the Chinese revolution all his life, and it is precisely because of a group of such people that he ushered in a new China.
His selfless spirit of sacrificing his life and forgetting death is always worth remembering!
This article by The Strong Brother accompanies you to say the history of the original, welcome to pay attention, take you along with long knowledge!