The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
The Turks are a linguistically divided people whose ancestors were nomadic peoples of Northeast Asia. From an ethnographic and ethnological point of view, the Turks were a mixed people, formed by a mixture of The Scythians and Huns of the Indo-European language family; in the book "History of the North" compiled by Chinese Historians of the Tang Dynasty, it is clearly mentioned that the ancestors of the Turks should be a branch of the Huns, and they have ethnically integrated with the Scythians.
The Turks were constantly at war with the Chinese dynasties and had always tried to integrate into the lives of the Chinese; at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Li Keyong, who became the Envoy of the Tang Dynasty's Hedong Jiedushi, was one of the Shatuo of the Turkic tribes. About 900 years later, an Oghuz tribe of Turkic tribes entered Bukhara, present-day Uzbekistan, from the northeast and soon settled here and became Sunnis of Islam.
Among the tribes of Oghuz emerged a king named Seljuk, who was brave and cunning, and easily won the support of the people of the conquered regions. The Seljuks fought westward to the Iranian plateau, and because of him, the Oghuz tribesmen were also known as the Seljuks.
The Turks often had civil unrest. The Seljuks had a serious conflict with the Turkic Ghaznavids who occupied the Indus Valley, which lasted for at least three generations, with the result that the two races attacked and plundered each other. Because of the vague religious beliefs of the Ghaznavids, the Seljuks soon gained the upper hand, using Sunni Islam as a religious weapon in their foreign conquests, demanding that the people of the conquered areas must believe in Sunni Islam.
The Seljuks eventually became the most powerful force in Central Asia in 1000 AD for three reasons: first, the influence of the Arab Empire on Central Asia and the Iranian plateau was almost non-existent, and some regions had formed a divided force, and the Seljuks conquered these separatist forces, which was a good thing for the Abbasids; second, the Sunni belief of the Seljuks was the mainstream belief in Islam; third, the Seljuks had the characteristics of the Scythians and the Junus, they were attacking light cavalry, and the Seljuk cavalry did not wear armor Armed with wooden shields, swords, and bows and arrows, they can make various changes in posture during archery, and can even hide under the belly of a horse to shoot arrows.
At the time of the rise of the Seljuks, their cavalry brought a huge shock to the Steppes of Central Asia: the 10 cavalry of the Seljuks could attack a steppe settlement and withdraw quickly in ten minutes, and the attacked settlement was unable to react at all.
In 1040, the Seljuk forces defeated the most powerful opponent in Central Asia, the Ghaznavids, and the Ghaznavid king Massoud was forced to flee to the Ganges Valley in India, unable to fight back. The Seljuk kingdom was now led by Uncle Berg and was divided into two parts, East and West. Baghdad was now out of Abbasid control and controlled by the Shiite General Ofsusili, the West Seljuk Kingdom targeted Baghdad, and in 1055, When Togloul Burke occupied Baghdad, he immediately told the Abbasid caliph that he had "recovered the land"; in return, the Abbasid caliph conferred the title of "Sultan" on Burke, meaning "the strong ruler of the region", which also marked Burke's becoming the ruler of north-central Iraq. The caliph, on the other hand, married the niece of the Sultan of Burke, and Toglul Burke then bloodily suppressed the rebellion that had arisen in the area, and he died in 1063; Arslan succeeded to the throne, and he came from the eastern Seljuk kingdom, which was once again unified.
At this time, the enemies of the Turkic Seljuk kingdom were only the Byzantine kingdom and Armenia, which was subordinate to Byzantium. In 1071, Arslan began an attack on Edessa in southern Asia Minor, the territory of the Byzantine kingdom, which attempted unsuccessfully to negotiate peace with the Seljuks. The Byzantine king Romanus VI decided to lead his troops to a decisive battle with the Seljuk king Arslan.
In August, Romanus VI led an army of 40,000 into Manziket, a desolate land with hills to the north and narrow plains to the south. Romanus VI's rule was not strong, and he brought his political enemy general Andrew Nigus with him, and arranged his troops into two fronts, the front of the forward troops and the line of the reserve troops, with hundreds of meters of space between the positions of the two troops; the Turkic Seljuks attacked from the hills in the north, and their cavalry of 10 men harassed the Byzantine troops. After a day of confrontation, Romanus VI decided to retreat because the other side did not engage him head-on, and if he did not fight, it would affect his prestige among the soldiers; he asked the flag soldiers to retreat to the left flank of the forward front, but Romanus VI made a huge mistake, before the battle he had told all his generals that he would not retreat unless he was killed by the Turks.
The left-wing forces thought the emperor was dead and began to flee. Arslan took the opportunity to launch an attack and completely defeated the Byzantine army, and he captured Romanus VI, but the talks between the two were peaceful. Romanus VI signed a peace agreement with Arslan, but in September Romanus VI wanted to return to Byzantium, but was killed by the new Byzantine king.
Arslan died in 1072, and the empire he established subsequently became the most powerful empire in West and Central Asia, in a sense, the Abbasid dynasty was nothing more than a symbolic imperial court respected by the Turkic empire, the Seljuk Empire began to absorb Arab and Byzantine cultures; by 1200 years later, the Seljuk Empire began to be divided by the domestic princes, but the Turkic influence was no longer resisted, and they eventually built a new empire in Turkey. The foundations of this empire were laid by Arslan at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.
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