Genghis Khan, whose original name was Boer Jin Temujin, the founder of the Mongol State and the greatest legend of the Golden Family, led the Mongol cavalry to beat the Jin Kingdom to only half of the country, reducing the Western Xia to vassals as Chennagong, swallowing up the Khwarazm Empire, and defeating the combined forces of Chincha and Russia.
Genghis Khan conquered Eurasia and laid the foundation for the rise of the Mongol Empire, and his grandson Kublai Khan established the "Great Yuan Empire" and declared himself emperor of China, so should Genghis Khan be the Chinese? The author takes you to analyze the reasons for the "Chinese" between the Qing Dynasty and Genghis Khan.
Genghis Khan
Mongolian origins with the recognition of The Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang
Genghis Khan was a Chinese, and the world often claims to have two ironclad evidences: that is, the Mongols originated in the Erguna River Valley and were recognized by zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, for the legitimacy of the regime.
The discussion of the origin of Mongolia is usually taken from the Old Book of Tang and the Khitan Guozhi, but the Old Book of Tang was compiled by Liu Xun of the Jin Dynasty five generations later, and the Khitan Guozhi was compiled by Ye Longli of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the two dynasties did not actually rule the Mongolian region, and the hasty description of the book is not detailed, and it is slightly insufficient for empirical evidence.
Successive dynasties have had the custom of posthumously sealing ancestors, such as Cao Wei honoring the eunuch Cao Teng as Emperor Gao, such as Li Tang honoring the Northern Zhou general Li Hu as Emperor Jing, such as the Qing Dynasty Zunta Keshi as Emperor Xuan of Xianzu, etc. These posthumous emperors are not directly related to the establishment of the dynasty, and are only honored by the heirs of the dynasty, and cannot be recognized by historians, so as not to cause historical confusion.
By analogy, the "Secret History of Mongolia", which is regarded as a historical material, is only a literary masterpiece of the Mongolian ethnic group containing history, recording that the Bo'er Only Jin family, crossing the Tengji sishui to the source of the Hunan River, even if it originated in Inner Mongolia, according to the immigration algorithm, several generations of reproduction for more than a hundred years, the birth nationality defaults to the local country.
Through historical records and actual exploration, Chinese and foreign scholars have confirmed that Temujin was born in the Hunan River Valley, established Mongolia at the source of the Huonan River, and externally also took the title of the Lord of Mongolia, accepted worship and tribute from all sides, even if he also conquered dozens of countries, the descendants of tens of millions of ethnic groups, and the international tendency of Temujin to be a Mongolian.
The Mongol Empire during Temujin's time
Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, did praise Genghis Khan's great achievements and the legitimacy of the "Great Yuan" regime, but he could not take it out of context and regard Genghis Khan as a Chinese.
In ancient feudal farming, population mobility was relatively weak, the Liao state occupied the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, and the Jin state divided the north of the Huai River, so that the Han people recognized the rule of ethnic minorities, and also helped Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, to defeat Ali Buge to seize the Khan's throne.
In 1276, the Yuan army captured the southern Song capital Lin'an, Empress Xie and the Southern Song Emperor Zhao Xian surrendered, and the Yuan Empire completed the handover with the Southern Song Dynasty, governing the whole country in terms of legal system, and crushing the determination of the Southern Song subjects to resist at the Battle of Yashan.
The Yuan Empire established by the Mongols did not have a so-called racial system, the Mongols were poor and poor, the Han landlords also had high powers, and the Northern Han people had weak political superiority.
When Zhu Yuanzhang launched the Northern Expedition, the Yu Zhongyuan Zhongyuan Tan proposed to "expel Hu Yu, restore China, establish a discipline Chen Gang, and relieve the Si people", Xu Da quickly captured the Yuan capital, but did not win the support of the northern Han people, and the Northern Yuan regime and the Ming Dynasty had a long confrontation in the northwest and northeast.
After the Ming Dynasty seized Tibet and Yunnan by force, the Legal System of the Yuan Empire must be recognized for the areas dominated by ethnic minorities in order to show the legitimacy of the Ming Dynasty.
The same is true of the Han people in the north, the relaxed development environment of the Yuan Empire, so that Confucianism and Taoism can be spread, eliminate the resistance of northern intellectuals, and accelerate the integration of the entire country, is a clever political means.
Territory of the Ming Dynasty
Mongol military power was the foundation of Qing rule
When it comes to the Qing Dynasty, you can always think of the Eight Banners, but when the Qing army entered the customs in 1644 AD, the so-called "Eight Banners" were divided into three parts: the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of the Han Army and the Eight Banners of Mongolia, and these 140,000 "Eight Banners" soldiers and horses were far from enough to win the Central Plains.
The regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dolgun, adopted a strategy of killing two birds with one stone, successively recruited troops from southern Mongolia and Korea to help the army, and cooperated with the Ming Dynasty to attack the city, weaken the forces that threatened the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and preserve the military strength of the Eight Banners of the Qing Army.
In addition to the southern Mongolia, there are two major forces in the northern Khalkha Mongolia and the Moxi Weilat Mongols, when the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was busy with the "Rebellion of the Three Domains", the Dzungar nobleman Gardan seized the Khan's throne, and in the twenty-seventh year of kangxi (1688 AD), Kaldan conquered the Khalkha Mongols, and then invaded the southern Mongolia.
The Kangxi Emperor was too aware of the strength of the Mongols, so he could not tolerate the expansion of Kaldan, and led his army three times to personally conquer and win the Battles of Ulanbutong and Zhaomodo, but failed to eliminate the threat of the Dzungar Khanate, and the Qing Dynasty fought a long war with the Dzungars in the northwest.
Until the 20th year of Qianlong (1755 AD) Dzungar civil unrest, the Qing army, under the advice of Amir Sana, raided Ili to destroy the Dzungar Khanate, and in the 27th year of Qianlong (1762 AD), the Ili general was set up to govern Xinjiang affairs, and all the Mongol departments submitted to the Qing Dynasty, becoming the strongest defense line in the northern part of the Qing Dynasty.
Qing Dynasty and Dzungar Khanate
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners of Manchuria were embarrassingly reused, and when the Taiping Rebellion broke out, the Eight Banners and the Green Camp of the Qing Dynasty were defeated, the southeast half of the wall was lost in a short period of time, and the financial taxes of the Qing Dynasty were almost cut off, and finally the Han landlord class was used to suppress the Taiping Army, and the bottom card of the Qing Dynasty was the powerful Mongol cavalry.
In the Xianfeng Decade (1860 AD), the Anglo-French coalition army marched to Beijing, and Senggelinqin led 10,000 Mongol cavalrymen to launch a charge against the coalition army at bali bridge with the spirit of not fearing death, and the battle ended in a fiasco, but announced to the world the tenacity and heroism of the Mongol cavalry, and they would be safe and sound in the Qing Dynasty.
The reason why the Mongol generals were loyal to the Qing Dynasty should start from emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, who and the Mongol king pacted as brothers, and strengthened blood ties with each other; the Shunzhi Emperor sealed the living Buddhas in Tibet and promoted the spread of the Yellow Religion in Mongolia; the Kangxi Emperor helped Mongolia resist foreign enemies, and three eastern tours rewarded the Mongol princes; during the Qianlong period, he revised the history of Mongolia and compiled books such as "The Origin of The King's Ding Mongolia".
The more the Qing Dynasty declined, the more it strengthened its relationship with Mongolia, after the Western Affairs Movement, Jingshi Tongwenguan taught geography and history, mainly Mongolia and the Qing Dynasty, Genghis Khan was portrayed as a hero of China, so that Mr. Lu Xun published "CasualLy Flipping" in 1934, recalling the contents of the private school full of ridicule.
"Casual Translation": The Mongol conquest of 'Choros', the invasion of Huns and Austria, before the conquest of all of China, at that time Genghis Khan was not our Khan, but the Russians were more qualified to be enslaved than us, and they should say 'Our Genghis Khan conquered China.'
The Mongols swore to the death for the Qing Dynasty, and when the Anglo-French coalition army withdrew from Beijing, the monk Gelinqin commanded the army to suppress the Twist army and eventually died on the battlefield; and Nayantu, the Prince of Zasak, encouraged the Mongols to set up industries on the border, even after the Wuchang Uprising, they still supported the Qing Emperor.
Lu Xun
Summary: Although Genghis Khan was not a Chinese, he represented the enterprising spirit of the Mongols
The monarch of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor of the feudal dynasty, also served as the khan of all Mongolia; the Qing Dynasty beautified Genghis Khan, realized the binding of Manchu Qing and Mongolian interests, used the property economy of the Central Plains to contain Mongolia, and shocked the Central Plains with Mongolian military strength.
But with the improvement of scientific research, the lies have long been punctured. Genghis Khan, from his birth background to his founding exploits, did not belong to the Central Plains regime in the thirteenth century; the mystery of his death has not yet been solved, and it is difficult to determine the connection with contemporary China.
Genghis Khan represents the enterprising spirit of the Mongolian people, but it cannot represent the entire ethnic belonging, the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia have maintained exchanges and integration with the Central Plains for generations, and the Mongolian compatriots recognize the motherland, they are the Chinese, and they do not have to compete for the ownership of Genghis Khan at all.