Yu Qian was so evaluated in the "Yu Zhongsu Collection": "The Three Dynasties of the Gregorian Calendar, serving officials for more than thirty years, and being an extremely popular subject... His lonely and loyal festival is even more dangerous, one day after another, when there is a break, the book of the hundred sons of the hundred clans, dabbling in exhaustion, for the literature has a strange atmosphere, and the Lord is reasonable, the poetry is clear and flowing, and the people are contentious to recite it... The poems are all written and written, especially long in the song, every government affairs at noon, dozens of chapters and days, tens of millions of words, not false ideas, waving like a stream, people called the world's wizards cloud. ”
Yu Qian is a famous national hero in ancient Chinese history. After the change of Tumu Fort, Emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qi was captured, and the 500,000 elites of the Ming Dynasty were lost, which can be described as a time of national crisis. The courtiers advocated retreating one after another, but Yu Qian stepped forward and supported Zhu Qiyu, the brother of Zhu Qizhen, to ascend the throne as Emperor Jingtai, and personally deployed the strategy to move south.
In the end, he fought a decisive battle with Walla outside the city of Beijing, and won a victory, known in history as the "Defense Of Beijing". It can be said that Yu Qian played an important role in it, and was an important driving force for the Ming Dynasty to turn the crisis into safety and gradually move towards ZTE. However, when Zhu Qizhen came to power again, he immediately executed Yu Qian, who had the merit of recreating the Ming Dynasty, which made people sigh.
At the time of appointment, the building will fall
Yu Qian, Zi Tingyi, No. The young Yu Qian had a great ambition to take the world as his own responsibility, and in 1421, Yu Qian entered the army in the examination and embarked on a career path.
Yu Qian was an honest and upright official, and his talent was outstanding. In 1426, he suppressed the rebellion of Zhu Gaoxi, the king of Han, which was highly appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong; during his tour of Jiangxi, he rehabilitated unjust prisons and eliminated bad government, and was called "god" by the people...
It can be seen from all kinds that Yu Qian is a rare clean official and a good official.
In 1449, this was the most severe test since the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Tumu Fort became the tomb of the Central Army of the Ming Dynasty, the "three battalions" of the Ming Army were completely destroyed, countless civilian and military officials were killed, and even Ming Yingzong was taken prisoner and taken hostage.
The leader of the Wallachians wanted Yingzong to open the gates of the border pass, and the army was directly approaching Beijing, and the situation at this time had reached a point of extreme danger, the elite military forces and central institutions of the Ming Dynasty were almost destroyed, and there was no way to resist the enemy, and if they were not careful, the Ming Dynasty would be destroyed.
As a result, the ministers were leaderless, the people were panicked, and many ministers advocated moving south. At this time, Yu Qian, who had just taken up the post of Shangshu of the Military Department, shouted loudly: "Those who advocate moving south will not be spared!" ”。
In one fell swoop, Yu Qian moved south, established a new monarch, and defended Beijing. Under his deployment, the following year Wala was defeated and asked the Ming Dynasty for peace. So Yingzong, who had been a prisoner in Vala for a year, was welcomed back to the capital, but at this time there was already Emperor Jingtai, so Yingzong was given the honorific title of "Emperor Taishang" and lived in the Nangong.
However, Emperor Jingtai's only son died, so the position of crown prince remained vacant. In January 1457, the Jingtai Emperor suddenly fell ill and never recovered. As a result, Emperor Yingzong was welcomed back to the Golden Palace by the imperial historian Xu Youzhen, the eunuch Cao Jixiang, and the Marquis Shi Heng of Wuqing, and once again took control of the imperial government.
Threatens imperial authority
And Yu Qian's downfall and death were not because of anything else, but precisely because he challenged the imperial authority of Zhu Qizhen.
Although Yu Qian allowed Zhu Qizhen to return to Beijing safely, it was kind to him. But for Zhu Qizhen's authority as an emperor, Yu Qian was the opposite.
As we all know, Yu Qian abolished Zhu Qizhen, although what he did at that time was indeed for the sake of the Ming Dynasty and also for the safety of Zhu Qizhen's life. However, Yu Qian's move still challenged Zhu Qizhen's bottom line as an emperor, since ancient times, there was a courtier who did the thing of deposing the emperor, can he get a good ending? Almost none, because no emperor would allow anyone to challenge his authority.
Zhu Qizhen was originally the supreme emperor, but he went through a stage of being captured, deposed, and restored, and even imprisoned by Emperor Jingtai for seven years. During this period, the bitterness, remorse, and humiliation suffered by Zhu Qizhen were undoubtedly unimaginable to ordinary people.
In Zhu Qizhen's heart, Yu Qian was the witness of all this and his psychological shadow. Only by killing Yu Qian can he establish authority for him and save the face of the emperor.
Of course, just for the sake of the emperor's authority and his own face, it was still a bit far-fetched for Yingzong to kill Yu Qian, after all, Yu Qian had already become a "savior" after the defense of Beijing. Behind Yingzong's resolute determination to kill Yu Qian, there are also deep reasons.
The balance of political power weakens the inevitability of the civilian clique
Ming Yingzong was not a man without ambition and opinion, which could be seen from the fact that he had continuously mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops to continuously go south to suppress the Luchuan Toji in the southwest.
As we all know, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was born poor, and the effort spent on national governance after winning the world can be described as enormous. Because he used force to conquer the world, Zhu Yuanzhang could not look at the literati in the past, and the suppression of civilian officials and doctors was even more serious, and the system of factory guards and court staffs implemented could be described as unprecedented.
After the Battle of Tumu fort, it undoubtedly dealt a heavy blow to the military generals and the eunuch clique. The total destruction of the Ming army caused the strength of the military generals to be questioned by many, and the eunuchs were taken advantage of by the civilian officials to obstruct the audio-visual and blind the emperor.
Therefore, through the victory of the defense of Beijing, the civilian official clique proved the strength of the literati and expanded the influence of the civilian official clique, and even the civil officials had the right to speak on the issue of the emperor's existence and abolition.
It was only after Ming Yingzong returned to Beijing that he discovered that the situation was already very unfavorable, and the formerly weak civilian ranks were now very inflated, and even formed a political force that threatened the imperial power.
As a result, Emperor Ming Yingzong joined forces with the eunuch and the military general clique, and with the cooperation of the three parties, the civilian official clique suffered a huge blow. As the center of the civilian official clique, Yu Qian naturally had to be killed, so that the later change of seizing the door occurred.
Therefore, on the day of Zhu Qizhen's restoration, he ordered Yu Qian to be imprisoned. Zhu Qizhen also changed the era name after his restoration to "Tianshun", which means that the restoration is "in accordance with providence".
brief summary
Undoubtedly, the defense of Beijing has an irreplaceable significance in the history of the Ming Dynasty, and it is the victory of the Beijing defense war that did not put the city of Beijing into a passive situation and successfully preserved half of the Ming Dynasty.
However, for Ming Yingzong, Yu Qian ignored his self-esteem and majesty as an emperor, whether it was the resolute establishment of a new monarch in spite of his posthumous hands; or the growth and intervention of the civilian official clique headed by Yu Qian, which made Emperor Yingzong know that Yu Qian was wronged but still put him to death.
For Qian, in his lifetime, he only knew how to seek the country and did not know how to seek his own life, and he loyally served the country, serving the people of the world and the whole country, not a certain emperor. It is precisely because of this that Yu Qian can be a well-deserved national hero.
Reference: Yu Zhongsu Collection
The picture comes from the network, if there is infringement, contact to delete!