The Qing court officials revised the "History of Ming" and evaluated the Ming Empire as having the reputation of "ruling the Tang and Song Dynasties" and "yuanmai Han and Tang Dynasties".
However, the Ming Empire, the Central Plains Empire with the closest history in China, eventually collapsed in successive years of natural and man-made disasters, internal and external troubles.
The mysterious and rapid end of the Ming Empire, the History of the Ming Dynasty has several stereotypical answers:
The death of the Ming Dynasty was actually the death of the Divine Sect.
The "History of Ming" commented on several emperors at the end of the Ming Dynasty, who had many regrets about Chongzhen and were not optimistic about the two Ming Emperors, Shenzong and Xizong.
Later generations adopted the "History of Ming", and this habit has continued to this day, and it is popular in novels and film and television dramas.
During the Wanli period of emperor Mingshenzong, many sources recorded that the Donglin Party, Xuandang, Kun Party, Qi Party, Zhejiang Party and other literati parties controlled the government of the dynasty, played games with each other, and fell endlessly.
Of course, the death of Ming and the death of the Divine Sect can certainly be regarded as a basis. However, Ming Dynasty also had the biggest black cauldron, which was carried by Wei Zhongxian to this day.
There are no good people in the castration party, and the historians have spoken in a common way that makes everyone so accustomed to it.
But is the history book the truth?
Since the Northern Wei Dynasty Cui Hao pioneered the era of obscene history, the official revision history books have always been unclear and unclear for posterity to leave a refined aftertaste. The same was true at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Mingshenzong, the first assistant cabinet system of the Ming Empire was more perfect, with both Chinese and foreign Qi'an and Hainei Yinfu's "Wanli Zhongxing".
During this period, Emperor Myeongjin did not go to the court for many years, but there was no eunuch rebellion, foreign relatives interfering in the government, and power subjects threatening the government.
On the contrary, because of the unprecedented relaxation of the internal affairs of the Ming Dynasty, imperial culture, science and technology, handicrafts, industry and mining, smelting, foundry, and construction have developed in an all-round and unprecedented way.
The current history textbooks have some records of the emergence of the bud of capitalism at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but they follow the habit of the "History of the Ming Dynasty" and do not explain the reasons for the so-called budding of capitalism at that time.
In addition, during the mingshen sect's boycott of the dynasty, there were also major crisis events such as the Japanese army's attack on Korea, the Jurchen invasion of Liaodong, and the shuk case.
In particular, the changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the great defeat of the Ming Empire, the fall of Kaiyuan and Tieling, the earthquake in Gyeonggi and so on.
Even so, during the Wanli years, the foundation of the Ming Dynasty was still stable, and the empire was not fatally chaotic.
After the Mingshen Sect, it was the Mingguang Sect that concocted the three strange cases of the late Ming Dynasty, the Red Pill Case, and the Palace Transfer Case. He reigned for one month, that is, his legs were upturned, and naturally Emperor Mingxi should ascend the throne.
As a result, Wei Zhongxian, who was deeply trusted by Emperor Mingxi, came to the throne.
Wei Zhongxian really had power in the opposition.
However, Wei Zhongxian, as a eunuch, undoubtedly derived his power from the authorization of Emperor Ming xi himself under the imperial court system of the first auxiliary cabinet of the Ming Empire.
—— Through the winding depictions and rumors in the "History of Ming", it is said that at that time, posterity knew Wei Zhongxian but did not know mingxi emperor Zhu You.
The East Factory and West Factory controlled by Wei Zhongxian were also intelligence agencies directly under the emperor, not the places where eunuchs in martial arts film and television dramas specifically persecuted Qing officials.
Later, Fang Bao's famous article "Zuo Zhongyi Gong anecdote" once shaped the moral perfection of Zuo Guangdou.
This article is widely known, Zuo Guangdou, as the representative of the Donglin Party, fought against the evil forces Wei Zhongxian, and even made the children who read history in the textbooks hate Wei Zhongxian infinitely.
However, Zuo Guangdou's death was tragic, but he also had the right to fight cause and effect. Before Chongzhen, the Donglin party was indeed not a favorite role of the emperors at the end of the Ming Empire.
Of the four emperors at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Mingguangzong reigned for only one month and naturally had no political achievements.
In addition, the Manchu Qing and internal stability that were able to rise in foreign wars for many years of natural disasters, compared with Chongzhen, who later defeated the Ming Empire, Chongzhen's grandfather Ming Shenzong and brother Ming Xizong were more means.
Emperor Myeongshin abandoned Zhang Juzheng's focus on the reform of the traditional agricultural tax system, replaced the traditional land endowment with the collection of mineral tax and silver, and increased the internal treasury.
The throne passed to Emperor Mingxi, and in view of the fact that the former imperial literati party group controlled the government and resisted the new source of taxation, Emperor Mingxi simply authorized Wei Zhongxian to take a step forward.
Objectively speaking, Wei Zhongxian at that time was also an important figure committed to reform.
For the first time, the Ming Empire abandoned open source in the field of traditional agricultural taxes in China, directly established a mining supervision system, and turned to opening up various new commercial taxes, salt taxes and land taxes.
These proceeds were personally controlled by Eunuchs such as Wei Zhongxian and were directly incorporated into the internal treasury without going through the cabinet.
Later, the "History of Ming" borrowed the comments of the bureaucrats of the literati community at that time, and identified the tax reform at the end of the Ming Empire as the first major evil government at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
Nowadays, people who read and believe in history are more adept at imagining that the eunuchs were amassing wealth and corruption.
However, although the eunuchs amassed wealth and corruption, compared with the defense of Liaodong, the eunuchs' wealth collection and corruption were indeed not the main reasons for the financial collapse in the late Ming Dynasty.
At that time, Shangshu Hubu, who was in charge of the national finance, was particularly emotional:
Even if the East Slave loves the long nest, he will not leave a arrow to the west, and my world has already sat down.
——Since we are sitting down, how should we live our lives?
The annual financial gap is like the ant nest of the magnificent dam of the Ming Empire, and the meat replenishment to maintain the stability of the chasing empire is precisely by relying on the rich neiku neishuai.
The crisis continued, and it was precisely because Emperor Mingshen and Emperor Xi used neiku nei to raise troops to relieve disasters, and only in the midst of natural disasters and man-made disasters and internal troubles did they survive until the Chongzhen Emperor changed his throne.
Therefore, Ming Yizong Chongzhen appeared.
At this moment, because of the establishment of the mining supervision system and the opening of various new commercial taxes, salt taxes and land taxes, the Ming Dynasty literati party group, which was hurt by different weights, put aside its differences and united.
On the cusp of the storm, Wei Zhongxian, who had been granted power by Emperor Mingxi, was already a public enemy of the Ming Dynasty's literati party.
Without formal procedures such as registration and study, Chongzhen, who had hastily inherited the throne, was sandwiched between the Wei Zhongxian clique and the forces of the literati community, and the situation was indeed embarrassing.
For the sake of legitimacy in Taoism and legality, Chongzhen tragically turned to public opinion representing orthodox Confucianism.
Chongzhen stood with the literati party group consisting of the Donglin Party, xuandang, Kun party, Qi party, Zhejiang party, and other literati parties, and decisively killed Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch leader who spoke on behalf of the master and acted on behalf of the master.
Originally, it was just a cow knife to kill chickens, but the result was full of chicken feathers.
Chongzhen saw himself too much as a Ming Jun.
Under the flattery of those civil officials who were too literate and non-conforming, the ambitious Chongzhen did not want to bear the consequences in the illusory dream of the Ming Emperor.
He truly regarded Wei Zhongxian and his gang as his mortal enemy, and even more regarded Wei Zhongxian as a sacrifice for laying the foundation of imperial power.
Therefore, under the guidance of public opinion of the literati party group, the Wei castration party was criticized in an all-round way inside and outside the government and the public.
Speaking on behalf of the master, acting on behalf of the master's power, Wei Zhongxian naturally had bad deeds of torturing and killing officials, squeezing the cabinet, undermining the order of the Ming court, and causing chaos in the government.
However, Chongzhen overcorrected in purging the Wei castration party, and expanded the crackdown indefinitely with the "kingd the reverse case", from the top level of the Wei castration party to a wider range of suspected party members.
Undoubtedly, Chongzhen's purge and expansion of the Wei castration party was certainly a fatal blow to the stability of the Ming Empire in internal and external troubles.
In the end, Chongzhen won the false name of "Heroic Lord". However, as the Wei castration party stinked the street, the forces that should have belonged to the emperor disappeared with it.
At this moment, the Chongzhen Emperor's holy will was out of the city of Beijing, and it was almost ineffective.
Since the fall of the Shinjong, the balance of power between the imperial power and the Ming court cabinet has been seriously disturbed.
After several years in power and hastily running out of the former imperial treasury, Chongzhen fell into an even more embarrassing situation without any source of income.
The emperor was worried about the lack of use of the country.
Seeing that the civil officials of the various factions of the literati party group controlled the government, the Chongzhen Emperor exhausted his prestige, but he could not restore the newly opened tax sources during the Ming Shenzong and Ming Xizong periods.
It is conceivable that even if the talent is talented, it is difficult to cook without rice.
As a result, due to differences in fiscal and taxation policies, the game between the imperial power and the cabinet has completely entered a hostile situation.
The imperial authority suppressed, the group of subjects protected themselves, and Chongzhen was impatient, and completely became blind to governing the country.
——If we understand the tense and antagonistic relationship between the Ming dynasty and the emperors at that time, we can understand that the reason why chongzhen who is diligent in government is actually more unspeakable.
The literati sympathetic to the literati party group scolded Chongzhen for being mean and unkind, and when Chongzhen was in a deep crisis, he was even more angry and scolded the courtiers for misleading the country and being incompetent.
Tianwei was furious, not only scolding, but also killing after scolding.
When Chongzhen came to power, the Ming court cabinet changed nearly fifty people, and countless ming court military generals were killed and deposed. It is conceivable that the contradiction between the monarch and the subject is becoming increasingly acute.
On April 25, 1644, Li Chuang's ragtag crowd actually went to Beijing in response to the heavens.
Although the novel film and television portrayed Li Chuang as a hero, at that time, as a rogue, if Li Chuang wanted to break through Beijing, it was indeed a miracle.
However, after the bureaucrats of the literati community dispersed, the courtiers, military generals, and eunuchs who guarded the city rushed to open the city gates.
Chongzhen could only commit suicide and martyrdom.
At that time, Li Chuang saw the body of Chongzhen, the dragon robe was densely packed with patches, searching the Beijing Imperial Palace, and Li Chuang only found 200,000 taels of silver.
If the Ming Empire is in place, the treasury is even more empty.
When you are a thief, you are naturally greedy for money.
Li Chuang began to torture those who bent their knees in an attempt to surrender from the Dragon Ming Dynasty literati bureaucrats, and in a short period of time, they received 20 million taels of silver.
Who died in the Ming Empire?
Rush away from the moral high ground, stir up words, and point out the country.
During the late Ming Dynasty, the bureaucrats of the literati community actually controlled public opinion.
Unfortunately, until the situation was already out of control, the gonggong princes would only sit back and talk about the great righteousness and empty morality about the rise and fall of their homeland and even the safety of their country.
Some make money, some make money – the Ming Empire's literati socialist party bureaucrats talk only for profit.
Li broke into Beijing, and they knelt down and surrendered.
The Manchu Qing entered Beijing, and they continued to kneel and surrender.
Even when they arrived at Jiangnan Junxing, they were crowded in the Southern Ming Court, and they still had no good strategy to resist, but they were constantly rolling.
Finally, when the Southern Ming Dynasty was suppressed by the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Qing unified the country and the mountains, and changed an emperor, the same group of them who were related to the survival of the world, nothing more than shaved their foreheads, wore pigtails and pigtails, and then returned to the Beijing temple, changing the soup without changing the medicine, as usual.
Thus, history once again moved towards the moral high ground and began to continue a new round of rushing.
In the Manchu Qing Dynasty, in fact, it was nothing more than that.
In this way, the Manchu Daoguang Emperor had the opportunity to hear the cannon fire of the Opium War of 1840.
Ming death, who do you blame?!
That winter, the sky was full of snow and snow, just ask, or there was a snowflake ice and jade?