Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang slashed the White Snake Rebellion and destroyed Xiang Yu on all sides; Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to open the Silk Road and attack the Xiongnu in the north to seal the wolf Juxu; Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing rested and recuperated, ruled by doing nothing, and worked together to create the "rule of Wenjing".
These are all well-known stories, and many people even think that the peak of the Western Han Dynasty was during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when Wei Qinghuo went to illness and broke the Xiongnu.
But this is not the case, the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty was actually the han Xuan emperor period, when he reigned for the first time China included the western region into the territory, the establishment of the western region capital protectorate, known in history as "the rule of filial piety" or "filial piety in the rise". As a result, Liu Que became one of the four emperors with temple names during the Western Han Dynasty, known in history as "Zhongzong", that is, the lord of Zhongxing.
Liu Qing, also known as Liu Yiji, was the grandson of Liu Zhao, the Crown Prince.
In 91 BC, in the second year of Zhenghe, the famous "Scourge of witchcraft" occurred in the late reign of Emperor Wu of Han - Liu Zhi, the crown prince of Wu, was falsely accused of adultery and rebelled, resulting in the suicide of empress Wei Zifu, the suicide of the prince, the murder of the prince's entire family, and the infant grandson Liu Yuan, who was still in infancy, was sent to prison.
It may be that heaven pitied this infant Dragon Sun Liu Qian, and the upright former court supervisor Ying Ji could not bear the suffering of innocent children, so he let the female prisoners Hu Group and Guo Zhengqing be responsible for feeding. Later, After five years in prison, Liu Yuan, with the help of Bing Ji, was sent to be raised by his grandmother Shi Liangdi.
In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of Han died, leaving a testament, recognizing Liu Que's imperial status, entering it into the royal genealogy, and adopting him in yeting.
In 85 BC, Huo Guangzun sent liu que who was in exile to the court, and Liu Qing was officially recognized by the Han dynasty.
Although Liu Xiang suffered from human ills since he was a child, from prison to Shi Jia to Ye Ting, there were people who sent warmth to Liu Que in every period, Andi Ji defended him until he was released from prison, and Shi Jia treated him like a parent, and Ye Ting ordered Zhang He to take out private money for him to study and organize a wedding for him. This played a very key role in the character cultivation of the young Liu Yuan, making him feel the suffering of the world from an early age, but he did not lose his heart, so after becoming emperor, he was able to observe the people's feelings and care for the people.
This was both The luck of Liu Yuan, and the luck of the entire Han Empire.
In 74 BC, Liu He, the former king of Changyi, was deposed by Huo Guang for "absurdity and immorality, loss of imperial courtesy, and chaotic Han system", and Liu Qing, who was only 18 years old, succeeded to the throne. At that time, no one would have thought that Liu Yuan, who had once been a migrant and had no foundation in the court, could eliminate Huo Guang's forces in his later imperial career, get rid of the puppet fate, pacify the Xiongnu, break the Western Qiang, and achieve immortal greatness.
In 68 BC, the sixth year after Liu Guang ascended the throne, Huo Guang died, and Liu Guang, who had been a puppet emperor for 6 years, finally saw the hope of pro-government.
The Huo family did not have Huo Guang, an old and spicy political master, and was gradually deprived of real power by Liu Que's series of operations, and it was impossible to resist Liu Que's all-round seizure of power. Finally, the Huo family forces that occupied the Western Han Dynasty and the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty were uprooted, and the Han Xuan Emperor Liu Qian completely established his ruling position.
Surrender to the Huns
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although the Battle of Mobei, the Xiongnu were defeated, laying the pattern of the Han strong and the Huns were weak, but the Xiongnu did not submit, the two major powers competed, in essence, they were both defeated and injured, especially with the death of famous generals such as Wei Qinghuo to go ill, and in the later period of the Han Wu Emperor, the people of the Han Dynasty withered, and the battle against the Xiongnu was also defeated.
In the second year of Emperor Xuan of Han (that is, in 72 BC), the Han Dynasty sent more than 160,000 cavalry to attack the Xiongnu in five ways, which is the highest cavalry in the two Han Dynasties, and at the same time restrained 50,000 Wusun cavalry, attacking on both sides.
Although the Xiongnu did not win much due to the excessive strength of the Han army, the Wusun cavalry led by Chang Hui gained a lot, beheading tens of thousands of Xiongnu, capturing 50,000, and countless cattle and sheep and other materials.
After that, the Xiongnu not only faced harassment from other steppe peoples, but also continued to cause civil strife under the instigation of Liu Qian, the Emperor of Han Xuan, and their national strength gradually declined.
In 60 BC, the Japanese king Xianxian Shan led tens of thousands of people to surrender to the Han Dynasty, and in 51 BC, Hu Han Evil Dan bowed to Emperor Xuan of Han in Prince Chang'an, and "Xiongnu Money Sai and Shan Yu Lai Dynasty" became a major event during the han Xuan Emperor's period.
Established the Western Regions Capital Protectorate
As the second battlefield of the Han-Hungarian struggle, the Western Regions were originally the sphere of influence of the Xiongnu, and with the defeat of the Xiongnu during the Han Wudi Period, the Tongxi Regions, and the Destruction of Dawan, the Han Dynasty's forces gradually extended to the Western Regions, and the two sides engaged in a long-term tug-of-war, and the western region countries swayed between the two great powers of Han and Hungary.
During the period of Emperor Xuan of Han, the national strength of the Han Dynasty gradually suppressed the Xiongnu, especially in 68 BC, Zheng Ji led an army to attack the Cheshi State, threatening the Western Regions states, coupled with the Daily King leading his troops to surrender to the Han, the Western Regions states did not dare to disobey the Han orders from then on, and in the same year, Zheng Ji set up the Western Regions Capital Protectorate with the Western Regions as the center, which was also the first time that Chinese civilization brought the Western Regions into the actual jurisdiction.
Open a constant close position
As early as the Warring States period, Li Wu had already proposed the concept of "Changping", and the Pinghuai Law was established during the Han Wudi period to stabilize prices.
By the time of Emperor Xuan of Han, the Han Dynasty had recovered its former strength from the decline of the late Han Wu Emperor, and the accumulation of materials was enough to support this huge plan.
In 54 BC, The Great Si Nongzhong Geng Shouchang advised geng shouchang to establish ChangpingCang, and the Han Xuan Emperor Liu Qing ordered Geng Shouchang to preside over the establishment of Changpingcang. The establishment of Changpingcang not only represents that the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty was extremely prosperous during the period of Emperor Xuan of Han, but also has great benefits for stabilizing the country, not only avoiding the valley from hurting the peasants, but also avoiding the valley from hurting the people.
Promulgation of the Chronicle of History
Although the "Records of History" was written during the period of Emperor Wu of Han, at that time, because Sima Qian was sentenced by Emperor Wu to be punished by the palace, it was not promulgated during the period of Emperor Wu of Han, and it was not until the time of Emperor Xuan of Han that this historical masterpiece was widely disseminated.
During the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han, the Hainei River Qing, the dynasty was clear, and the Han Dynasty once again entered its heyday.
Yang Yun, the grandson of Ma Qian of the Taishi Company, was given the title of Marquis of Pingtong because of his meritorious efforts in suppressing the internal strife of the Huo clan, and the conditions for the public promulgation of the "Shi Ji" were ripe at this time, and Emperor Xuan of Han's style of being lenient and concise and strictly enforcing the law made Yang Yun no longer worried that the public dissemination of the "Shi Ji" would bring about the disaster of killing himself, and the "Shi Ji" was re-published, thus avoiding the extinction of this "masterpiece of historians" in the long river of history.
During the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han, Liu Qing was almost flawless, worthy of the foundation of the Han family, worthy of the world's cangsheng, not disgraced in the name of the emperor, and not worthy of the wife of the chaff on the inside, and could be called the most perfect emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
As an emperor, he calmed down civil unrest, ruled officials, broke foreign enemies, consolidated national defense, fulfilled Han Wu's wishes, suppressed the Xiongnu, pacified the western region, and achieved immortal achievements.
His Dinghu monument" reads, "All the sun and the moon shine, all are Han soil, and all rivers and rivers are Han Chen", proclaiming to the world that the strong Han is proud to stand in the world.
References: Book of Han, Zizhi Tongjian, etc