First, Liu Bei was very clear about Zhuge Liang's trust
The most famous entrustment during the Three Kingdoms period was Liu Bei's entrustment to Zhuge Liang. Through this entrustment, Zhuge Liang became the first assistant and powerful subject of Shu Han, and also became the formulator and executor of Shu Han's policies, to put it bluntly, in addition to not having the nominal emperor's throne, Zhuge Liang was actually exercising the power of emperor. Liu Bei also explained that he could assist his son Ah Dou, and he really thought that Liu Adou could not afford to support him, and Zhuge Liang could shake off his arms and do it himself.
Therefore, the entrustment that Zhuge Liang received from Liu Bei was a very clear and reciprocal account of rights and responsibilities, the responsibility was to do things for the revival of the Han dynasty of Shu Han, and the right was to manage all the affairs of Shu Han.
In addition, there is also a trust, that is, Liu Biao's entrustment to Liu Bei before his death.
Second, Liu Biao's two statements about Liu Bei's entrustment
There are currently two theories about what Liu Bei has entrusted to Liu Bei:
1. The theory of the trust country
In the Book of Wei, it is recorded that Liu Biao was" to Liu Bei.
Trust
”。 Liu Biao told Liu Bei very clearly that after his death, the whole of Jingzhou belonged to Liu Bei.
Liu Biao's entrustment was much more violent than Liu Bei's entrustment to Zhuge Liang, and he did not leave any family property for his son at all, all of which belonged to Liu Bei.
2. The theory of loneliness
In the "Spring and Autumn of the Han Wei Dynasty", when Liu Bei's men advised Liu Bei to capture Liu Chun, Liu Bei said that Liu Biao had been with him
"Orphans"
That is, entrusting his two sons to Liu Bei's care.
Liu Biao's entrustment shows that he only let Liu Bei assist his two sons, and did not let Liu Bei be the boss of Jingzhou. That is to say, the boss of Jingzhou is still Liu Biao's son.
“
"and"
Orphaned
In the end, which kind of credibility, this should be combined with the relationship between Liu Bei and Liu Biao at that time and the external environment.
Iii. What did Liu Biao entrust to Liu Bei?
Liu Bei ran from Yuan Shao to Liu Biao in the sixth year of Jian'an.
The reason why Liu Bei left Yuan Shao was mainly that Yuan Shao had lost to Cao Cao at Guandu the previous year, which made Cao Cao's unification of the north inevitable, which also made Liu Bei have no foothold in the north, and he had to flee south.
Liu Bei has not been able to succeed in starting a business in the struggle for hegemony in the north, he always keeps jumping jobs and clinging to them, almost throwing the northern heroes over and over again, first Gongsun Zhan, then Tao Qian, then Lü Bu, then Cao Cao, and then Yuan Shao. Now that Cao Cao is about to encompass the north, Liu Bei naturally can only go south, and the best choice is Liu Biao in Jingzhou.
The reason why Liu Bei wanted to vote for Liu Biao was because he was related to Liu Biaozong, and Liu Biao was still an ally of Yuan Shao, that is, Liu Bei's ally; second, after Cao Cao unified the north, the next target was Jingzhou, Liu Biao and Cao Cao had a natural contradiction, and Liu Bei could become a force for Liu Biao's unity.
When Liu Bei came to Jingzhou, Liu Biao had been guarding the town of Jingzhou for more than ten years, and he governed Jingzhou in an orderly manner. Compared with the frequent wars in the north, Jingzhou has been peaceful and stable for ten years under the command of Liu Biao, which means that the Jingzhou area is not only rich, but also has a large population. In fact, Liu Biao had thousands of miles of land and an army of more than 100,000, which was much stronger than Cao Cao before the Battle of Guandu.
Liu Bei's feelings about Liu Bei's arrival were very complicated, on the one hand, he was wary of Liu Bei, one of the two heroes in the world (Cao Cao), on the other hand, he really needed Liu Bei. Therefore, Liu Biao's approach is also very understandable, he treats Liu Bei kindly, and the etiquette is not lost, but liu Bei is not allowed to participate in the affairs of Jingzhou, and only uses Liu Bei's strength of ten thousand people to resist Cao Cao.
Liu Biao's approach is not surprising today. The company wants to marginalize someone, and its main means is not to let that person participate in the company's core affairs, including core meetings, and only let him be responsible for parts that are not related to the company's main business, such an arrangement is the best way for the company.
Therefore, Liu Biao asked Liu Bei to take his men and horses to xinye on the northern border to garrison. Xinye and Cao Cao's Nanyang were adjacent, and once Cao Cao moved south, Xinye bore the brunt of it.
Liu Bei is an ambitious person, he is not honest in xinye, but constantly recruit talents, if only some Haojie who have fallen from the north to Jingzhou, but Liu Bei also dug the corner of Liu Biao, so that many Jingzhou Haojie were invested in Liu Bei's command. Liu Bei's behavior made Liu Biao feel nervous, Liu Biao wanted to take Liu Bei in, it was to make him resist Cao Cao, and at this time, Liu Bei's practice made Liu Biao feel uneasy, he thought that with Liu Bei's ability, it was not impossible to strike back at himself and take the opportunity to seize Jingzhou.
Therefore, Liu Biao's attitude towards Liu Bei changed negatively, and he began to have a heart to guard against Liu Bei. Liu Biao knew that his ability was inferior to Liu Bei's, and he was very distressed about how to use Liu Bei. As Cao Cao's adviser Guo Jia said, the burden could never be given to Liu Bei, but the burden given was light, and Liu Bei's role could not be fully utilized. The so-called two evils are lighter than each other, and Liu Biao believes that it is better not to give Liu Bei too heavy a task.
Liu Biao's mentality is like this, he is guarding Against Liu Bei, at least from the current point of view, he has no possibility of "entrusting the country" to Liu Bei.
Liu Biao had a complicated mentality toward Liu Bei, and some of Liu Biao's subordinates had a very clear attitude towards Liu Bei, that is, to get rid of Liu Bei.
Ku Yue and Cai Mao were about to kill Liu Bei at a banquet, and Liu Bei only escaped the disaster by detecting it in advance. Although Liu Bei was almost assassinated by Liu Biao's men, it is certain that such an action must have been a private act of concealing Liu Biao. Because although Liu Biao was guarding against Liu Bei, he also needed Liu Bei very much.
Because it was already a matter of time before Cao Cao's army went south.
Prior to this, Liu Bei had already engaged Cao Cao, and he burned Xiahou Huan and Yu Ban in Bowangpo, temporarily suspending the southward march of Cao Cao's army.
Cao Cao's use of troops to the south exposed his attempts at Jingzhou. Liu Bei and Cao Cao exchanged fire, declaring war on Cao Cao and surrendering their names to Liu Biao. The main enemy Liu Biao faced was Cao Cao, and in order to deal with Cao Cao, he had to use Liu Bei.
Both Ku Yue and Cai Mao were local celebrities in Jingzhou, and they couldn't see Liu Bei's role in Jingzhou? Of course not, they wanted to kill Liu Bei at this time, with only one purpose, that is, once Cao Cao advanced south, they would surrender to Cao Cao.
In the face of Cao Cao's southward advance, a split occurred within Liu Biao, that is, it split into two factions: surrender and resistance. Some people, represented by Ku Yue and Cai Mao, advocated surrendering to Cao, including Liu Biao's step-brother Cai Shi, and his second son Liu Qi, and a part of the people led by Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi advocated resistance, including Wang Wei, Wen Ping, and other generals. Comparatively speaking, Liu Qi's power is in a weak position.
Liu Biao himself rode into Jingzhou alone, and before Cao Cao went south, he had painstakingly operated Jingzhou for nearly twenty years, running Jingzhou for thousands of miles, with sufficient food and grain, and he himself had a great business from single-handedly, so it was impossible to give this territory to others.
Thirteen years after Jian'an, Cao Cao began his southward advance. At this time, Liu Biao was seriously ill, and he knew in his heart that once he died, the surrender forces led by Ku Yue and Cai Mao would definitely turn to Cao Cao, and in order to strengthen the resistance forces led by Liu Qi, he pulled Liu Bei in.
Therefore, when Liu Biao was seriously ill, Liu Bei was the assassin of Jingzhou, which was only the highest military commander of Jingzhou, and Liu Biao did not give up his title of Jingzhou Mu to Liu Bei, which obviously meant that Liu Bei helped his two sons resist Cao Cao and keep Jingzhou, rather than entrust jingzhou to Liu Bei.
Liu Biao's entrustment to Liu Bei is actually "entrusting orphans".
Fourth, what is the effect of Liu Biao's entrustment to Liu Bei?
Although Liu Biao was lonely to Liu Beituo, he also showed that he was at both ends of the first rat, suffering from gain and loss. Because if Liu Biao firmly approved of Liu Bei, he only needed to hand over Jingzhou to Liu Qi, which greatly strengthened the strength of resistance, but Liu Biao handed Jingzhou over to his younger son Liu Qi.
The main reason why Liu Biao handed over Jingzhou to his younger son Liu Chun was widely believed to be that he liked Liu Chun, which was illogical.
If in peacetime, it is very easy to understand that the family property is distributed to the son he likes, but when the family property is faced with being robbed by outsiders, the first problem is to keep the family property, and the preservation of the family property cannot be based on likes and dislikes, but according to ability. Speaking of ability, it is obvious that the eldest son Liu Qi is more capable, not to mention Liu Qi and Liu Bei's support.
When Liu Biao was seriously ill, when Cao Cao's army was moving south, facing that the family property would be taken away by outsiders, how could he divide the family property among the weak sons?
Liu Biao is not stupid, his move is actually a distrust of Liu Bei, because local clans and relatives such as Cai Shi, Cai Mao and Qu Yue are their own people in any case, and Liu Bei is an outsider.
Liu Biao had his own xiaojiujiu, and he came to cover everything, and he handed Over Jingzhou to Liu Qi instead of Liu Qi, because Behind Liu Qi were His own relatives such as Cai Shi, Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, and arranged for the outsider Liu Bei to help resist Cao Cao, while assisting the two princes, so as to ensure that Jingzhou was in the hands of his sons and to keep Jingzhou from being taken by Cao Cao, which could be described as killing two birds with one stone.
Liu Biao's idea is perfect. For Liu Bei, he only had responsibility and no power, and he had the responsibility to resist Cao Cao, not to Jingzhou.
Liu Bei is a generation of tyrants, will you not know, you Liu Biao Xiaojiujiu played well, I am not a big wronged head. As a result, Liu Biao's solitude has become an empty phrase. When Liu Bei was supposed to come forward twice, he chose not to act.
The first time was when Liu Biao was critically ill, Liu Qi returned from Jiangxia to visit, but was stopped by Cai Mao, Zhang Yun, and others. At this time, Liu Bei, who was orphaned by Liu Biao, did not appear, according to common sense, since Liu Bei accepted the orphan, he was the role of the first assistant, as long as he appeared, Cai Mao Zhang Yun and others had to avoid three points, but at this time they could not see Liu Bei's shadow.
Liu Qi also did not look for Liu Bei, the elder who had been entrusted with orphans, and he was going to lead his own troops to attack Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, but Cao Cao's army had already moved south, and Liu Qi had to give up.
Liu Bei's lack naturally did not play Liu Biao's goal of trying to protect Jingzhou, and as a result, Cai Mao and other forces of the Cao faction sat up and surrendered to Cao Cao with Jingzhou.
The second was Liu Chun's surrender. After Liu Chun surrendered to Cao Cao, he greeted Liu Bei, an elder who had been entrusted with loneliness, so that Liu Bei had to hurry south, and when passing through Xiangyang, Liu Chun closed the city gates tightly.
Liu Bei did not make any effort, nor did he listen to the advice of his subordinates to arrest Liu Chun, in fact, his subordinates suggested that Liu Chun be captured and taken to Jiangling, which was in line with Liu Biao's intention of entrusting himself with his deathbed, but Liu Bei finally turned around and left.
These two events show that Liu Bei did not fulfill his duty to accept the orphan, and neither Liu Qi nor Liu Chun regarded Liu Bei as the elder of the father's orphan. The root cause is that Liu Biao's solitude is too clever, so that Liu Bei only has responsibility and no rights.
The reciprocity of power and responsibility is the basis for the success of management affairs. The asymmetry of power and responsibility is also the fundamental reason why Liu Bei ignored Liu Biaotuo's loneliness.
And Liu Biao's lonely little Jiujiu eventually killed his own family, his eldest son Liu Qi fell ill and died, his younger son Liu Qi's mother and son were eventually killed by Cao Cao, and his brother-in-law Cai Mao and nephew Zhang Yun, who wanted to follow Cao Caogan, were also killed by Cao Cao, and his Jingzhou was eventually divided into three pieces by Cao Cao, Sun Quan and Liu Bei.