preface
On September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army in northeast China suddenly attacked Shenyang and invaded and occupied northeast China by force.
The September 18 Incident was the beginning of The Attempt by Japanese Imperialism to conquer China by force. Since then, the Chinese people have begun a 14-year arduous War of Resistance Against Japan.
This is a history that cannot be forgotten!
To this day, Japan's heart to die is still immortal, and it follows the US imperialists in advocating the Theory of the Chinese threat, insists on intervening in the Taiwan Strait issue, and even does not hesitate to intervene by force.
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the outbreak of the 918 Incident, @Fenghua Peerless Xiao'er will relive history with friends from now on, and remember the national shame. In this way, we should encourage Chinese youth in the new era to bear in mind their hearts, work hard to become stronger, be vigilant against Japan's revival of militarism, strive to be "China's new anti-Japanese youth in the 21st century," dare to be the "backbone of the nation," and prevent problems before they occur, so as to avoid the recurrence of historical tragedies.
After the September 18 Incident, the Japanese army slaughtered the Chinese people
sequence
In the fourteen years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the flames of war were entangled in Hunan for seven years.
As if to confirm the saying of a long time ago: "If the Chinese nation is dead, unless the people of Hunan are dead"!
Here, the War of Resistance entered a stalemate; here, the Japanese struggled his last madness; here, six large-scale battles, so that the blood went deep into the land.
The waves crash on the shore, the lonely city fights to the death, sorrow and resistance, pain and awakening, to explore the strength that supported this land in that era, what 30 million Hunan fathers have done and experienced.
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the outbreak of the 918 Incident, @Fenghua Peerless Xiao Xiao group took 18 fragments of memories and opened a magnificent picture of the Hunan War of Resistance - "Use Me to Xiangzhuang River and Mountain".
Hunan, the pain of the Wokou, the gall of China.
The 90th anniversary of the 918 Incident, don't forget the national shame!
With Me A Xiangzhuang River Mountain Chapter 6: The Knife of the Booster
The Japanese launched germ warfare
Changde, since ancient times, has been a military town in the north through Jingxiang and west of Qianchuan. In August 1940, China's Sixth Theater of Operations was proclaimed, with the commander's headquarters located in Essienshi, near Changde. Changde became a strategic location connecting the Sixth and Ninth Theaters.
In November 1941, a secret force of more than 30 people from the infamous Nichiko 731, armed with 36 kilograms of secret weapons --- Plague Bacillus, arrived at the front line.
Naked madness is about to be unleashed on Changde, the junction of the sixth and ninth theaters of war.
In 1941, the deep cold under the black sun - the unforgettable Changde germ warfare
This is the scene filmed in August 2002 at the entrance of the Tokyo High District Court in Japan, a group of emotional Chinese from Changde, Hunan Province, and Yiwu, Zhejiang, who went to Tokyo, Japan, to seek justice for their dead relatives and a statement for world peace and justice.
Their loved ones, the civilians, were killed by the Japanese in an extremely cruel and inhumane way in that war, and the bloody historical truth has been tried to be covered up.
Li Honghua, a victim of germ warfare
"My brother is only 5 years old, and my brother and brother called me and said, my mouth is very dry, I want to eat watermelon..."
"Dead people have black faces and black hands..."
"The first one to die was my sister-in-law, who suddenly collapsed at the door of the toilet and couldn't speak..."
"Ding Longhair has 12 people in the family, 11 died..."
"The dead people in the family did not dare to cry loudly, they could only hum quietly..."
"I crawled out of the pile of dead people..."
Victims of germ warfare
Changde, Hunan
Changde, the hometown of fish and rice in Hunan, hides a wound that touches blood in today's prosperity and tranquility.
Zhang Lizhong, an 89-year-old citizen of Changde, keeps a family portrait from 1938.
This is the only family portrait of the three generations of eight members of the Zhang family.
A family portrait of Zhang Lizhong in 1938
In the photo, the second from left is Zhang Lizhong, who was only 6 years old at the time, and at home, he is the second oldest. The child that his grandmother was holding in her left hand was Zhang Lizhong's fourth brother, Zhang Guomin.
At that time, the Zhang family lived in Changde Gaoshan Street, which was the most prosperous street in Changde at that time, and his father Zhang Jinyan opened a carving shop on the street, the business was prosperous, and the family lived a fairly ordinary life.
In 1938, the Zhang family's quiet life was shattered by the bombs that the Japanese kept dropping.
"In 1938, when Japanese planes took off in Wuhan to bomb the airport in Changde, I was 5 or 6 years old, and at that time I placed 10 corpses at the south gate of Changde, now the Post and Telecommunications Bureau, with a stretcher lifted and tied with a white cloth, I saw. I had a hatred for Japanese people when I was a child, and it has always been deeply imprinted in my mind. ”
In the continuous bombardment, the Zhang family's paving and house became a ruin, but fortunately the family was still safe. Although he lost his livelihood, Zhang Jinyan still sent his eldest son Zhang Lizhong to the academy, hoping that the child would bring some new hope to the family in the future.
A large number of Japanese bombers
On the morning of November 4, 1941, on the sixteenth day of September in the lunar calendar, the sky over Changde City did not usher in the morning light as usual. The night before, a rare fog, wrapped in cold water vapor, gathered over the city.
On this day, Zhang Lizhong got up very early and went to the academy as usual. On the way, Zhang Lizhong heard a strange noise in the air.
Soon, the air raid siren sounded, men, women and children left the house in a panic, some hid in the bomb shelter, and most of them ran out of the city to hide. However, instead of dropping bombs as usual, the plane made a circle around the city.
At an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the Japanese planes flew and scattered some debris.
The air raid sirens were not lifted until 5 p.m., and people returning to the city found that along the guanmiao Street, Chicken Goose Lane and other neighborhoods in the center of the city, there were strangely scattered grains, broken cotton wool, rotten cloth strips and other debris.
Ordinary people are rushing to tell each other, speculating, what is going on? This time, the Japanese plane did not drop bombs, and lost some grains, wheat, cloth strips and other miscellaneous items, I am afraid that I did not have any good intentions!
Houses that were blown up by Japanese aircraft
In the afternoon of the same day, a county government notice was posted in Changde City, reminding the public that the Japanese Kou may have dropped the plague virus in Changde, asking residents to clean up and burn the garbage dropped by the Japanese aircraft.
At the same time, a bag of garbage was rushed to Changde Guangde Hospital for testing.
On the afternoon of this day, Zhang Lizhong heard a very serious admonition from the teacher in the academy.
"The teacher said, don't pick up the things that the Japanese put in, pens, biscuits, don't pick them up, if you pick them up, you will get a virus and you will die."
The Japanese spread plague fleas
Guangde Hospital is a western hospital built in Changde City in 1898 by the American Luo Thanksgiving.
The situation was urgent, and after Tan Xuehua, then vice president of Guangde Hospital, received the airdrops from the enemy plane, he immediately summoned Wang Zhengyu, director of the hospital's inspection room, to conduct a detailed test of the airdrops.
On the fifth day after the devils airdropped the plague, a large number of dead rats began to appear in Changde City, and the place where the rats died the most was in the area of Chicken Goose Lane and The East Gate.
On the seventh day, a 12-year-old girl, Cai Tao'er, was sent to the emergency department of Guangde Hospital due to high fever and shivering.
At 7 o'clock in the morning of the next day, Cai Tao'er's heart began to have intermittent pauses, her breathing became weaker and weaker, and there was more and more melanin on the surface of her skin.
At 8:15 a.m., Cai Tao'er's heartbeat stopped, and it took less than two days from illness to death.
A young life became the first victim of the germ warfare of the Japanese Kou Changde.
Cai Tao'er's case report is now preserved intact in China's Second Historical Archive.
More than 7,000 people died in Changde's germ warfare
At that time, 8-year-old Zhang Lizhong did not understand why the teacher was so serious and serious, and he did not know what kind of disaster the plague that had spread was, but what happened soon after made him remember it for a lifetime.
His two younger brothers, one called Guomin, 3 years old, the other called Guocheng, 5 years old, at the same time high fever, the adults in the family rushed to ask a doctor for treatment. After the doctor diagnosed it, he only said that it was plague, and he could not cure it, so he left.
The scene of two lovely younger brothers shouting for watermelon because of fever is still emerging in front of Zhang Lizhong's eyes.
"Brother, my mouth is very dry, I want to eat watermelon." Zhang Lizhong talked about this past and couldn't help but silently shed tears.
Zhang Lizhong, a survivor of the Changde germ warfare
After November 11, 1941, plague patients were found every day in Changde City, and the number of infected people began to increase day by day.
At this time, Changde had begun to prevent and control the plague, and the government stipulated that once the plague death patients were found, they should be forcibly cremated, which was obviously an unacceptable fact for the people who were accustomed to burial.
The family died because of the plague, in order not to let the chief of the armor find out and go to the cremation, Zhang Lizhong's family did not even dare to cry loudly, and could only watch their relatives leave.
Zhang Lizhong's grandmother cried so much that her eyes were bleeding, and she couldn't save the lives of her two grandchildren. The family quietly smuggled the two petite bodies to the outskirts for burial.
The death of two young grandchildren made Zhang Lizhong's grandmother overly sad and died of illness in the winter of 1942.
Zhang Lizhong's grandfather, Zhang Youyuan, also died of pneumonic plague in September 1943.
In two years, five families died and three houses were burned down.
Zhang Lizhong's father died of illness in the winter of 1944.
"Sometimes when I think of my father and brother, I feel sad, I can't sleep all night, and the hatred for Japanese devils is unforgettable..."
Zhang Lizhong, a victim of germ warfare
In April 1942, the plague epidemic in Changde City reached its peak of its worst, and for a while, Changde became an isolated city, and people talked about "rats" discoloration.
He Yingzhen, the survivor of the victims of changde germ warfare, in the early days of the anti-Japanese war, the family came to Changde from their hometown of Jiangxi to make a living, living in the water lane outside the east gate of Changde, and his father was a Chinese medicine doctor who opened a Chinese medicine shop on the street. Although the family's life is not rich, it is also happy and harmonious.
But one day in late November 1941, He Yingzhen's sister-in-law suddenly fell to the ground while going to the toilet, and this fall never got up again.
The next afternoon, He Yingzhen's sister-in-law died, and the blood was all black.
The Japanese army will give clothing and supplies infected with plague bacteria to Chinese civilians
However, the nightmare did not end, only three days after the death of her sister-in-law, He Yingzhen's second brother-in-law also fell ill, fell to the ground while drying peppers, the symptoms were exactly the same as her sister-in-law, and died the next day.
Two families died within three days, and soon the epidemic prevention team used bamboo splints to isolate He Yingzhen's family.
The family had just been quarantined, and He Yingzhen's 3-year-old brother was also suffering from the plague and died two days later.
Immediately after, her niece, who was 2 and a half years old, and her uncle and uncle, who had come from Jiangxi to visit the sick, also died of plague.
7-year-old He Yingzhen watched 6 close relatives die, but there was nothing he could do.
Until now, when she enters her old age, she will often be awakened by nightmares.
Victim of germ warfare He Yingzhen
Suspicious and fearful of cremation, injections, and dissection, the city's inhabitants fled to the more backward and underserved countryside. However, such a flight caused a large-scale plague epidemic around Changde.
One day in early May 1942, Li Yousheng, who lived in Ma mane Ridge in Taoyuan, suddenly felt a little headache and brain fever when he was purchasing goods in Changde City, and in order to avoid being isolated as a plague patient, he left the city overnight.
Li Yousheng never imagined that he had been infected with pneumonic plague.
This time, he didn't sell back the goods, but he brought back death.
Changde, a city besieged by the plague
Lijiawan, Mamanling Molin Township, Taoyuan County, belongs to the mountainous area, the land is sparsely populated, and villages like this are only about 10 households. Although the armor guards had come to publicize the government's strict prevention of plague, no one cared.
After Li Yousheng returned to the village, pneumonic plague soon broke out in Lijiawan.
From May 10 to 30, in just 20 days, together with Li Yousheng himself, the Li family died in half a month, 16 people died, all buried on the opposite hill, his 20-year-old second son and 16-year-old third son were hastily buried together.
Soon, Li Jiawan was also isolated, and Li Yousheng's eldest grandson, Li Honghua, still remembers this experience vividly.
"I was under house arrest for more than two months, and people from outside were not allowed to come into my house or let us out. At that time, the Kuomintang arrested Zhuang Ding everywhere, and when they passed by our house, Zhuang Ding was no longer needed, and they did not dare to approach us like a plague god. ”
Countless Chinese died like ants
In April 1942, the plague had spread from Changde to Taoyuan, from urban areas to villages, and more than 40 villages and towns around Changde, such as Shigongqiao, Zhendeqiao, and Hangongdu, had become re-occurrence areas.
Every day, I hear the news of the dead, and the dead are also family,000, and some people have died without a single one left.
Shigongqiao Town, 30 kilometers from Changde City, in the town, there is a half-meter-high monument.
This small monument silently tells the story of the disaster, more than a hundred innocent lives, died of the plague.
The families of the victims of the plague in Changde often go to the Shigongqiao Plague Victims Monument to mourn their loved ones.
The elderly Li Lizhi, who lives in Shigongqiao, is a person with a lonely personality and rarely smiles. Only those familiar with her story knew that under the old man's calm eyes, buried was an incurable wound.
Li Lizhi is not a native, she married into the town in 1942 during the plague outbreak in Shigongqiao.
That year, because of the plague, the ding changfa family of six in Shigongqiao town quickly fell under the rat knife of the Japanese Kou. At that time, there was an old custom of Chong Xi in the countryside, and in order to pray that the rest of the people, Ding Xuzhang, were safe and sound, the Ding family decided to quickly marry ding Xuzhang, the eldest son who was still studying.
When the palanquin arrived, Li Lizhi found that the place where she and her husband worshipped was the spiritual hall where their relatives died.
However, what is even more tragic is that Li Lizhi and her husband's marriage has not saved the lives of her husband's family. Less than a week later, five more members of the husband's family died of the plague. In this family, the only surviving Ding Xuzhang, also because the blow was too big, he was depressed all the time and committed suicide soon after.
The germ warfare of the Japanese army invading China was terrible, and the people of Changde could not forget it
Plague, the most contagious and deadly plague, is known as one of the most harmful infectious diseases in human history, and 25 million people died of plague in medieval Europe, accounting for about one-third of the entire European population at that time. They fearfully called the plague the Black Death.
In 1932, the Ishii Unit, named after Shiro Ishii, established a bacteriological experiment factory in a place called Pingfang in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. This secret force is called the Kwantung Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department, a seemingly inexplicable title, but it is a demonic force, and his alias is 731.
731 Devil Troops of the Japanese Army invading China
In the winter of 1940, in order to test its own research results, Unit 731 had thrown the same kind of bacteria by aircraft in Ningbo, Yiwu, Quxian and other places in Zhejiang, which soon caused a plague epidemic.
On September 16 of the following year, the Japanese chief of staff, Sugiyama Moto, issued a mainland command to carry out the "Baohao Operation", and the target of the attack was Directly aimed at Changde. The Japanese army's mainland this time pointed out, strategically, to cut off the ties between China's sixth and ninth theaters and destroy the combat effectiveness of the Chinese military and people. This germ warfare caused tragic damage to the Chinese military and civilians, but in the end their calculations failed.
Photo of the field training of unit 731 of the Japanese army invading China
Changde germ warfare, the devils threw a total of 36 kilograms of "millet", more than 7 times the Ningbo operation, a gram of millet contains more than 1700 plague fleas, 36 kilograms is more than 60 million fleas, based on the number of 60,000 people in Changde at that time, the average person will face 1000 fleas attack.
Bacteria are counted in "kilograms", which is unheard of.
At first, after the Chongqing National Government received an urgent telegram from Changde, it did not know the potentially huge danger, and the effective epidemic prevention measures were delayed in place, and Tan Xuehua, a Changde doctor who was responsible for diagnosing and treating the first patient, was anxious.
In order to make the atrocities of the Japanese Kou public and collect ironclad evidence that the Japanese Kou launched a germ warfare, Tan Xuehua decided to perform an autopsy on Cai Tao'er.
Tan Xuehua, the first person to expose the evil deeds of the Japanese army's "Changde germ warfare"
However, in the folklore of the time, autopsy was a big taboo, but if the dissection could not be completed, the type of bacteria could not be determined and international medical rescue could be won.
For this reason, Tan Xuehua almost knelt down to his family. Finally his sincerity impressed the other party, who agreed to the autopsy.
Tan Xuehua, a newcomer to Yongxin, Jiangxi, died in 1986. He was originally a military doctor during the Northern Expedition and was stationed in Changde with his troops. At the end of the Northern Expedition, he resigned as a major medical officer, was admitted to Xiangya Medical College with excellent results, and worked in Changde Guangde Hospital after graduation. In 1940, Tan Xuehua became the first Chinese vice president since its establishment.
After more than two months of collection and collation, Tan Xuehua risked his life to write a report of more than 10,000 words entitled "The Discovery of Plague in Changde, Hunan Province", to the Chongqing government and released it in major media. This report was later published in the March 1942 Journal of the National Xiangya Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 5.
It was this report that opened the prelude to a great rescue.
Germ warfare is one of the major strategies of the Japanese invasion and expansion
In December 1941, after receiving the report, the Military and Political Department of the National Government of Chongqing, the Department of Health, and the Sixth Theater of the Red Cross Society of China sent regular epidemic prevention troops to rush to Changde from all directions, and international organizations such as the American Red Cross Society and the Canadian Epidemic Prevention Medical Expert Group also began to send technical forces and medical equipment to Changde one after another.
Belix, an Austrian epidemic prevention expert, a name that was originally distant and unfamiliar, is still remembered by the people of Changde to this day.
Group photo of the plague control medical team
Wang Huazhang, a native of Shigongqiao, Changde, was 19 years old when the plague broke out, and he was a buyer for the silk cloth shop in Dadechang in the town. At that time, I heard that some people in the Ding family in the town had died of illness one after another, and Wang Huazhang, who did not know that it was plague, decided to visit.
However, this visit, I was also infected.
Due to the timely delivery of treatment, Wang Huazhang was lucky to escape from the hands of the god of death.
"3 injections, 7 days of white and green pills, 3 times a day, 6 at a time. After a week my condition eased. Now I have to thank Boris for saving my life, so that I can live to this day! ”
Chen Wengui, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, treats plague
After paying a huge price, Changde began the county's epidemic prevention mobilization, and the epidemic prevention and rescue personnel, with the cooperation of the chief of the baojia, began to carry out preventive injections to the people of the county according to the household registration book and issued injection certificates. Isolation hospitals and other treatment institutions have also been established, and the epidemic situation has been effectively controlled.
After 1943, the Changde plague, which lasted more than two years, was not widely circulated.
The plague in Changde was extinguished by the Chinese military and civilians, which surprised the scheming Japanese, and their plot to cut off China's sixth and ninth theaters through germ warfare collapsed.
The Japanese launched a vicious germ warfare
In August 1997, in Changde, Hunan Province, 108 representatives of the victims of the bacteriological warfare of Unit 731 and their relatives in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, submitted to the Tokyo District Court the "State Compensation Lawsuit for the Victims of Bacterial Warfare of the Japanese Army's 731 Unit of the Japanese Army Invading China", and took the Japanese government to court, demanding that Japan apologize for the germ warfare crimes.
Bacteriological warfare victim Ding Dewang
In November 2000, the Changde Germ Warfare Investigation Committee determined that 7,643 people died in Changde's germ warfare, and two years later, the Tokyo District Court of Japan pronounced a judgment on the bacteriological warfare lawsuit of Unit 731, and the judgment pointed out in more than 10 pages that the Japanese army had indeed launched inhumane germ warfare in Changde, Zhejiang, Ningbo and other places, which was also the first time that Japan recognized the historical fact of germ warfare.
Changde commemorates the victims of the bacteriological war
Tomorrow, @Fenghua Peerless Xiao Er will continue to tell the seventh article of the Xiangzhuang River Mountain with me - Yong'an White Blade. I hope that my generation will think about the rise and fall of the world, do not forget the national shame, and revitalize China!