The United Nations is now the most authoritative international organization, and at the beginning of its establishment, the Soviet Union and the United States had a huge difference in whether China would join the permanent security council.
The United Nations was established
On October 24, 1945, the United Nations was formally established, and the five permanent members at this time were the five countries of China, Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union.
At the beginning, there was a huge disagreement over the choice of the five permanent members, because the United States wanted China as a permanent member at this time, but this was opposed by Britain and the Soviet Union, because
They believe that the three most powerful countries in the world today are the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, so there is no need to join other countries
but
The United States insisted on asking China to join
After many discussions, the two sides still could not get around this issue, so they never negotiated.
St. James's Palace, London
but
At that time, the Second World War was coming to an end, and the world needed to establish a new order, which was also urgently needed by Britain at that time, and it was what he had been looking forward to
Because it urgently needed to restore its strength, this war not only caused serious damage to its own economy, but also directly led to a serious decline in its own military strength, which was very unfavorable to its interests and status after the war, after all, Britain was the leader of the West, and he was unwilling to give up such a position
As early as 1941, Britain also proposed the Declaration of St. James's Palace, followed by the signing of the Atlantic Charter with the United States, proposing a series of international cooperation
。
Signature of the United Nations Declaration
Then
In 1942, it also joined dozens of countries that fought against fascism, including the Soviet Union and China, and signed the Declaration of the United Nations.
This is also to bring everyone closer to cooperation and oppose the invasion of the Axis powers together, and the term United Nations, which was first proposed by US President Roosevelt, helped each other after that, greatly curbing the arrogance of the fascist countries, but
At that time, the war situation was still very bad, the Soviet Union and Britain could only stubbornly counterattack in the face of The German attack, and the United States did not have the advantage in the Pacific Theater, so there was no in-depth discussion on the next step of cooperation
Axis soldiers
whereas
As the world anti-fascist war reached its climax, the Axis powers gradually became unable to sustain a huge war and continued to retreat
In 1943, China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and britain signed the Moscow Declaration, calling on everyone to establish an institution that could maintain world peace as soon as possible, at that time
All the countries present were deeply aware of the dangers of war and wanted to end it as soon as possible while preventing the outbreak of the next world war
Inspired by this goal, several countries also launched a major counteroffensive in their respective battlefields in order to completely get rid of the quagmire of war.
Drafting of the Charter of the United Nations
With the gradual victory of the anti-fascist war, the agenda for forming an international organization was officially launched, and the United States began to formulate the Charter of the United Nations.
The Soviet Union was in full swing on the battlefield at this time, so it did not pay too much attention to this, after all, the formation of the United Nations was a good thing for the world, but as the war gradually came to an end, more and more countries in the world signed this charter.
The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union also realized that this organization would play a huge role in the future and would also formulate a new post-war world order, so they began to decide in private who would dominate.
Major signatories to the Treaty of Versailles
That's a very important thing, after all
At the end of the First World War, several major countries in the world also established an international league after signing the Treaty of Versailles
, with the main purpose of reducing the number of weapons to maintain world peace, but in the end, due to the imperfect design and the reluctance of States to contribute to the implementation of the resolution, it is in fact in a state of extinction in name only, and its internal ownership, like the United Nations, has been established with permanent members,
These four countries were Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, but at that time Britain and France were fighting for power, stirring up the entire League of Nations
Opening ceremony of the League of Nations
Italy and Japan simultaneously embarked on the path of imperialism, laying the groundwork for the subsequent Second World War
With the rise of some countries such as the United States, Britain and France's own strength is simply not enough to deal with the conflict, and Italy and Japan are even more eager to move, wanting to take greater advantages in the world, so in the later stage,
The League of Nations was formed from an institution for the maintenance of world peace to an instrument in the hands of great powers such as Britain and France
Then Italy and Japan also began to show their fangs, and expanded with Germany, which had recovered from World War I, and the League of Nations not only did not stop this, but on the contrary
Wanting to sacrifice the interests of some small countries to maintain their own status has led many member countries to choose to protect themselves, and the League of Nations has also fallen into paralysis
France surrendered
So
If the United Nations is to be formed, it is necessary to first discuss how to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past
At this time, there were only three countries with the right to speak, China was too weak to be excluded and could not participate in the formulation of power, while France was even more miserable, and the United States and the Soviet Union at this time simply looked down on him, after all
In World War II, France's performance was a mess
It is simply unimaginable to let such a country sit on an equal footing with them, and according to the idea of the United States, that is, according to the model of the previous League of Nations, four powerful countries should be established as permanent members, so that they can not only maintain their post-war status, but also effectively prevent the occurrence of a new world war.
USSR
And this
The four countries are the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, and this topic has attracted opposition from the Soviet Union as soon as it came out
Because he knows
At that time, China was led by the Kuomintang and had excellent relations with the United States, while Britain itself was inclined to the United States
If you agree, you will inevitably be in an embarrassing situation in the future, and compared with the Soviet Union, Britain's idea is simpler, that is, it still has a lot of interests in China, if
After the two sides sit on an equal footing, then how to guarantee those interests at that time
How his economy recovered, he was really unwilling to give up like this.
India under British rule
The United States, despite its opposition, was unwilling to give up, and the two sides discussed each other far and wide
It was also agreed that permanent members must be served by countries with sufficient contribution and influence, and preferably one on each continent, but having said that, in practice, they tacitly did not mention Africa, but focused mainly on Asia, but this
At first glance, they found that China was very important, because at that time, Southeast Asia and Korea and other countries had all fallen, and India was still a British colony at that time, so it was not eligible to participate
Invading Japanese forces
And the opposite
China, not only was it the first country to be invaded, but it was still resisting in the face of great disadvantages
Although the capital has also fallen many times, but the government has not surrendered, in the current war will be victorious, Japan will also surrender in a very short time, the future potential will not be small, and most importantly, China at that time occupied 1/4 of the world's population, it is exactly
These men contained four-fifths of the entire Japanese army, or else according to the original Japanese plan, from China to Europe, after the rendezvous with Nazi Germany
Japanese warship
The situation in the world will be even more difficult, and not long ago China also tried to prevent the Japanese army and navy from joining forces.
At a great cost, the Japanese army, which had gathered superior troops, was wounded and its attempt to open up the mainland communication line was thwarted
It is obviously unreasonable to exclude China from such a huge contribution, so although the Soviet Union disagreed very much in its heart, it could no longer refuse, but did not support it
When Britain saw that the Soviet Union had given up its opposition, it also began to change its thinking, that is, if the United States wanted to pull China in, then Britain would also pull France in
Location in the UK
After all, according to the current strength,
France had a good industrial base, and at that time there were many colonies, and it had always been in the same vein as Britain
He forged a deep friendship in the resistance of Germany, so that he could strengthen his position in the international community, and although Britain had a very high status in Europe, it was actually an island separated from the European plate, which was very unfavorable to its future position, but
France is located in the European plate, has enough voice in Europe, and can be better managed with his participation
Normandy landings
And in World War II, although it was destroyed at the beginning, it was also
Germany was carefully blocked, and many French soldiers also had a huge effect in the later Normandy landings, and there has always been a free French movement in its homeland
Although the contribution is small, it cannot be ignored, and the Soviet Union is also happy to see it, after all, the United States pulled China as an ally at that time, and Britain pulled a France, to a certain extent, it can also confront the United States, so it is also glad to agree.
Then the United States could only agree, and the prototype of the five permanents was finally formed at this moment
Brazil
At the time
The United States also wanted to add a seat to South America and therefore offered to add Brazil to the permanent membership
But this caused a unanimous opposition from Su Ying, on the one hand, because he did not contribute anything, on the other hand, he was afraid that the power would be too dispersed, after all, at this time, all three parties understood,
Today's five countries have just reached a balance, so in the end it has been settled
After the end of World War II, the heads of state of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union held the highest-level meeting, that is, the Yalta Conference, and while discussing the final military action, they also announced to the outside world a resolution to establish the United Nations.
Signing of the Charter of the United Nations
meantime
All anti-fascist countries were invited to San Francisco, USA, to attend the United Nations Conference
The incident caused an uproar internationally for a time, and when the time came, 50 countries sent representatives to participate, and at that time
Because It was the first country to be violated, China was also given the first right to sign the Un Charter of the United Nations
After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union, as the two most powerful countries in the world, under the surface of peace, have actually begun to constantly play tricks for the position of world hegemony.
Bretton Woods system
As the country with the strongest economic and military strength at that time, the United States established the Bretton Woods system, and began to actively win over European countries while continuously improving the status of the US dollar
Expanding its influence in Europe in order to expand the fruits of its victory, the rudiments of the Cold War have begun to appear, and although the Soviet Union at this time was unwilling to turn its face with Britain and France in order to prevent isolation, it still did not relax in its interests in the slightest, because although
It was a victorious country, but the price paid for it was too heavy, a total of 35 million casualties, so that the Soviet Union almost lost a generation
The city became a ruin
And because
During the war with Germany, the Soviet Union's areas close to Europe were almost in ruins, and various factories and farms were severely damaged
After these losses were counted after the war, it was simply shocking, and now the only advantage is the promotion of its own status, from the original exclusion of Britain and France and other countries, without any right to speak, to now stabilize the British and French, can meet with the United States, the only drawback is that the economy is relatively backward, so
After seeing the United States rob Germany of its industrial base, it also immediately sent troops to seize it
The Red Army conquered Berlin
Together with the United States, they demanded large amounts of war reparations from Germany
Under the socialist system of the Soviet Union, these interests were also used for the restoration of the country, and it took advantage of its border with China to participate in the war against Japan at the Yalta Conference, after the end of the European war.
Without the knowledge of the Chinese government, dalian commercial port was internationalized, and at the same time, it leased lushun port as its naval base, and jointly operated a series of treaties with China on the South Manchuria Railway
It has seriously endangered China's sovereignty and interests, and at this time the great power political tendencies of the United States and the Soviet Union are already very serious.
Heads of state of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain
And at this time
Although the United States strongly supported China's accession to the United Nations, it was not at ease, but directly used China's interests as a price in exchange for the Soviet Union's intervention
, adding fuel to his own defeat of Japan, because Chiang Kai-shek had close relations with the United States at that time and needed his support in the war
After some thought, the Kuomintang agreed to the agreement
And the Soviet Union also took the opportunity to say that it wanted to establish good relations with China.
It further paralyzed the Then Kuomintang government, when the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain were all trying to find ways to gain benefits from China
National Government
Ignoring the great sacrifices made by our country for the victory in World War II, fortunately, there was still a Communist Party in our country at that time
After the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communists began, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and other countries also falsely declared neutrality and did not participate in our internal decision-making, but this was because they felt that the Kuomintang could win, and with it
The stubborn resistance of our army, coupled with the increasing decay of the National Government, and the flattering attitude toward the United States have also made many benevolent people dissatisfied and have begun to join our Party
Therefore, the weaker the Nationalist army became, the stronger our army became, and at this time, the United States and Britain began to secretly intervene in the Chinese civil war for their own interests.
Yalta Agreement
The constant sale of weapons to the Kuomintang made it clear that it would be biased
At that time, the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States and other Western countries was becoming more and more intense, and it was also deeply known that if China completely fell to the United States, it would be very unfavorable to itself, so while supporting the French Communist Party, it began
The assistance to our Party caused great dissatisfaction in the United States, and with the infighting between the United States and the Soviet Union, all the treaties of the Yalta Conference were made public
Among them, the Soviet Union's infringement of China's sovereignty was also exposed, and for a time anti-Soviet wave broke out in many parts of Our country.
railway
The Soviet Union was also in an awkward diplomatic position, so in the end it could only withdraw its troops, and our army took control of the northeast region
However, the Kuomintang still controlled important cities, and the United States also felt that as long as it helped Chiang Kai-shek win the civil war, it could form a suppression of the Soviet Union, so it supported it even harder.
Simply because of the suppression of the Soviet Union, it did not dare to send troops directly, and after our Party gradually took the initiative, the Soviet Union immediately sent a group of experts to repair the railways in the northeast region
This laid a solid foundation for the People's Liberation Army of Our People's Liberation Army in the subsequent Liaoshen Campaign.
Founded new China
Our army defeated the rule of the Kuomintang with the momentum of destruction and decay, and established New China in 1949
This invalidated the U.S. plan in China, and then proposed to the United Nations to restore the legitimate seat of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and expel the representatives of Taiwan.
At this time, the United States still had close ties with Chiang Kai-shek, and in addition, our country took the socialist road and had relatively good relations with the Soviet Union, so the United States vigorously opposed it at the re-congress
After all, he supported China because he needed a pro-American country to consolidate his position in Asia.
Lushun Naval Base
After the founding of our country, it also abolished the unequal treaties signed by all the great powers in the old society and began to demand that the Soviet Union return the ports of the concession
But at this time, it had just occupied it, and naturally did not want to spit it out, but at that time China was very important to the Soviet Union targeted by the West, so under Chairman Mao's personal visit, the Soviet Union decided to lift the military control of the Lushun area, return power to the local government, and
It promised that no later than the end of 1952, the Soviet army withdrew from the Lushun Naval Base, when china was still relatively weak and needed to rely on the help of the Soviet Union in all aspects
Un troops landed in North Korea
So it would be a good idea to be able to solve it that way, but
With the outbreak of the Korean War, the United Nations army led by the United States sent a large fleet, and our country lacked the corresponding strength to counteract
Therefore, it can only be proposed to let the Soviet Navy suspend the withdrawal of its garrison in Lushun to protect China's homeland from being attacked, and then with China's War to Resist the United States and Aid Korea, China and the United States directly confronted each other, making China's relations with Western countries more and more tense, and sure enough
In the subsequent United Nations General Assembly, the United States used various pretexts to prevent my country from regaining its seat in the United Nations
Premier Zhou
Not to be outdone, china has repeatedly stated that the People's Republic of China today is the government that represents the views of the Chinese people
Premier Zhou also called the SECRETARY OF the United Nations many times, expressing the attitude of Chinese people and the accusation that the US military was interfering in the Korean civil war, and with the repeated failures of the United States in the Korean battlefield, the United States unilaterally passed a series of anti-China resolutions at the United Nations, such as the embargo imposed on China, although at that time
In the years that followed, the Soviet Union had been calling for the restoration of our legitimate seat in the United Nations, but none of the proposals had been put to the vote because of U.S. control
General Assembly
And in
After China won the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, it swept away the image of being poor and weak in the international community in the past, and had more say in the foreign world, which also forced the Soviet Union to correct its own position
In order to win over China's initiative to raise the issue of returning Lushunkou, and in 1955, it successfully recovered the two cities of Lushun and Dalian, safeguarding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, and China became more and more confident
As a result of repeated failures, the United States began to plummet in international prestige, resulting in fewer and fewer votes in favor when the United Nations voted on the proposal
Premier Zhou visited Africa
therefore
After the Sino-Soviet confrontation, China also began to actively carry out diplomacy in Africa, and while developing itself, it is also supporting African countries
At this time, the United States and the Soviet Union also actively launched anti-colonial movements in Africa, which seriously damaged the interests of Britain and France in Africa, but because this was inevitable after World War II, Britain and France could only resign themselves to it.
Since then, more and more countries in Africa have declared independence, and China's support has also made many African countries regard China as a brother
In the subsequent United Nations General Assembly, support the restoration of our legitimate seat in the United Nations.
Chiang Kai-shek
At this time, the United States was also keenly aware of the danger, so it proposed a bill for the simultaneous existence of two Chinas, but it was opposed by many countries at that time
Subsequently, the issue was sublimated, and by way of voting on the bill, it was stipulated that China's replacement of Chiang Kai-shek's government to restore its seat in the United Nations was an important issue, and the vote in favor of the vote must be passed by a majority of 2/3.
There were 104 countries participating in the conference at that time, and many of them were in the capitalist camp, on the same side as the United States, so this 2/3 majority was simply impossible
The capital of Albania
Although there is a request to restore China's legitimate seat in the annual UN proposal, it has been unable to pass because of the excess vote against it
However, as African countries have supported more and more, China's advantages in this proposal have also become greater and greater, and Albania and other countries that have established diplomatic relations with china have also continuously submitted proposals, but none of them have been adopted, but as more and more countries have established diplomatic relations with china, when the proposal was voted on later,
The number of votes in favour has gradually surpassed the votes against, which also indicates that the struggle of our country for so many years has finally begun to bear fruit
The last Americans to evacuate Vietnam
The time has come
In 1971, with the defeat of the United States in the war against Vietnam, there were also economic problems, so it was strategically contracted
Then, in order to contain the Soviet Union, after Nixon took office, he began to gradually change his China policy, and then after Kissinger secretly visited China at that time and had a conversation with Premier Zhou,
Recognize that Taiwan belongs to China, while no longer being an enemy of China, and support the restoration of China's seat in the United Nations
However, he still did not support the expulsion of the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek's regime, and said that President Nixon would visit China at an appropriate time.
vote
And before the United Nations General Assembly that year,
Albania and other countries have once again put on the agenda proposals for the restoration of power in the People's Republic of China
and solemnly opposed the proposal to retain the Republic of China, and the United States subsequently expressed its support for China's acquisition of the seat, but at the same time opposed any expulsion of the Republic of China,
China also refuted this behavior of the United States, and then after the meeting began, the United States put forward a proposal on the important issue of China's representation, but it was not adopted because of the large number of votes against it
Therefore, our country only needs to obtain more votes in favor of it.
Proposals passed on site
this
As a result, the Pressure on the United States was enormous, and it once wanted to postpone the vote, but to no avail
Finally, when it came to voting on whether our country should resume its legitimate seat in the United Nations, many countries also voted in favor, and finally our country has a huge advantage of 76 votes in favor and 35 votes against
This made the dual representation of the United States a null and void case
At this time, there was also thunderous applause within the United Nations, and because this was the support of the majority of people, the Us government could only accept it, and openly stated in its speech after the meeting that although this was unpleasant, no one could escape this fact.
Restoration of seats in the United Nations
My country, by its own efforts, was finally restored to one of the five permanent members of the United Nations on 25 October 1971
At the same time, at the same time, it also actively fulfilled its responsibilities and worked hard to maintain world peace, and then China's development was getting faster and faster, and its status in the international community was getting higher and higher, that year
The scene of the United States and the Soviet Union treating our country as a flag will never appear again
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