preface
In March 1961, the Central Military Commission wanted to form an airborne force. The Central Military Commission asked Liu Yalou, commander of the Air Force, to select from the field armies of the whole army, and Liu Yalou said without hesitation: "I choose the 15th Army." When someone asked Liu Yalou the reason, Liu Yalou said: "The 15th Army is full of vitality and has played a national prestige in Shangganling. ”
And the first commander of the 15th Army, who was famous and famous, was Qin Jiwei!
Pictured| General Qin Jiwei
Death does not leave the Red Army's Qin Dadao
From the moment he joined the Red Army, Qin Jiwei secretly made a vow: "Follow the Communist Party and always do the revolution." ”
In 1914, Qin Jiwei was born in Qinluozhuang, Huang'an, Hubei Province, as the youngest child in the family, Qin Jiwei received a lot of pampering from childhood, although the family was surrounded by disciples and was poor, but his parents and brothers, sisters, and uncles loved him, but it made Qin Jiwei's childhood very happy.
However, disasters will always come silently, when Qin Jiwei was 11 years old, a plague broke out in his hometown, first his mother was infected, in order to heal his mother's family spent all his savings and could not save his mother's life, after the death of his mother, his father and uncle also contracted the disease, and died soon after, in order to escape this disaster, the father married his daughter far away before he died.
There was only his brother and the young Qin Jiwei left in the family, but he had not yet finished taking care of the family's affairs, and his brother had not been able to escape this natural disaster and passed away, a family of six people, and finally only 11-year-old Qin Jiwei was left, lonely and miserable in his own thatched hut, struggling to survive.
Pictured| Old photo of Qin Jiwei
In 1927, the torrent of revolution poured into Huang'an, and the lofty revolutionary idea of seeking liberation for the poor masses of the whole world was deeply rooted in Qin Jiwei's bones, and at the age of 13, he took up a red gun and participated in the famous jute uprising, because Qin Jiwei was too young at that time to join the reorganization team after the uprising, but stayed behind to join the local self-defense forces. However, Qin Jiwei was not discouraged by this, and two years later, Qin Jiwei, who had reached the age of fifteen, finally officially joined the Red Army and became a glorious "little red devil".
Since he liked to learn martial arts since he was a child, Qin Jiwei's uncle gave him a large knife he treasured, although the big knife was rusty, but the young Qin Jiwei still loved it, and often secretly ran out to practice the sword technique in the middle of the night. After becoming a Member of the Red Army, Qin Jiwei's sword technique finally had a place to play, because he was good at making a big knife, Qin Jiwei repeatedly performed miraculous feats, and soon became the commander of the pistol battalion of the Guard Regiment of the Headquarters of the Red Fourth Front.
In 1931, the Red Fourth Front launched the Battle of Huang'an, the battle was fought extremely hard, the enemy and we launched a fierce white-knife battle at The Mountain outside the city of Huang'an County, the position changed hands several times, the situation was very critical, the division commander Wang Shusheng had even pulled up the pistol team and communications squad directly under the division and fought with the Kuomintang with bayonets.
Picture | Wang Shusheng
Looking at the fierce white-knife battle in front of him, Qin Jiwei, who was ordered to stay at the headquarters, could no longer bear it, and in a hurry, Qin Jiwei kicked open the door of the battalion commander with one kick and shouted loudly: "This post Lao Tzu is no longer standing, Lao Tzu's company is going to go up to fight!" ”
After the battalion commander really couldn't help Qin Jiwei, he agreed to his request, but there was a condition: "It is okay to fight, the company stays, the gun also stays, and you can go wherever you fall in love." The battalion commander hoped that Qin Jiwei would be able to retreat in spite of the difficulties, who knew that Qin Jiwei actually rushed up with a brain.
After the battle was fought, Qin Jiwei, who was only carrying a large knife, killed several enemies, and afterwards, the battalion commander patted Qin Jiwei's shoulder and said, "Not bad, I will seal you as Qin Big Knife from now on!" Since then, the prestige of the "Qin Dadao" has spread widely in the military.
Years later, Qin Jiwei talked about this battle in an interview, he said: "Oh, at that time, it was urgent to die, and the fight outside was fierce, but we could only hold back and could not move. Raising troops for a thousand days, using soldiers for a while, our pistol battalion usually follows the headquarters, and all aspects are superior to other units, but when the battle starts, we must also be superior, with a long and a short two guns, and a large knife, but it is not for good looks, the key time is not blood, it is better to burn the fire stick, if the soldiers can't fight, it is better to not lay eggs of the old hen. ”
Pictured| Qin Jiwei
In 1932, after the failure of the Fourth Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" of the Red Army, the main forces of the Red Fourth Front were forced to withdraw from the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Area and move westward, and too many wounded could only be resettled on the spot.
Before the troops set out, the superior chief came to see Qin Jiwei and personally gave him two oceans to recuperate from his wounds. After the large troops set off, Qin Jiwei not only did not leave, but began to secretly follow behind the large troops and transfer with the large troops.
After following for a long distance, Qin Jiwei found that even if he was discovered, he would not be thrown back, so he quickly followed the troops close to him, and when the troops were camping, Qin Jiwei was on the side to help the cooking class, and when the soldiers finished eating, Qin Jiwei took some leftovers and what to eat.
Because Qin Jiwei's wound was not effectively treated, soon the wound began to suppurate, emitting a burst of odor, and even maggots grew at the wound, and when the pain was too unbearable, Qin Jiwei untied his bandage, let all the pus flow out, and then used the dirty bandage to wrap the wound.
In this way, after Qin Jiwei followed the large army for more than a month, he was finally discovered by the head of the unit, and his superiors saw that he was seriously injured, and when he marched to Shaanxi, he let him recuperate in a temple.
Qin Jiwei was killed and killed, he said: "I will not leave the Red Army when I die, I am wounded in the arm, not the leg, I know that the troops are moving to fight, the wounded are retaliation for the troops, but I will never add trouble to the troops, please rest assured, I do not want stretchers, second, I do not want livestock, I just want to be able to follow the troops to continue to advance, even if I climb I will climb to Qinling." ”
The head of the unit was touched by Qin Jiwei's tenacious revolutionary will, so he reluctantly agreed to his request, and sent a young messenger to take care of him along the way, and the little soldier carried a bag of salt along the way to help Qin Jiwei clean and disinfect the wound with salt water, and help him bandage the wound.
In this way, Qin Jiwei, like the soldiers, wore a single coat, stepped on his feet with straw shoes, and climbed over the frozen snowy mountains, along the way, cold, hunger, fatigue, and injuries have been bothering him, and the pain in his arms once made him almost unconscious, but Qin Jiwei gritted his teeth, insisted on marching, climbed over 6 mountains above 3,000 meters above sea level, and entered Sichuan.
When the troops arrived at Tongjiang, Qin Jiwei's entire arm had already suffered a large-scale ulcer due to untimely treatment, and the person was so thin that only bones were left. Later, under careful care, although Qin Jiwei's injuries healed, the festering place on his arm could no longer grow, and he had always been mutilated.
The bloody battle of Shangganling became famous in the First World War
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Qin Jiwei was appointed as the teaching regiment of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army and went to Shanxi to form an anti-Japanese armed force and launch a guerrilla struggle against the Japanese Kou, and the famous "Qin Lai Detachment" was developed at this time.
From 1937 to 1947, for 10 years, Qin Jiwei fought on the Taihang Mountains. Many years later, someone once asked Qin Jiwei what was the deepest experience of the war years? Qin Jiwei said without hesitation: "I am not afraid of hardships and hardships, nor of bloodshed and sacrifice." ”
Pictured| Qin Jiwei and Premier Zhou Enlai
The most perfect interpretation of these two sentences is the most important battle in Qin Jiwei's life, the Battle of Shangganling.
In June 1950, war broke out suddenly on the Korean Peninsula, US imperialism brazenly intervened in it, and the smoke of gunfire soon burned to the land Chinese in northeast China.
After sweeping away the bandit plague in the southwest, Qin Jiwei did not even rest and rushed to Chongqing to attend the meeting of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Eventually, Qin Jiwei and the 15th Army entered Korea in March 1951.
In March 1952, Qin Jiwei was ordered to lead his army to Pingkang, Jinhua and other places to take over the defensive line of the 26th Army to organize position defense. This is a difficult task of great strategic significance, and Van Vleet, commander of the US 8th Army, once said: "The iron triangle composed of Tieyuan, Pingkang, Jinhua and other places now controlled by the Chinese army is the biggest problem for the UNITED Nations Army." ”
Pictured| VanVleet
At 3:30 a.m. on October 14, 1952, VanVleet announced to the world through reporters: "The Jinhua Offensive has officially begun (that is, the Battle of Shangganling)!" Half an hour later, under vanVleet's orders, the US military launched more than 300 artillery pieces, more than 40 aircraft, and more than 120 tanks to launch a fierce attack on our army's Shangganling 597.9 heights and 537.7 heights, more than 300,000 shells and more than 500 thrown bombs, directly destroying almost all of our army's surface positions.
After the fierce shelling, the US 7th Division and the Han 2nd Division, under the cover of tanks, launched a fierce offensive against the two positions of our army in 6 routes, Qin Jiwei commanded the troops to carry out deadly resistance, and successively repelled more than 30 attacks of the US army. In the end, after all the ammunition in the two highlands was used up, the fighters had to retreat into the tunnels and continue to engage in tunnel warfare with the Americans.
The battle was extremely fierce, for seven days and seven nights, Qin Jiwei, who was sitting at the headquarters of Daodedong, did not rest for a minute, and in the face of the news of the huge casualties of the troops constantly coming from the front, Qin Jiwei was very distressed, but he knew that at this time, he had to grit his teeth and insist, and in the dialogue with Cui Jiangong, commander of the 45th Division of the 15th Army, Qin Jiwei said:
"Tell the comrades that the men of the 15th Army shed blood and do not shed tears, no one is allowed to cry, raise troops for a thousand days, no matter how big the casualties, they must continue to fight, for the sake of overall victory, even if the 15th Army is all wiped out, what is gained." Please tell the comrades that the 15th Army fought to the last man, and I Qin Jiwei went up to defend the position! ”
Pictured| Major General Cui Jiangong
Qin Jiwei's vow-like voice soon spread throughout the entire 15th Army, resounding throughout the Shangganling position and becoming a clarion call to encourage the soldiers to fight bravely.
After the war entered a white-hot stage, all the soldiers on both sides were killed in the red eye, Qin Jiwei swore: "I will carry the coffin to Ganling", and clark, the commander-in-chief of the US Army, said without scruples: "No matter what kind of difficulties and embarrassments you encounter, you must also fight this cruel and face-saving attack." ”
The enemy and us continued to increase their troops toward the Shangganling battlefield, and for a while, a total of 100,000 troops gathered in Shangganling, and a hard battle soon turned into an even more arduous battle.
On these two heights, the U.S. military put in more than 17 battalions, more than 7,000 casualties, and even after the war, when the American company commander named, the only person who answered below was a soldier and a sergeant. However, Qin Jiwei clearly knew that our army had invested fewer troops than the US army, so the casualty ratio of our army was even greater.
Figure | U.S. troops attacking the Shangganling position
After the troops who held their positions retreated into the tunnel, due to continuous bombardment, the two highlands of Shangganling became a scorched earth, and the rocks were all powdered, and some soldiers were shocked to the point that their ears were bleeding, and there was no time to treat them, and finally they died in the tunnels, and more and more of the remains of the wounded and martyrs of our army were in the tunnels.
After the enemy occupied the surface positions, there was no way for our army in the tunnels, and could only adopt methods such as cutting off water sources, releasing poisonous gas, releasing smoke, and blowing up the tunnels, with the intention of trapping our troops in the tunnels. The warriors had become extremely difficult to eat and drink, many of them could only eat half a cookie per person a day, many could not even drink a drop of water, and could only drink urine from each other to relieve the unbearable thirst, and in one of the tunnels, more than a dozen soldiers were starved alive, and even so, they still pointed their guns at the mouth of the tunnel.
In Qin Jiwei's battle diary, he wrote: "The 15th Army carried forward the fighting spirit of heroic sacrifice, one person sacrificed his life, ten people were difficult to stop, many companies had been exhausted, and some companies only had a few people left, still insisting, how lovely and respectable they were. ”
Pictured | Lieutenant General Wang Jinshan
A few days later, Wang Jinshan, acting commander of the corps, called Qin Jiwei on the front line: "Old Qin, the 15th Army has reached its limit until now, and now there are two ways: one is to continue to fight, and the other is to retire and then say, it is up to you to choose." ”
Qin Jiwei roared, "Commander, do you not believe in the 15th Army?" If I don't get down, I won't die, and even if I die, I'll die on Shangganling! Wang Jinshan slapped his "snap" on the table and snapped, "Good! The 15th Army is not down, but the 12th Army is also going to go up, and I will give you full authority to command the 12th Army, and give you another Katyusha rocket artillery regiment! ”
"Commander Wang..." Qin Jiwei choked up for a moment, what could be more valuable than this unconditional trust and support? Qin Jiwei said firmly, "As long as the head of the corps trusts me and can't keep Shangganling, I'll come to see you!" ”
Qin Jiwei knew very well that the Panmunjom negotiations were underway at this time, and the success or failure of the Shangganling Campaign might even determine the outcome of the negotiations, and whoeverse troops fought hard in Shangganling would have a hard waist at the negotiating table and would have the confidence to speak.
Pictured| volunteer soldiers wanted to launch a counterattack at Heights 537.7
On October 30, under the command of Qin Jiwei, the general counterattack of our army began, and the 15th Army, with the close cooperation of the Katyusha Rocket Artillery Regiment and the Artillery Regiment, completely annihilated the Four Companies of the 597.9 High Ground and successfully recaptured the surface positions. On November 11, Qin Jiwei took advantage of the victory to pursue, completely annihilated the United Nations army on the 537.7 heights, and after five days and nights of repeated scrambling, on November 15, all the positions on the 537.7 high ground were completely retaken by our army.
On November 16, the Associated Press wrote in its own report: "So far, the Coalition forces have been completely defeated at the Triangle Hill (i.e., Shangganling) position. On November 25, the "United Nations Army" led by the US army was no longer able to launch a counterattack, and VanVleet's golden offensive was completely crushed by our army.
In Chairman Mao's speech on the situation in the Korean War, Chairman Mao spoke highly of the Battle of Shangganling, which withstood "the fiercest firepower offensive in the history of world war" and created a glorious example of defending the battle in the history of modern warfare.
The | warriors celebrated the victory at the Battle of Shangganling
The most murderous military parade in history
In 1955, Qin Jiwei was awarded the rank of lieutenant general, and in the same year, Qin Jiwei was personally named by Chairman Mao to go to Yunnan as the commander of the Kunming Military Region and guard the southwest gate of the motherland.
Qin Jiwei, who waded through the rain of bullets and bullets, profoundly realized the cruelty of war, and at the same time made him understand the importance of strictly administering the army.
Qin Jiwei once said: "Only by being strict can we produce combat effectiveness, only by being strict can we produce a strong work style, and only by being strict can we produce talent." The management of the army is not strict, the troops are loose and collapsed, and there are many problems in peacetime, so they cannot be too strong in wartime. ”
Therefore, Qin Jiwei advocated that the troops, especially the leading cadres in the troops, should set strict demands on them and exercise bold management. The comrades who have worked under Qin Jiwei all know that Qin Jiwei's grasp of work has always been of high standards and strict requirements, and no one dares to be sloppy in the slightest in the tasks he has assigned.
In 1981, the Chinese People's Liberation Army held a major modernization defense exercise in North China, and Qin Jiwei, as the commander-in-chief of this exercise task, put forward four strict requirements for the exercise: "the standards should be high, the requirements should be strict, the work should be meticulous, and the results should be good."
On the last day of the exercise, the fierce battle scene made Deng Xiaoping overjoyed, and he constantly applauded during the 100-minute anti-assault operation, and when the battle was fierce, Deng Xiaoping even stood up, leaned forward slightly, and watched intently, in the billowing smoke, Deng Xiaoping seemed to have returned to the magnificent Huaihai decisive battlefield.
The North China Exercise has concentrated the posture of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in marching toward modernization in front of the people of the world, which has given great encouragement to the entire people of our country and is a very strong deterrent to the international hegemonists. The international community commented on the exercise: "This is an excellent army, a wonderful exercise, and the most magnificent display of strength of the People's Liberation Army." ”
Pictured| the 1981 exercise, Qin Jiwei briefed Deng Xiaoping on the situation
1984 National Day, this is following the 1959 National Day military parade, after 25 years of another military parade ceremony, of great significance, Qin Jiwei was once again appointed as the commander-in-chief of the military parade, he once again brought four requirements to the military parade task, from top to bottom strict words, all military activities to ensure that it is foolproof.
Chinese the steel division of the People's Liberation Army, marching in a neat stride, walking majestically through Tiananmen Square, they are mighty and majestic, their eyes are full of fortitude and slaughter, this military parade is also the largest scale, the latest equipment, the highest degree of mechanization since the founding of the People's Republic of China, at the same time, it has also been rated by countless people as the most murderous National Day military parade.
Qin Jiwei is very strict with the troops and his work, but he is also a model of loving soldiers like sons; he believes that to lead soldiers well, we must first love soldiers like sons, and it is consistent with strictly administering the army. ”
Pictured| Commander-in-Chief of the 1984 Military Parade, Qin Jiwei
During the war years, although Qin Jiwei crossed his waist all day and looked majestic, he was also extremely careful about the lives of the soldiers. After a long march, the soldiers' feet were blistered, and Qin Jiwei boiled hot water to soak their feet and picked bubbles for them one by one.
Qin Jiwei has always stressed that it is not allowed to leave a single wounded person behind, and when marching, his mounts are given to wounded and sick soldiers to ride, personally helping the frail soldiers to carry machine guns, taking the lead in singing military songs with the soldiers to boost morale. Qin Jiwei demanded that the food of the troops must be done well, so that the soldiers can rest and eat well, and every time they go to the army to inspect, Qin Jiwei must go to the kitchen and the pig room to have a look.
When he was serving as commander of the Beijing Military Region, on a certain Sunday, when Qin Jiwei was driving past the training ground of a certain unit, he saw that the soldiers were still training hard, so he immediately stopped the car and came down to understand the situation. ”
After hearing this, Qin Jiwei immediately called the regimental commander over and criticized: "If you don't pay attention to the rest of the soldiers, training is tense in normal times, on Sundays the soldiers have to wash their clothes, take a bath, write home letters, read books, and also rest, we must give the soldiers time to do these things, and we must not engage in fatigue tactics." ”
Another time, after hearing about the successive incidents of beating and cursing fighters in a certain department, Qin Jiwei was very angry and immediately held a teleconference of the whole military region to demand an immediate cessation of this behavior, Qin Jiwei said: "The common people have handed over their children to us, we must be responsible for the people, cadres and soldiers are equal in politics, we only have the responsibility to care, love, and educate them, and scold them. ”
epilogue
In general Qin Jiwei's memoirs, he once commented on himself: "I worked alive and counted dead, and the original intention of the revolution to the end has never changed; I am not willing to be left behind, and my positive and enterprising spirit has never changed." It is precisely on these two points that I stumbled on the revolutionary road for more than half a century, barely keeping up with the pace of the times! ”