Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News reporter Zhu Lizhen
In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1133), Lou Xuan, who was born in a family of eunuchs, served as the Commander of Qian County. In this year, he was 43 years old, and he went to the post for the first time, full of enthusiasm, and in the beautiful mountains and rivers, the mulberry and the wilderness, he was full of enthusiasm. He was thinking about how to be a good parent official.
Obviously, Lou Xuan was a personal witness, and he ran all over the corners of the fields in the county's administrative area, between the mountains and streams in the countryside, in the spring breeze and autumn cool rotation, and felt the vitality brought by labor. Of course, Lou Xuan is more of a thinker, and between grassroots work and calligraphy and painting expertise, he tries to find a channel.
More than 800 years ago, when "Farming and Weaving Map" came out, Lou Xuan was only glad that he had finally built a bridge connecting production and art, and he did not expect that forty-five pictures and forty-five poems could have such a huge impact: it was known as the world's first agricultural science popularization album, creating a precedent for China to accompany poems with pictures and popularize agricultural books.
【I】
In mid-spring, everything recovers. The emperor was in the field, helping the plough to cultivate the field, pushing and returning three times to show the world's farmers; the empress offered the silkworm ceremony and picked three pieces of mulberry to show the weaver woman of the world. In the long river of history, tianzi three pushes, the queen kisses the silkworm, this picture of male cultivators and female weaving, inspiring generations of Chinese to cultivate agriculture.
The same is true of Yuqian, 50 kilometers east of Hangzhou and in northwestern Zhejiang. Here, Tianmu Creek runs through the whole territory from north to south, upstream of the mountains, midstream hills, and downstream is a small plain of river valleys. Since ancient times, a situation of agriculture as the mainstay and agriculture, forestry and mulberry has been formed.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yu Qian's silk fabrics had become foreign trade and tribute products. After Qian Wei became the king of Wuyue, he adopted the policy of "the world is bloody and bloody, and I am closed and repair the silkworm weaving", advising the people to cultivate silkworm weaving, silkworms can be eight ripe in a year, not only the countryside is full of mulberry and hemp, but the town is also a lively scene of "picking mulberry in the spring lane".
Luo Shixi silkworm mulberry, the southern corner of the city of Caisang. The idyllic picture in "Strange Sang" is staged here every day.
The country is based on the people, the people are based on food, and the clothing and food are based on nongsang. By the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the dynasty in the southern corner of the Southern Anhui River was forced by the situation, and in order to increase taxes and maintain the stability of the rule, agricultural production became the top priority.
When he went to the Qianxian Order, the 43-year-old Lou Xuan was already middle-aged. In the Lou family, which has been an official for generations, the small county order is really not a big official. Fortunately, at that time, Yuqian was close to the capital city of Lin'an Province, which was a prosperous wang county.
For the first time as a parent official, Lou Xuan was full of ambition. A descendant of a family immersed in calligraphy and painting poetry began to care about grain and vegetables.
△ Cultivation and weaving drawing by Jiao Bingzhen during the Kangxi Dynasty. Image credit/CFP
【II】
Turning over the history of Yu Dive, it can be found that the intersection of Lou Xuan and Yu Dive is not long, only two years. For his introduction, there are few strokes.
Lou Xuan (楼璹), also spelled Shouyu (寿玉) and Guoqi (国器), was a native of Yin County (present-day Ningbo, Zhejiang), born in a family of eunuchs, with talents in calligraphy and painting, and left behind the "Six Yi Tu" and "Four Sages Tu" and so on. He was appointed by his father Yin Chu as an aide to Wu Prefecture (present-day Jinhua, Zhejiang), and shaoxing served as the commander of Qian County in the early years of Shaoxing.
In just two years, he has been in office for a long time, but it is enough for him to create a highlight moment in his life, leaving a strong mark in the history of Chinese agriculture, textile history and art history.
However, at the beginning of the story, there may not be so much deliberateness, some are just Lou Xuan as a local parent official, deeply understood the emperor's will, devoted to the people, visited the fields, and observed the original intention of the people to eat three meals in all seasons.
NanmenBa, Yokoyama, Fang Yuanfa... In the surrounding areas of Yuzhu Township, there is a figure of Lou Xuan who is one foot deep and one foot shallow, and he goes deep into the corner of the field, goes in and out of the farmhouse, talks with the farmer silkworm woman on his knees, and listens carefully.
Morning rain wheat autumn run, noon wind locust summer cool. During the visit and investigation, Lou Xuan enjoyed the idyllic scenery and natural scenery.
Two acids at dusk, undressed on the back. Between sunrise and sunset, he experienced the hard work and weaving of farmers. The silkworm woman can speak and relieve her boredom, only the female companion next door who is as busy as herself, accompanied only by the dilapidated hut and the oil lamp that is bright and dark; the farmer finishes the day's farm work, but at night he is concerned about the silkworm mulberry and cannot sleep steadily.
May the rain be even in the sky, and dare to hope that the harvest will be like a cloud. Lou Xuan felt the farmers' desire for a good harvest. As an intellectual who takes Nongsang as his top priority, is well aware of the suffering of Nongsang and has the heart of compassion for nongsang, Lou Xuan has developed an idea based on pastoral reality and with literary and romantic elements through the study of empirical techniques such as farming, planting mulberry, and weaving.
【III】
Production and art, work and hobbies, Lou Xuan, who is good at calligraphy and painting, has been trying to find a bridge to build.
In what way can we not only record the production methods and methods of local farmers, but also intuitively use them for future generations to learn from? Lou Xuan thought of combining pictures and texts, with forty-five pictures, accompanied by forty-five poems, to illustrate the meaning of the pictures.
This is the earliest complete record of male and female weaving in China, and it is also the world's first agricultural science popularization album, which depicts the earliest foot reel image of China, the earliest jacquard machine in China and even the world, and the earliest technical image of the cellar cocoon... Compared with important agricultural books such as "Tiangong Kaiwu" and "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration", it is more than 400 years earlier.
Of course, Lou Xuan didn't realize this at the time. His good intentions are reflected in his creation. "Ploughing" diagram, from immersion to warehousing, all twenty-one things; "Weaving" diagram, from bathing silkworms to cutting veils, all twenty-four things. Each thing is a picture, and accompanied by a chapter of five words and poems, each chapter has eight sentences, depicting meticulous and artistic appeal, leaving precious image materials that cannot be obtained from words for the study of agriculture, especially agricultural tools.
Undoubtedly, this is Lou Xuan's proud work. Therefore, when he was summoned by Emperor Gaozong of Song to "because of the remarkable results of his lessons in persuading Nongsang", he took the opportunity to present the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" with him when he left for the capital Lin'an Province from Yu Sneak.
The next development of things must be beyond Lou Xuan's imagination.
"That is, Meng Yuyin's commendation and declaration of the harem." Emperor Gaozong of Song did not hide his love for the "Cultivation and Weaving Map", using it as a sample and window for the harem to understand rural and agricultural life. Emperor Qintui, the reputation of the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" was greatly enhanced, and the facsimile was widely circulated everywhere. The picture is painted to the fullest, and the poem is to the best of its feelings. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the walls of almost all states and county capitals were painted with murals of "Cultivation and Weaving Maps" for officials and ordinary people to see.
And Lou Xuan therefore also stepped forward in the clouds, Shaoxing five years (1135), Tongju Shaozhou, Shaoxing twenty-five years (1155), Zhiyang Prefecture, tired officials to Chaoyi Dafu, Shaoxing twenty-six years, in charge of Taizhou Chongdao temple.
It is really difficult to say whether it is Lou Xuan who created the golden business card of Yu Qian, or Yu Qian, who is good at cultivation and weaving, who has achieved Lou Xuan.
【IV】
In China, where the agricultural civilization is splendid and long, successive rulers have attached importance to the cultivation of silkworms. The emergence of the "Farming and Weaving Map" is not only the source of the agricultural tool map, but also once became a popular textbook for rice cultivation and mulberry sericulture.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou's silk weaving industry was unprecedented and became the capital of silk at that time. Government-run private silk weaving factories flourished, and there were hundreds of looms and thousands of craftsmen in the courtyard alone. Among them, the promotion of "Cultivation and Weaving Map" is indispensable.
From the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, whether it is the government or the people, various versions of the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" have emerged in an endless stream. In the fifth year of Yuan Yanyou (1318), Si Nong Si Miao Haoqian compiled the "Saying of Planting SangTu", and compiled the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" copied by Li Shenglin in the early Yuan Dynasty as "Nongsang Tu Theory" and printed it to the people; during the Ming Dynasty, the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" was quoted and compiled into the "Convenient People's Map"; in the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus who rose up between the white mountains and black waters outside Guanwai, in order to show that they established the country with agriculture and attached great importance to agriculture, and highly respected the "Farming and Weaving Map", Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong successively ordered painters to copy and compile the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" and personally wrote the preface poem. The Qianlong Emperor named a idyllic scenery of Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace) as "Cultivating and Weaving Map", and "Yongzheng Cultivation and Weaving Map" was hidden in the Forbidden City for three hundred years, which was regarded as the treasure of the town hall by later generations.
It also spread to the United States, Britain, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. According to takeshi Watanabe of the Faculty of Literature at Tunghai University in Japan, there are as many as 56 versions of the "Cultivation And weaving map" that he has studied.
Written by the emperor, he painted the hardships of the peasants and proved the merits of the peasants. The years are silent, and what "Farming and Weaving Map" inherits is not only the farming technology, but also the original intention of wanting the people to eat grain and wear clothes, with one picture and one poem, condensing the way of farming and governing the country, carrying the desire for smooth wind and rain, years and years and a better life.
(Thanks to Zheng Mingshu for his contribution to this article, and thanks to the Publicity Department of Lin'an District Party Committee for providing some pictures)
【Before, what did we write】
Meet Han Qian Tang Chang | opening remarks
Meet Hanqian Tangchang| meet Hanqian Tangchang
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