Although it has been many years now, it is still impossible to forget Zhuge Liang's "Table of Teachers" in the middle school textbook, which can be described as a model of courtiers bowing down to exhaustion. However, Kong Ming, whose wisdom and strategy are the best in ancient and modern China and abroad, also did not expect, that is, there are two words in his painstaking work that have made future generations argue for nearly two thousand years, and even let the two cities that were originally harmonious and dependent on each other break their heads. At this time, if Mr. Zhuge had known about Quanxia, he would have been annoyed that he had not added detailed notes to these two words before his death, which would cause future generations to fight.
In this article, Mr. Kong Ming introduced his origin: "I am a commoner, and I am currently living a farming life in Nanyang. "Those two words that have provoked the debate of posterity are Nanyang." Didn't Zhuge Liang already admit that he had cultivated in Nanyang? What's there to argue about? And let me elaborate.
When Mr. Kong Ming was alive, naturally no one would dwell on this matter, but a hundred years after his death, the people of the Eastern Jin Dynasty could no longer understand this matter. Now we can know from the historical records that Mr. Kong Ming's home was in Longzhong, and in terms of geographical location at that time, the twenty miles west of Xiangyang City was Longzhong.
Here, Mr. Zhuge has made it clear that he cultivated in Nanyang, so why is it said in the history books that he is in Xiangyang? Which was Zhuge Liang's "place of cultivation" at that time? In history, where did Liu Bei's three visits to Zhuge Liang occur?
In fact, Zhuge Liang is not from Hubei, let alone Henan, he was born in Langya, Xuzhou, which is now Linyi, Shandong. Because Kong Ming's father died early, he followed his uncle to Jingxiang to defect to Liu Biao. We all know that Liu Biao's heart is a bit narrow-minded, so that Zhuge Liang has not been able to be reused under Liu Biao. Later, Zhuge Xuan died, and the young Zhuge Liang cut off his livelihood and had to run away to make a living.
After that, he lived in Nanyang to cultivate the fields, and it seems that this is not Tao Yuanming's leisurely leisure, but Zhuge Liang's helplessness to make a living.
When Jingzhou came under Liu Biao's jurisdiction, Liu Biao's seat of government was Xiangyang, somewhat similar to the structure of the current province and provincial capital. Because Xiangyang is close to Fancheng, there is another xiangfan in history. When Liu Bei defected to his relative Liu Biao, he was arranged to be stationed in Xiangyang and Xinye, north of Fancheng and south of Wancheng. At that time, the Wancheng shou would be Wen Ping, that is to say, Liu Bei was just sandwiched between Liu Biao's Wen Ping.
From this matter, it can also be seen that Liu Biao's personality is really not very broad.
Now, let's analyze the three Gu Maolu from the geographical point of view:
First of all, suppose that Zhuge Liang lived in Longzhong, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, Liu Bei had to rush all the way from xinye to Longzhong to visit Zhuge Liang, however, in fact, the straight-line distance between the two places was far more than a hundred miles, and the actual distance in ancient times was inconvenient to at least double, not to mention, there was still a Han River between the two places.
If Liu Guanzhang and the three wanted to arrive in Longzhong in this situation, they had to set off before the sun rose, and trekked all the way without regard to eating and drinking, so that it was possible to arrive in Longzhong in the middle of the night of the same day, and it was impossible to travel back and forth on the same day. Combined with the fact that Liu Bei was under Liu Biao's rule at that time, he needed to be careful everywhere, how could he make such a "big move"?
Therefore, if Zhuge Liang was in Longzhong at that time, it would be contrary to reality.
Since the place where Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei met was not in Longzhong, it must be in Nanyang. Speaking of this "Nanyang", many scholars also have many theories, and there is a saying that the Nanyang in Kong Ming's mouth is not Pi Nanyang, but Nanyang County. At that time, this place in Longzhong belonged to Deng County, and Deng County was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County, so Zhuge Liang's original words seemed to be able to explain it.
There is also a saying that in that era, people used to use Nanyang to refer to Wancheng, and Mr. Kong Ming lived in Wancheng. As we said earlier, Wancheng was garrisoned by Liu Biao's close associate Wen Ping, so how did Liu Bei take his second and third brothers to visit Zhuge Liang under Wen Ping's eyes? Moreover, in the dialogue between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang once said: "Order a general to pull the troops of Jingzhou toward Wan and Luo", which is obvious, Zhuge Liang could not have been in Wancheng at that time.
Speaking of which, the famous place where the three Gu Maolu occurred must meet four conditions:
First, it must fit the title of "Nanyang" in the original text;
Second, Xiangyang could not be under Liu Biao's jurisdiction;
Third, the geographical coordinates are in the south of Wancheng;
Fourth, it must conform to the description of the north of the Han River in the historical records.
Summed up in this way, the answer is also obvious, that is, Liu Bei's garrison, Xinye.
Xinye happened to be in the jurisdiction of Nanyang County at that time, Liu Bei could come and go freely in this place, and visiting Zhuge Liang was not restricted, and if you think about it carefully, only this place is in line with historical description.
Since the beginning of reform and opening up, Nanyang and Xiangyang have been fighting fiercely over the name of "the place where Zhuge Liang was born", and have launched fierce polemics in various cultural fields, because the historical celebrity of "Zhuge Kongming" has involved huge interests, culture, and beliefs. Therefore, some modern scholars have reconciled, saying that Nanyang was indeed the place where Zhuge Liang's half-cultivated and half-read waiting for Ming Jun, and Xiangyang Longzhong was also the residence of Zhuge Liang during his hard study tour, and both places have their commemorative significance.
Today, Zhuge Liang's descendants mainly live in 11 villages and towns within 50 kilometers of the three cities and counties of Jiande, Lanxi and Longyou in Zhejiang Province, where there are more than 8,000 descendants of Zhuge Liang, most of whom are the 49th and 50th generations of Zhuge Liang's grandsons.
Moreover, Zhuge Liang's descendants moved to Gaolong, Zhejiang during the Southern Song Dynasty to settle down, and the name of Gaolong took the meaning of Zhuge Liang's Gao Wolongzhong, which is now Zhuge Town in Lanxi City. Zhuge descendants scattered in the 7 villages around Gaolong, and in the Ming Dynasty people began to call Gaolong Zhuge Town, a name that has been called until now.
Now Zhuge Town has 2500 descendants of Zhuge descendants, which is the place with the highest concentration of descendants of Zhuge descendants, and has now become the center of activities of Zhuge descendants. Moreover, today, Zhuge Town preserves the Zhuge Grand GongTang and the Xiang Ci Hall, which were built in the Ming Dynasty, and treasures the "Genealogy of Zhuge Clan" on the treasure floor in the Grand Gong Hall.
Resources:
"The Table of The Master", "The Thousand-Year Controversy About Zhuge Liang's Origin", "Zhuge Liang's Descendants".