History of datong Confucian Temple
World of Cultural Relics, No. 02, 2011, Li Hai
Datong Fu Confucian Temple, also known as Datong Fuxue, is a symbol of Datong's inheritance of Confucian culture. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, most of the official schools at all levels throughout China have existed in the form of a combination of Confucianism and Confucius Temple. Sacrifice to the first saint Confucius, cultivate Confucian talents, so it is called temple science, also known as the palace of learning, the temple of literature. The Confucius Temple is the center of faith in the Xuegong, and Confucianism is the basis for the existence of the Xuegong. Local temple science (Confucian Temple) is generally located in the provinces, prefectures, and county towns of various places, and its architectural scale and standards are very high in the local area, and there are records of temple studies in the "Local Chronicles" of various places, and there are maps of the palaces. It can be seen that temple science occupies a very important position in the society at that time. Many scholars have made fruitful research on temple studies, but few have touched on temple studies in the Datong region. To this end, this article intends to make a preliminary discussion of the evolution of the Temple of Literature in Datong Province.
First, the origin of the Temple of Literature in Datong Province
The Temple of Literature in Datong Province has a long history. The Qingqianlong "Datong Fu Zhi School" records [1]: "Datong Fu Confucianism is in the southeast corner of the city. The old school was in the east of Fuzhi, namely Yuan Wei Zhongshuxue, Liaoxi Jingguozijian, Jin Shizhi Taixue, and Yuanzhi Datong County Xueye. In the eighth year of Ming Hongwu's reign, it was established as a prefectural school, and in the twenty-ninth year it was established as a substitute for the prefectural government, and yunzhongyi was changed to fuxue, that is, today's school." Based on this, the origin of the Temple of Literature in Datong Province and its early development are first discussed.
1. Northern Wei Pingcheng already has a "prototype" of temple science
The Preface to the Biography of Wei Shu Ru Lin [2]:
Taizu initially decided on the Central Plains, although he did not have time to give it in the day, he first built the capital, so he took the sutra as the first, established the Taixue, and placed the Five Classics doctorate, and there were more than a thousand students. In the spring of the second year of Tianxing, zengguozi and tai students were 3,000... Emperor Taizong, who changed the name of Guozi to ZhongshuXue ,was a professor with a doctorate. In the spring of the third year of the first light of the ancestors, don't learn too much in the east of the city... Xianzu Tian'an Chu, Zhao Li Xiangxue, two doctors, two teaching assistants, sixty students... Taihe Zhong, changed the study of Chinese calligraphy to Guozi Xue, Jianming Tang Puyong, and honored the three elders and five
three thousand". Emperor Taizong Mingyuan, out of political considerations, changed the number of guozi studies to Zhongshu studies. Emperor Taiwu of the Dynasty "did not start Taixue" in the east of Pingcheng, that is, to build another Taixue in the east of the city. Emperor Xianzu Xianwen of the First Heavenly Sect (466) "Zhaoli Xiangxue", that is, the establishment of local official schools, the implementation of the county system of national studies, and the number of doctors and students according to the size of the county. The promulgation and implementation of the Northern Wei local school system was the first of its kind in ancient China, as stated in the Wei Shu Gao Yun Biography: "County national studies have since begun" [3]. Emperor Xiaowen of Gaozu changed the study of Zhongshu to Guozi Xue, and at the same time opened the Imperial Sect For the children of the Imperial Family.
Northern Wei Zhongshu studies are unique [4]. At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Tuoba Xianbei regime urgently needed the participation of the Han ethnic elite, so Zhongshu Learning came into being. According to the Biography of Li Shun of the Book of Wei, Li Shun was "a member of the ShenRui Zhong, a doctor of Zhongshu, and a servant of the Zhongshu Zhongshu". According to this, at the latest in the Shenrui period (414-416), the Ming Yuan Emperor changed the study of guozi to Zhongshu. This is not only a change in the name, but also a change in the nature of the school, zhongshuxue is both an educational institution and an institution that absorbed and controlled the Han ethnic group in the early Northern Wei Dynasty. Northern Wei Zhongshu was subordinate to Zhongshu Province, not Taichang. Most of the doctoral students and students are members of the Han ethnic group. Although Zhongshu Studies is taught in the Five Classics, dr. Zhongshu does not specialize in teaching the Scriptures. Secondary school students also have a grade, and when they enter the school, they are treated as seven-pin officials, and they can enter the army without going through the Ming Jing Strategy Examination. Many members of the Han chinese ethnic group started from Zhongshu studies and became most prominent. Therefore, entering The study of Chinese calligraphy also became an important way for the Han people to participate in the Northern Wei regime and maintain their political status. By the time of Emperor Xiaowen's reign, the status of Han Chinese in the imperial court had been significantly enhanced, and those Han Chinese who had been officials for generations could already compete with the Xianbei nobles in the Northern Wei regime. In this way, Zhongshuxue also completed its historical mission, and Emperor Xiaowen changed Zhongshuxue to Guozixue in the sixteenth year of Taihe (492). Northern Wei Zhongshu studies existed for more than 70 years.
The construction of the Confucius Temple in the official school began in the Northern Wei Pingcheng. In the fifth year (413) of emperor Yongxing of the Ming Dynasty, he issued an edict that "Confucius should be honored with Guoxue and matched with Yan Yuan".[6] The Book of Wei records that in February of the third year (426) of the first year of shizu shiguang, "he learned from Chengdong, worshipped Confucius, and matched with Yan Yuan".[7] It is the beginning of the confucius temple in the school in Chinese history. In this way, there are temples and learning, and the two are closely related to the education of respecting Confucius and Confucianism in the space they built, and although the name of "temple science" was not seen at that time, it had begun to form the rudiments of "temple science".
The Northern Wei Dynasty not only built Confucius Temples in the Official Schools of the Imperial Household, but also erected Confucius Temples in schools in various prefectures and counties during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen at the latest. The Biography of Liu Daobin of the Book of Wei says: "Daobin was in Hengnong, repairing the Academy, building a Temple of Confucius, and drawing images. After going to the county, the people remembered it, but repaid the Daobin shape to the west of the statue of Confucius and prayed to him" [8]. Liu Daobin was a member of the Xiaowen Emperor's time, and after serving as the Taishou of Hengnong, he repaired the Junxue And built the Confucius Temple in the Academy. After he left his post, the people of Hengnong, in order to commemorate him, painted his portrait on the right side of the statue of Confucius, which also opened a precedent for setting up a famous eunuch shrine in local temple studies.
From the eighteenth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (494) to the later Jin Dynasty Tianfuchu (936), when Shi Jingtang ceded you and Yun Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitans, ancient Chinese temple studies developed greatly. For example, in the fourth year (629) of Emperor Taizong of Tang," he issued an edict that "all prefectures and counties should be confucius temples" [9]. During this period, Datong was the seat of state government for a long time, and although it was abandoned, it was short-lived. According to the county school system, it is reasonable to set up a prefectural school, but unfortunately the history is not as good as it is, and the details are unknown.
2. The development of Datong temple studies in the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties
(1) Liaoxi Jingguo Zijian. In 947, Emperor Taizong of Liao changed the Khitan state to the Great Liao state. At the beginning of the Liao Dynasty, Datong was Yunzhou, and in the thirteenth year (1044) of Emperor Xingzong of Liaoxing, yunzhou was changed to Xijing, which was the capital of Liao. In the same year, xijing guozijian was established in Xijing, which was the highest institution of learning in Datong after the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty "Shanxi Tongzhi" records that the Liaoxi Jingguozijian ruled the southeast of Datong Province. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Qiyan's "Records of Qiwentang" said: "In the clouds, in the Liao, Jin is accompanying Beijing... Xue is the former state of Liao, and Hongchang Jing is deeply crowned by him" [10].
In addition to the Guozijian, the Liao also established the Xijing School (probably the Xijing Taixue) and the prefecture and county schools in Xijing. The LiaoShi Shengzong Ji records that in December of the first year (1055) of emperor Daozong's Qingning dynasty, he "set up a scholar to raise scholars". The "Liao Shi Shi Zhi Zhi" also states: "Emperor Daozong set up a scholar, so there was Xijing Xue, there was Fengsheng, Naturalization, Yun, De, Hong, Wei, Concubine, Confucianism and other state studies, each built a Confucius temple, Ling Doctor, teaching assistants, belonged to the county annex" [11].
In the 78th year of the Liao Dynasty, the Xijing Guozijian, the Xijing Taixue and the Fuxue were set up, and all kinds of educational institutions were complete, and a number of famous scholars and officials were trained.
(2) Kim Seok-kyo Jurchen Taigaku. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, emperor Tianzuo moved the capital to Datong, Xijing, and fought fiercely with the Jin people here. In the sixth year (1122) of Jin Taizu Tianfu, he captured Xijing and liao fell. Jin still used Xijing as his capital. At the beginning of Jin Liguo, he was busy with conquest and had almost no official learning to speak of, but he attached great importance to the Jurchen script education of Jurchen children. In the third year of Jin Taizu Tianfu (119), the Jurchen scholar Yan Xiyin created the Jurchen characters. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Jin (1123-1135), Jurchen Characters were set up in Shangjing, Beijing, and Xijing, teaching Jurchen characters. At that time, the Jurchen Characters set up by Xijing Datong was one of the only three Jurchen Characters in the Jin Dynasty. In the first year of the Tianju Dynasty (1138), Emperor Xizong promulgated the Jurchen Small Characters, laying the foundation for Jurchen official studies.
During the jin shizong and zhangzong periods, Confucianism and shangwen were advocated, and official learning at all levels was greatly developed. Zhao Bingwen (1159-1232) of the Jin Dynasty said: "Since the Great Ding Dynasty, the government and religion are lazy, the customs are perfect, and the Ming Chang is changed, and the World Xingxue is tried, the thorns are above the county, the officials are lazy, and the counties are established voluntarily by the scholars, and the decrees are written." From the temple to the rise of temple science everywhere". The central government of the Jin Dynasty set up the Guozijian, which was under the jurisdiction of Guozixue and Taixue. At the local level, there are prefectural schools, state schools, festival towns, defensive state schools, etc. The Jin Shi Electoral Chronicle records 10 that In the sixteenth year (1176) of Emperor Zhangzong's reign, fuxue was established, "there are 4 fuxue 20, 39 jiezhenxue, 21 defensive state studies, and 1,800 people." The Jin Shi Zhangzong Benji records that in the fourth year of Taihe (1204), "the history of the zhao thorn, the prefecture and county did not have a scholar of the Xuansheng Temple and added it". According to these records, it can be inferred that at that time, there was no doubt that fuxue was set up in Datong.
In order to cultivate Jurchen talents, the Jin Dynasty specially set up the Jurchen Guozi And Jurchen Taixue to teach in the Jurchen language and script. The students are mainly Jurchen children. In the 28th year of Dading (1198), 22 Jurchen Taixue schools were established in Zhufu Prefecture, located in Zhongdu, Shangjing, Huligai, Zipin, Taizhou, Linhuang, Beijing, Jizhou, Kaizhou, Fengzhou, Xijing, Tokyo and other places. According to this, at that time, the Jurchen Taixue was set up in Datong, Xijing. Qianlong's Datong Fuzhi called it "the Taixue of the Golden Age", which is not accurate enough. Ming Zhangqin's "Chronicle of Datong Fu and Reconstruction of Datong Prefecture County" (大同府府志: "Fu County Xue used to be in the southeast of Fuzhi, namely Wei Zhongshu Xue, Jin's Daughter ZhenTai Xue, and Liao's Guozi Jianye". This record is credible, and the Jin Nu Zhen Tai Xue was set up on the basis of the Liao Kingdom Zijian.
Jin has owned Xijing for 91 years, and has set up Jurchen Character Studies, Jurchen Taixue and Fuxue, making positive contributions to the educational development of Xijing Datong.
(3 Yuan Datong Temple Learning.) In the eighth year of Genghis Khan, Jin Chongqing II, 1213), Jin Xijing Datong was occupied by the Mongols. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Datong was Xijing Road. In the 25th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), Kublai Khan changed Xijing Road to Datong Road. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the school was severely damaged. At the beginning of the yuan, the recovery begins. Yelü Chucai (1190-1244) wrote the poem "Rebuilding the Xuansheng Temple in the Clouds" Yun: "The Huai Palace is mixed with jade and burned, and the temple looks like an ancient cloud." He must be more refined, and he will cease to teach the wind and mourn the Sven".[18] Extrapolating from Yelü Chucai's age, "Rebuilding the Xuansheng Temple in the Clouds" should have been created before and after the extinction of gold. According to this, at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he began to rebuild the Xijing (Datong) temple study.
In the first year of Kublai Khan's Great Virtue (1297), Sun Gong, a servant of the Ministry of Works, served as the governor of Xijing Road, and after serving as the governor of the prefecture, he restored the Xijing Datong School in the former LiaoGuoZijian. Chongwen Hall was founded in the northwest of Dacheng Hall, which is "magnificent and magnificent, depending on the old system". After the restoration, The Datong School "gathered in the crowd, the practitioners, the outdoor ass was always full, and the sound of string chanting filled the neighboring counties, but now it is effective".[19] It is inaccurate that Qing Shunzhi's "Records of Yunzhong County" and Qianlong's "Chronicle of Datong Province" call it "Yuanzhi Datong County School", and the general manager of Xijing Road and the Great Yin Sun Gong of Datong Province should restore Datong Fuxue or Fuxue Attached County School.
2. DatongFu Confucian Temple during the Ming and Qing dynasties
1. The founding of the Ming Dynasty DatongFu Confucian Temple
In the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369), Chang Yuchun conquered Datong and changed Datong Road to Datong Province, which was subordinate to Zhongshu Province in Shanxi and ruled Datong County. As mentioned above, in the eighth year of Ming Hongwu (1375), Datong Fuxue was established on the basis of the original Liao, Jin, and Yuanmiao studies. In the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), Datong Fuxue was rebuilt into the residence of the DaiwangFu, and at that time, Yunzhongyi (the former location of Datong No. 6 Middle School) was built in Datong Fuxue, that is, Datong Fuwen Temple.
2. Repair and addition of the Temple of Literature in Datong Province
From September of the first year of Ming Xuande (1426) to May of the second year of Xuande, Shen Gu (later the inspector of Datong), Zheng Heng the Marquis of Wu'an, and the general Cao Jian of Shandong "removed their old" and rebuilt the Temple of Literature in Datong Province. The university scholar Yang Rong wrote the "Datong Temple Study Record", which is still alive and included in Ming Zhengde's "Datong Fu Zhi" and other prefectural and county records.
From March of the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1443) to June of the eighth year of the Reign of the Ming Dynasty, Inspector Luo Hengxin, The Chief Soldier Zhu Mian and the prefect Huo Xuan further continued the construction of the Temple of Literature in Datong Province. Chen Xunzuo, a university scholar, recorded it in the "Record of reconstructing temples in Datong Province", which is still alive and is included in Ming Zhengde's "Datong Fu Zhi" and other prefectural and county chronicles.
In the eighth year of Ming Jiajing (1529), he built the Jingyi Pavilion, established the Imperial Household "Jing Yi Zhen" and annotated the Song Ru "Five Proverbs" stone carvings.
In the tenth year of Ming Jiajing (1531), the Qisheng Shrine was built.
In the winter of the twelfth year of Ming Jiajing (1533), a mutiny occurred in Datong. The Temple of Literature in Datong Province was destroyed in the fire and "destroyed without any weight".
From the autumn of the thirteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1534) to the summer of the fourteenth year of Jiajing, Fan Jizu, the governor of Datong, Wang Huan, the prefect of Datong, and his successor Wang Yun, rebuilt the Temple of Literature in Datong Province, which will be preserved in later generations. The Temple of Literature of the Province "greatly changed the old view. Neutral Confucius Temple, Qianji Gate, Qianpan Gate, Qianlang Star Gate... Chongwen Junge, the wall stands on the back. Left prefectural school, right prefectural school. The hall is worse than the temple, and there are fasts, houses, and houses next to them. After the signing, each pavilion was built, and its name was 'Spring Wind' and 'Shi Yu'. In front of the fu school, a pavilion was built. In front of the county school, the Qi Sacred Shrine was built. Time-based also. To the shrine, to the cook, to the sage, to the eunuch, to the poor, all have a direction" [23]. Zuo Tongzheng Du Nan wrote the "Record of Rebuilding Datong Prefecture County", which is still alive and included in Ming Zhengde's "Datong Fu Zhi" and other prefectural county records.
In the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1536), Shi Dao succeeded Fan Jizu as the inspector of Datong. Shi Dao and the inspector Guo Shishu and others rebuilt the Fuwen Temple by Fan Jizu to "re-modify and polish it". Shi Dao wrote his own "Record of Rebuilding the Temple Study Stele of Datong Prefecture", which is still alive and is included in the QingQianlong "Datong Fu Zhi" and other prefectural county records.
In the sixth year of Ming Zhengde (1511), Shi Jiu, the inspector of Datong, and Chen Bangqi, the senator of Shanxi Branch, built a famous eunuch temple. Liu Chun, the Rebbe Shangshu, recorded in the Records of the Eunuchs of the Same Name, which is still extant and is included in Ming Zhengde's "Datong Fu Zhi" and other prefectural and county records.
In the third year of Ming Longqing (1569), Cheng Mingyi, the prefect of Datong, "moved the Qisheng Ancestral Hall and the Jingyi Pavilion on the left, and moved the Wenchang Pavilion and the Kuixing Pavilion twelve steps away from the east and west".
In the sixth year of Ming Longqing (1573), Nie Shouzhong, the prefect of Datong County, Shuang Fengming of Zhixian County, and Professor Fan Sicheng added to the Temple of Literature.
In the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1575), Feng Zilu, the inspector, moved the Datong County School from the Fuwen Temple to the northwest corner of the city (now the location of the Datong Women's and Children's Hospital).
In the eleventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1583), Inspector Jia Yingyuan built a new Wenchang Ancestral Hall, and Jia Yingyuan recorded it in the "Monument to the New Wenchang Ancestral Hall", which still exists and is included in the Records of The Prefectures and Counties such as the "Datong Fu Zhi" of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.
In the twenty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1597), the prefect Huang Shan Fu built the Kuixing Building.
In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1624), Chen Yuanqing, the prefect of Datong, rebuilt the Cloud Road and built the Wild Goose Pagoda. The Wild Goose Pagoda is an octagonal, seven-level hollow brick tower, and the base of the tower is engraved with the names of datong dynasties. The tower is about 17 meters high and was built on the southern city wall. The tower still exists.
In the eleventh year of Ming Qizhen (1636), Qu Zhongyue, the prefect of Datong, carved a stele of Zhu Xi's "I Ching" on the main wall of the Minglun Hall of the Fuwen Temple. The stele is 4 through, a total of 14 lines, each line of 8 characters, a total of 112 characters, word diameter 12 ~ 14 cm. The original stele is a large character book written by Zhu Xi, and Cai Yuanding is engraved. In the early 1950s, the four stele were inlaid on the front wall of the Daxiong Treasure Hall of Shanghuayan Temple, and in 1984, they were moved to the original Datong Museum under the stele gallery.
In the twelfth year of Qing Shunzhi (1656), the governor Ma Zhixian rebuilt the Datong Fu Confucian Temple, and wrote the "Reconstruction of the Temple" to Wei Xiangshu, which is still alive and included in the Qing Qianlong".
In the ninth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1671), Lin Benyuan, the prefect of Datong, and Li Jichang, a professor, rebuilt the Temple of Literature in The House of Literature, and Li Zongkong of Langzhong [27] did not exist.
In the forty-first year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1703), Ye Jiusi, the prefect of Datong, rebuilt the Fuwen Temple. The inscription still exists.
In the third year of Qing Yongzheng (1726), the Qisheng Ancestral Hall was renamed the Chongsheng Ancestral Hall.
In the seventh year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1743), the prefect of Datong, Tong'anBu, rebuilt the Fuwen Temple IV. The note does not exist.
In the thirty-fifth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1771), shi Yigui, the prefect of Datong, rebuilt the Fuwen Temple, and Shi Yigui wrote his own "Monument to the Reconstruction of Datong Fu", which is still alive and included in the "Datong Fu Zhi" of The Qianlong Dynasty.
In the forty-seventh year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1783), Wen Guang, the prefect of Datong, rebuilt the Fuwen Temple, and Wen Guang wrote his own "Record of Rebuilding the Datong Fu Xue Stele", which is still alive and included in the QingQianlong "Datong Fu Zhi".
In March of the 20th year of Qing Jiaqing (1816), the Fu ××, the prefect of Datong, rebuilt the Datong Fu Confucian Temple, and the Inspector Xuezheng Chen Songqing wrote the "Monument to the Reconstruction of the Datong Fu Confucian Temple", which is still alive and is included in Qing Daoguang's "Datong County Chronicle"0.
In the nineteenth year of Qing Daoguang (1840), the Fuwen Temple was rebuilt, and the inscription still exists. After Daoguang, no specific information has been collected on the repair of the Fuwen Temple.
In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), the imperial examination system was abolished, and the edict "the examination was suspended and the school was widely established", and the datong school ended.
In the late 1940s, Datong Normal School was established in the Fuwen Temple.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Datong Medical College (1958) and Datong No. 6 Middle School (1971-2008) were founded in the Fuwen Temple.
3. Structure of the Confucian Temple of Datong Province in the Qing Dynasty
The Datong Confucian Temple was built many times by the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, and by the time of Qianlong it had become a large-scale standard temple building complex, with the entire building facing north and south, and the left temple and right school.
Confucius Temple: The southernmost is the Yunlu Arch and Dacheng Fang, and the eastern part is the "Daoguan Ancient and Modern Fang" (Yilu Fang), and the western part is the "Depai Tiandifang" (LimenFang). Directly north of Dacheng Fang is the Lingxing Gate, which consists of three arches, in front of which 10 stone lions are lined up, and the "Dismount monument" is erected on the left and right. The gate is Pan Pond, which has a stone ring bridge. There is a Zaiming Hall in the east of Panchi and a Jieqing Hall in the west. Across the bridge is the Dacheng Gate (戟門), the east of the gate is the ancestral hall of the name, and the west of the gate is the xiangxian ancestral hall. The gate is the Dacheng Hall, which has the east hall in the east, the west temple, the god treasury on the left, and the god kitchen on the right. Behind the Dacheng Hall is the Zunjing Pavilion, and to the northwest of the hall is the Chongsheng Ancestral Hall.
Confucianism: In the east of the Confucius Temple, from south to north are Confucianism Gate, Dongxi Zhai, Minglun Hall, Fuxue Professor's Office, etc.; To the east are the Kuixing Building, Wenchang Ancestral Hall, Jingyi Pavilion, Zhuyi Pavilion and other buildings.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, although Confucianism was discontinued, the Fuwen Temple was completely built. In 1907, the Frenchman Sha Qi took many precious photographs of the Fuwen Temple.
Since the Republic of China, most of the buildings of the Datong Confucian Temple have fallen into disrepair, and with the addition of artificial demolition and modification, they have lost their original appearance. During the occupation of the Fuwen Temple in Datong No. 6 Middle School, only the Dacheng Hall was preserved and the structure was intact. The nave is five rooms wide (30.5 m) and three deep (18.5 m. Single eaves on the top of the hill, covered with yellow glazed tiles, six chess pieces, two flowers each. The round-and-turning chess is complicated and complex, and the column net arrangement is a column subtraction method. The platform railing has stone carved music and dance, flowers, plants, animals, and animals, with a variety of shapes and interests.
In 1983, Datong City renovated the Fuwen Temple and listed it as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.
III. Concluding Remarks
In 2008, Datong City launched the protection and restoration project of fuwen temple. After two years, the Zunjing Pavilion, the East-West Pavilion, the East-West Corridor, the Monument Pavilion, the Monument Corridor, the Panchi, the Lingxing Gate, and the Yimen Gate were rebuilt according to the original form of the Temple of Literature. Ancient buildings such as The Dacheng Hall, the Divine Kitchen, the Shrine, the Xiangxian Ancestral Hall, the Ancestral Hall, and the Gate of the Shrine have been restored. The statue of Confucius is located between the Dacheng Hall and the Zunjing Pavilion. In front of the Lingxing Gate, There is also a Cloud Road Street with 3 archways.
After the restoration, the Fuwen Temple has strict regulations, magnificent temples, beautiful architecture, well-proportioned layout, unique shape, and a total area of more than 40,000 square meters; It has become one of the largest fuwen temples in Shanxi and even the whole country. During the writing of this article. I am deeply grateful for the help of Mr. Zhao Liren, an expert in Ming history of Shanxi Datong University, and Hu Xuezhong, deputy director of the Cultural Relics Management Institute of Datong Province.