Black holes are objectively existing and extremely powerful celestial forms in the universe, because of the huge gravitational pull of their core, there is no force to compete with them, so matter will continue to collapse to the center, theoretically the center of the black hole is an infinite density and infinitely small singularity.
Since the center of a black hole is a singularity of infinite density and infinite small size, why is there a difference between black holes and sizes? Although the volume of all black hole central singularities is infinitely small, the masses of the singularities are different, and the greater the mass, the greater the gravitational force and the greater the event horizon. Gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so the farther away the distance, the smaller the gravitational force, such as the gravitational pull of artificial satellites operating in low-Earth orbit of the Earth at 200 km to more than 2000 km.
The same is true of black holes, the farther away from the center of the black hole, the less gravitational force they are subjected to, so there is the concept of the "event horizon" of the black hole.
To get rid of the shackles of gravity requires a fast enough initial speed, the greater the gravitational force, the greater the initial speed required, within the black hole event horizon, because the gravitational force is too strong, so even the fastest light can not escape, so here becomes a completely invisible area, the black hole "black" from this. Since all the matter that enters the interior of the black hole, including light, cannot escape, then that means that the black hole is a "light that cannot be pulled", which will only increase the mass, but will not lose mass, so why say that the black hole can lose mass through "Hawking radiation"? How exactly does the famous Hawking radiation radiate?
To talk about Hawking radiation, we must first start with antimatter. The universe we live in is made up of a variety of matter, and before the birth of the universe, there was not only matter, but also antimatter, and the encounter of matter with its corresponding antimatter would annihilate, and the mass before annihilation would be released in the form of energy.
For some reason, the amount of matter and antimatter is not equal, so after annihilation, the excess matter remains to form our current universe. Since the world we live in is made of matter, how do we know that there is antimatter? The first person to predict antimatter was the physicist Paul Dirac, who, when he created Dirac's equation, had two possible solutions, one for electrons to have positive energy and the other to say that electrons had negative energy, so he predicted that each particle would have a counterpart antiparticle.
In 1932, human beings first discovered the antimatter of electrons, that is, "positrons", Dirac's prediction was confirmed, followed by the discovery of antiprotons in 1954, and the discovery of anti-neutrons in 1956, and these things can form antiatoms, and anti-atoms can be combined into various macroscopic forms of antimatter.
Where is antimatter? Antimatter can be seen everywhere, it will jump out of the vacuum without warning, and it will disappear into the vacuum with lightning speed. What do you mean? This means that positive and negative pairs of matter will appear in a vacuum for no reason. Of course, neither positive matter nor antimatter can be created out of thin air, so the vacuum is not actually empty, it is full of vacuum energy.
The process by which positive and negative matter bounces out of a vacuum is essentially a process of converting energy into mass, and here the energy is borrowed from the vacuum. Just as the so-called "borrowing and borrowing is not difficult", after the appearance of positive and negative substances, they will quickly collide and annihilate each other, so the energy is returned to the vacuum.
Is there a way to leave the antimatter behind? Yes. When the positive and negative material pairs appear near the irradiation point, they will be quickly pulled apart due to the irradiation of the laser, and the two cannot meet and annihilate, and the antimatter will be left behind. Now we know what antimatter is, and we know how antimatter appears and how to leave it behind, but what does all this have to do with Hawking radiation? It doesn't matter. Positive and negative pairs of matter may appear in any space, and may also happen to appear at the edge of the black hole's event horizon.
When a pair of positive and negative matter happens to appear at the edge of the black hole's event horizon, particles of matter outside the event horizon will escape at the speed of light, while antimatter particles located within the event horizon are trapped inside the black hole due to strong gravity.
Now the question is, the emergence of positive and negative material pairs is because of the borrowing of energy from the vacuum, and now the matter has run away, and it cannot be annihilated to return the energy, what to do? Quite simply, the antimatter left in the black hole will annihilate the corresponding matter in the black hole and return the energy to the vacuum, so that the matter inside the black hole is reduced and the mass is reduced, which is Hawking radiation. Of course, the mass loss caused by Hawking radiation is negligible for massive black holes in the universe, but if it is a miniature black hole created by humans in the collider, it will immediately evaporate because of this radiation.