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04 "Dry Gang Dictatorship"
Yongzheng was very disgusted by the public opinion evaluation of the officialdom selling fame and reputation, making friends with the party, and the scholars. "In the past, there was no difference in the world. When the order is given, it is prudent to consider whether it is fair and upright, moderate and reasonable, and as for the side-by-side jealousy, it is also time to look at the plan. There are countless people in the world, and all their thoughts are different, how can they keep their mouths shut. ”
Meaning: the so-called public opinion is not necessarily just, therefore not trustworthy, everything is in the mind of the monarch. No nonsense, just leave it to me! This is called "the dictatorship of the cadres."
To achieve this goal, it is particularly important to grasp the situation of the government and officials, and Yongzheng is mainly achieved through two forms. i.e. secret agents and secret folds.
Manchuria, which arose in the northeast, had good conditions for secret agent politics. The Eight Banners Organization is a directly subordinate force and a clothed slave of the emperor. The eight banners were either selected as bodyguards, or ordered to serve as secret missions, or sent to various places as secret agents to monitor the words and deeds of officials at all levels.
Eight Flags Armor
In addition to the traditional system of "inscriptions" for officials to report to the emperor, Yongzheng also created the "folding" or "secret folding" system. The so-called "recital" is a secret letter written by officials at all levels to the emperor. Yongzheng demanded that not only the governor and the inspector, but also the administrative department, the inspector, the admiral, the general soldier, the Daoist, and the prefect must all play to the Son of Heaven.
Before taking office as magistrates, officials above the prefect level will first be summoned to the palace to pay homage to the Son of Heaven. In addition to his earnest instructions, the Son of Heaven also authorized him to present private letters to the Son of Heaven in the future. He also gave the official four "folding boxes". Eight inches long, four inches wide and one inch five high. The exterior is coated with yellow paint, and the inside is framed with yellow silk, which can be locked. Two identical keys, one to keep the Son of Heaven and one to the official himself.
Such a painstaking and lonely design, Yongzheng said very thoroughly: "The way to rule the world is to use people first." It is necessary to make good use of its strengths and prevent its defection. Employing people's strengths is the need to cultivate cronies, and preventing their defection is a necessity to crack down on dissidents. And the secret fold is the guarantee of the system.
For example, Ortai, a favorite minister who was then the governor of Yunnan, recommended Wang Shaoxu as the governor of Guangzhou. Yongzheng did not recommend people as a close confidant, so he took it lightly. The secret order was ordered to the Guangzhou general Shi Liha to pay attention to the listening, according to the facts. At the same time, the two governors secretly folded the report, and the two corroborated each other, until the multi-party secret fold was unanimous, and then the appointment was decided. The secret folding newspaper not only examines the recommended person in many ways, but also supervises the examiner in the confirmation, which has an irreplaceable role in the supervision of officials.
Secret Fold
To think that the recital is just a formality and a formality is a big mistake. Giving the emperor a blow is not only the right of officials, but also the obligation. If officials are slack and perfunctory, they will certainly be angrily rebuked by Yongzheng.
"Local affairs are like the rule of the people's sentiments, why haven't you seen the word Chen Song when you are old and rich?"
"It is very inappropriate to report such a sloppy report."
"Erju officials are only skillful in their work, and there is not a single thing that can be heard of in Tong Province?"
"I heard it elsewhere. Ru Jin's face to Yuan? If the clouds don't hear or see, they are earless and eyeless puppet people!"
Or just scold:
"Foolishness is irremediable, and so is the word."
"Even the beasts are not as good as the beasts."
"It can be said that the conscience of the gods is lost, and the shameless people are also."
"It is the ignorance of wood and stone, and it is not human."
The secret folding system is like a sword hanging over the heads of civil and military officials at all levels, making people feel uncertain about life and death, and they are at a loss. Becoming a sharp weapon for Yongzheng to deal with officials made the courtiers feel even more frightened.
05 "Diligent Words Of Otaku"
When the Kangxi Emperor, the father of Yongzheng, was tired of political affairs, he went to enjoy the scenery of Jiangnan and toured the Suzhou and Hangzhou areas along the canal several times. Later Qianlong also followed the example of his ancestors. Only the Yongzheng Emperor did not have any spare time, only occasionally went to the Yuanmingyuan on the outskirts of Beijing, and did not step out of Beijing at all. I fell asleep at twelve o'clock at night, got up again at four o'clock in the morning, and when I woke up, I was fully engaged in political affairs, and there was no moment of leisure, which can be described as a model of hard work.
Every morning I get up at four o'clock and read the records of the First Emperor and the Sermon. At seven o'clock in the morning, he met with the minister to discuss state affairs with him. It usually lasts until the early afternoon. Then there is the call of scholars to explain the scriptures or history. In the evening, he used his time to review the notes from local officials, and must personally write replies, known as the "Zhu Approval Decree". About fifty or sixty copies a day should be seen.
See Sonata
"I am determined to be diligent in the world. All the ministers and ministers in the world have folded and folded their hands. Probably nine times out of ten foreign late critics. Although the report of the Secretary of State is a thousand words long, it has been read from beginning to end. This one is also approved by the lamp. Because there was a word of fear in the Qing Song, he wrote this edict. It was halfway through the night. ”
Sometimes, Yongzheng's Zhu Batch reply was several times longer than the official's folding article itself. Even for typos in the official's writing, or where the words are used incorrectly, they will circle and correct them. Looking around, it is full of big red font. It's well-intentioned!
In the tenth year of Yongzheng, the emperor decided to publish his Zhu Zhizhi decree. The whole book was not finally completed until the early years of Qianlong. And, according to records, only a part of it was published. In the east and west corners of the Palace Baohe Hall, the folds with Yongzheng Zhu Batch are several times higher than this, and they are piled up like mountains. Carefully watching Yongzheng's Zhu Pi, the logic of the writing and language is clear, which makes people feel quite happy after reading.
06 "Debate Battle Value Bursting"
In the sixth year of Yongzheng, the "letter submission case" occurred. The protagonists of the case are Zeng Jing and Zhang Xishi. Zeng Jing was a talent during the Kangxi Dynasty, and when he failed to do so, he made a living by reading and teaching apprentices, and worshipped the Zhejiang scholar Lü Liuliang all his life. Lü Liuliang was a leading figure in the early Qing Dynasty who reflected on the fall of the Ming Dynasty and criticized the absolute monarchy. Rumors circulated that Yongzheng had struck nian qianyao, and rumors that Yue Zhongqi had replaced Nian Qianyao in charge of the northwest military power as a descendant of Yue Fei.
Yue Zhongqi
Therefore, Zeng Jing had a whimsical idea and sent his apprentice Zhang Xi to Shaanxi to submit a letter to persuade Yue Zhongqi to rebel against the Qing. Later, Yue Zhongqi informed that the Yongzheng Emperor had Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi arrested Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi for treason. Therefore, Yongzheng personally participated in and presided over the interrogation process of this case, and his eloquent eloquence and strong logical thinking were revealed.
In response to Zeng Jing's blunt enumeration of the twenty-seven points that blamed Yongzheng, Yongzheng explained them clearly one by one, proving that they were fabricated out of thin air, and then asked Zeng Jing's opinion on his explanation, and Zeng Jing finally bowed down and confessed. In particular, in response to Zeng Jing's suggestion that "the Qing Dynasty was a foreign ruler, so it was not an orthodox monarch, and the Han people had no obligation to be loyal to it."
Yongzheng retorted:
"The monarch is the destiny of heaven, as the Chinese sages taught. Whether it is the king of the Mandate of Heaven or a han chinese or a foreigner. Although my dynasty is a foreign race, there is no one who I look up to and receive the righteousness of the kingdom. I am moving toward Manchuria, and I am facing the ears of the Ming Dynasty. And the world of the Ming Dynasty was lost at the hands of thieves. The Mandate of Heaven is passed upon to me. It is not me who dies, but I kill myself. Ming has destroyed the lives of the people, and I will rule China in order to save the people. Throughout history, there is no one who has won the world more than this. If it is a foreign race, it is not possible, and the scriptures do not record that Shun and Tang are both Dongyi people. The Han people regarded the Mongols as foreign, and the Mongols also despised the Han people as barbarians, so it was the humble and ugly view of later generations. Loyalty and righteousness are the lessons of the Chinese saints that are unchanging in all things, and they are valuable ways that transcend the nation. ”
"The Mystery of the Great Righteousness"
Later, the Yongzheng Emperor compiled a book on his debate with Zeng Jing, "The Mystery of the Great Righteousness". In this book, it can be seen that Zeng Jing could not resist the Yongzheng Emperor's sharp rhetorical questions, calling himself a "repeat offender". However, it is inconceivable that in the end, Yongzheng actually pardoned him and let him live.
The reason for this was that he wanted to use Zeng Jing's spread throughout the countryside to preach the "Mystery of the Great Righteousness" and use public opinion to publicize the legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty's rule. The cleverness of his means is to admire his sophisticated political strategy. He didn't get away with killing one or two civilians. Instead, it launched a political encirclement and suppression of ideologies against the ideological circles that were deeply influenced by the ideological and cultural circles of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
What is interesting about Yongzheng lies in his "Emperor with a Thousand Faces" attribute, where is the emperor stupid and sweet?