??“ Faith to letter, doubt to doubt. "Meaning, the credible, is left as a credible transmission; Suspicious, still left as suspicious rumors. It refers to the adoption of an objective and prudent attitude towards different statements in literature and legends. The history books written by the ancients are generally in accordance with such a style.
This rigid dogmatic attitude is irresponsible and is not conducive to the in-depth study of historiography and the true presentation of history.
?? Mencius said that "it is better to believe in books than to have no books", which is to warn readers to have a spirit of doubt.
Recorded in the history books
, and it's not all true.
It will be mixed with the subjective prejudice of historians, and it will also reflect the ideological will of the ruler. Many of the records of the canonical history such as the "Chronicle of History", "Book of Han", and "Zizhi Tongjian" are still not credible, not to mention those barnyard official histories, historical reviews, deductive novels, folklore, and even films and TELEVISION series adapted from them.
The main reason why historians recorded and tampered with the facts against their will was
To cater to the rulers of the time.
They dare not record words and disgraceful facts that are unfavorable to the ruling class. Most of their records of rulers were positive, mostly exaggerated and exaggerated. This is understandable, because if it is not recorded according to the will of the rulers, they may face destruction.
Historical materials from the period of division are often more authentic and credible than those of the period of unification.
The more authoritarian the rule, the more constrained speech and writing become. From the pre-Qin dynasty to the early Han Dynasty, the country was basically in a state of division, with various exchanges of ideas colliding and various reforms rising and falling. Benevolent people take the initiative to seek better systems, take the initiative to try new ideas, and do not hesitate to save their lives. Of course, it was full of rebellion against the system of the time, and it was also full of pursuit of fame and interests. From emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who "deposed hundreds of families and exalted Confucianism alone",
People have shifted from taking the initiative to change the system and explore the road to how to adapt to the system at that time and how to cater to the inherent mode of rule, and the thinking of the subjects has become obedient and passive
This was a major turning point in the field of Chinese thought.
?? This kind of ideological pursuit of the transformation from active to passive, so that "a hundred schools of thought" become "the word of one family".
The more unified the thinking, the more monolithic the speech, and the supremacy of imperial power greatly reduces the authenticity of the history books
。
The voices opposed to the ruling class at that time would also be hidden. When speech is highly unified with one person, it is easy to form a cult of personality, and democracy and scientific decision-making will be threatened. However, it is not a good thing that there are more "voices", and if thousands of ideological understandings are not unified for a long time, the country cannot develop further. So
Moderate, balanced, moderate, etc
The idea has gradually become the creed of Chinese.
?? Thus
It's hard to understand the past
all
The truth
Even in today's technologically advanced world, it is difficult to record facts and people's thoughts 100% truthfully, let alone before. This is not to say that the historical records are all false, untrustworthy, or even suspicious of the times and societies in which we live now. Instead, it is not possible to judge the nature of things by partial generalization, one leaf obstruction, and out of context, and use the content of parts and stars to judge the nature of things;
Should
Look at history with a skeptical attitude, look at the present with a critical eye, and cultivate an objective and dialectical world outlook and historical outlook. (Text
| Han Naidong? Figure | network
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