Text: hawk8255
The Biography of Lingguan is a biography of a special style in the New Five Dynasties History. Ouyang Xiu first devoted a larger space to the faults of Lingguan, and then specifically to personal biographies, which later generations called "Lingguan Biography Sequence".
The length of this preface is second only to the Feng Dao Chuan Sequence, because the Lingguan Chuan Sequence was once included in high school texts, which made it widely circulated, and also made Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunxun one of the five most familiar emperors besides Li Yu and Zhou Shizong Guo Rong (Chai Rong).
Ouyang Xiu's compilation of the "New History of the Five Dynasties" has a very strong intention of borrowing from the past and the present. In his "Biography of the Empress Concubine", Liu Hou's power was emphasized, with the intention of telling the rulers that the harem should be abolished; the "Biography of the Eunuch" begins by saying, "Woohoo, since the ancient eunuchs and the misfortunes of women are deep... Although, you must not abstain. After that, he even borrowed the title to play, writing about the harm of the eunuchs of the Tang Dynasty! "Feng Daochuan", "Death Festival Biography" and "Death Story" are even more obviously praised and deprecated.
The "Biography of Lingguan" tells the Lord, "The misfortunes of husbands and wives often accumulate in the slightest, and Zhi Yong is trapped in drowning. "This is to tell Ming Jun to be cautious and cautious, and to take precautions against his own preferences!"
The legend of Li Ke, the King of Jin, written in the "Preface to the Biography of Lingguan", gave Zhuangzong Li Cunxun three arrows on his deathbed. Because there is no record in the main history, Ouyang Xiu used the word "Shiyan" to explain that this is just a legend. Briefly explain a few sentences in the preface:
"Liang, I hate," Liang Jin made a vendetta after breaking the Yellow Nest, Zhu Wen feasted on Li Keyong at Shangyuanyi, and did not know what was happening, or Zhu Wen had already planned it. The Liang people drunk Li Keyong and then attacked Shangyuanyi, and Li Keyong, who was already drunk and unconscious, escaped with the help of his adopted son Li Siyuan, and Liang Jin formed a great vendetta. Although the two sides attacked the battle, although each had a victory or defeat, when Li Keyong was dying, it was broken by Zhu Liang, leaving only the two cities of Taiyuan and Luzhou, and the situation was extremely critical!
"The King of Yan, I have established, the Khitan and I are brothers, and both turn their backs on the Jin to return to Liang." Liu Rengong, the King of Yan, was originally a military academy in Youzhou, but was defeated by Ben jin in an infighting. After Li Keyong occupied Youzhou, he appointed Liu Rengong as an envoy to Jiedu. Knowing that Liu Rengong no longer listened to Jin's envoys after he was moderate, he ignored Jin's request.
The King of Jin wrote a letter to rebuke Liu Rengong, killing all the surveillance soldiers left by the King of Jin and publicly breaking with the Jin. Li Ke sent troops to attack Liu Rengong, but was defeated by Liu Rengong, and Liu Rengong won independence. Liu Rengong's son Liu Shouguang later imprisoned him and called himself jiedushi, still making enemies of Liang and Jin. Therefore, Li Keyong said, "King Yan, I have established."
The Khitan back to Jin also had a great impact on Jin. At that time, Li Keyong was about brothers with khitan Abaoji, but after Liang usurped Tang, khitan declared himself a vassal to Liang and sent envoys to pay tribute to Liang. After that, he sent troops several times to make enemies of Jin, which contained Jin's troops and delayed the progress of the Jin war to destroy Liang.
"I hate these three. With Ersanya, Erqi has not forgotten the father's will. Li Ke gave Li Cunxun three arrows, so that Li Cunxun remembered to destroy Liang, Yan, and Khitan! Passing arrows is a common ritual used by ethnic minorities in the north, and when there are other orders, arrows are passed as letters. Therefore, these three things, even the dying instructions, are also the last orders that Li Ke uses!
"Fang Qi's father and son of Yan were in a group, the head of the Han Liang Junchen, entered the Taimiao Temple, and also succeeded in yaking the king, and his spirit was so grand that it could be described as magnificent!" After Li Cunxun broke the Liang army in Luzhou and Baixiang, Liu Shouguang actually claimed the title of emperor! Besieged by the Jin general Zhou Dewei for more than a year, Liu Shouguang had no choice but to descend to Jin. When hesitating, the Jin army invaded Youzhou. Li Cunxun tied Liu Rengong and Liu Shouguang to the Taimiao Temple and dedicated them to Li Keyong's spirit. This is the "yan father and son to the group" after the beheading of Liu Shouguang, escort Liu Rengong to the yanmen Li Ke tomb, stab his painstaking sacrifice tomb, and then behead him.
After twenty years of bitter fighting, Li Cunxun finally destroyed Liang, and the late Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen committed suicide, and Li Cunxun allowed the old ministers of the Liang Dynasty to bury Zhu Youzhen's body, paint his head, put it in a wooden box, and store it in the Taimiao Temple. Originally, he wanted to excavate Zhu Wen's body, but was dissuaded by the old ministers of the Liang Dynasty, and only cut off the tomb sealing soil. Then he beheaded a number of Liang Chen, and it is likely that the heads of these people were also painted and stored in the Taimiao Temple, which is the "head of the Han Liang Junchen".
After the destruction of Liang, Li Cunxun sent his eldest son Li Jiquan and the strategist Guo Chongtao to lead troops to destroy Shu, and it seemed that after them, Tang was like a fiery fire cooking oil and flowers. However, the Khitan in the north became increasingly powerful and captured Pingzhou; Yang Wu in the south did not surrender, and the strong army was raised in the southeast, but Li Cunxun turned a blind eye. His father Li Ke used three arrows to die, and when Li Cunxun's goal of one arrow was not achieved, he began to be satisfied.
Li Cunxun had two major hobbies, the same was singing, so he favored the servants and eunuchs. The other is hunting, which he hunts regardless of the season, trampling on farmland and affecting agricultural production. A county order was dissuaded by Ma Qian, and Li Cunxun wanted to kill him and then continue hunting. The contribution of the other town, he was included in the internal treasury, not for the use of the country, and killed Guo Chongtao and other heroes, withheld the salaries of soldiers, causing the whole country to deviate from Germany.
Wei Bo's soldier Huang Fuhui gambled at night and lost money, that is, he gathered the crowd to rebel, and the scale of the rebellion became larger and larger. Li Cunxun sent Li Siyuan to lead troops to quell the rebellion, and the soldiers under Li Siyuan also mutinied, forcing Li Siyuan to rebel. So the rebels and the peaceful rebels joined forces and rebelled together.
Emperor Zhuangzong Li Cunxun had to personally lead his troops to suppress the rebellion, and the soldiers he brought were also soldiers who had not received military salaries! No heart to fight, start fleeing along the road! Li Cunxun personally told them that King Jiquan of Wei would soon come with the money of the Shu Kingdom, and I would share it with everyone!
The sergeant replied, "Your Majesty gave it too late, and everyone will not be grateful if they get it!" Li Cunxun could do nothing about this, only to weep, and the hundred or so people cut their hair and placed them on the ground, swearing.
Li Cunxun moved east to Beizhou, but Li Siyuan entered Bian Prefecture first, and Li Cunxun had to return to Luoyang. Guo Congqian also instigated the army to rebel, shooting Li Cunxun inside the Xingjiao Gate, and Li Cunxun was killed.
Therefore, Ouyang Xiu sighed: Is it difficult to gain and easy to lose? Or is it all self-inflicted because of its success or failure? The Book says: "Full of losses, humble gains." "Sorrow can rejuvenate the country, Yiyu can die, and so can nature." Therefore, Fang Qisheng is also able to fight with the world's haojie Mo; and its decline, dozens of people are trapped, and the country is destroyed, laughing for the world. Misfortunes often accumulate in the slightest, and Zhi Yong is trapped in drowning, and it is not a good man! Wrote "Biography of Lingguan".
When the five generations are chaotic, most of the politicians are military generals, and it is very common that their cultural attainment is low, and they cannot learn from the successes and failures of their predecessors, and they do things in their own way, more or less thinking that they can win the world at once, and they can also rule the world at once.
It was through the success or failure of Li Cunxun and the rapid demise of the Later Han Dynasty that with these lessons from the past, the rulers of Later Zhou learned from experience and finally found the key to unifying the world and long-term peace and stability, laying a solid foundation for the stability of the Song Dynasty.
Through appearances, we should search for historical truths, take history as theory, tell personal opinions, and refuse to over-interpret unnecessarily. Friends who like Liaoxia Jinyuan and harem gossip can pay attention to monkey grid and will not disappoint you!