"Guan Yu carelessly lost Jingzhou" can be said to be a well-known, familiar historical allusion, Guan Yu because of the loss of Jingzhou ruined a british name, but also ended up in a tragic death, more importantly, thus changing the pattern of the Three Kingdoms, has become a major turning point in history, so that the revival of the Han Room is hopeless, Shu Han fans can not help but sigh for this. Therefore, in later generations, there were doubts about whether Guan Yu really carelessly lost Jingzhou, or whether the loss of Jingzhou was completely Guan Yu's responsibility? For this reason, there are also many opinions and controversies.
Was the "Battle of Xiangfan" in line with the overall strategic plan of the Shu Han Dynasty? "Longzhong Pair" is the embodiment of the overall strategic planning of Shu Han, and in reality, Liu Bei Group is also in accordance with this policy, and the realization of this strategy mainly has the following elements:
1. Seize Yizhou, and at the same time have the land of Jingyi Andi Prefecture, forming a three-point world pattern.
2. Under the orthodox banner of reviving the Han Dynasty, we will attract talents, develop the economy, and gather strength.
3. Handle the relations between the surrounding ethnic minorities, stabilize the rear, strengthen the Sun-Liu alliance, and jointly resist Cao.
4. When the world changes, yizhou and Jingzhou soldiers attack cao wei in two ways.
And the reality is that none of them have been achieved.
Was Guan Yu carrying out Liu Bei's orders? There is no historical record, but at the same time Liu Bei sent Meng Da to attack the Eastern Three Counties The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms clearly records that Meng Da only brought 4,000 soldiers, and the capture of the Eastern Three Counties was only a small battle, and the scale of the Battle of Xiangfan was not clearly recorded by Liu Bei. Guan Yu was the lord of Jingzhou at that time, and had the privilege of "false festivals", and he did not need to specifically ask Liu Bei for instructions in case of trouble, and could make his own decisions. It is not impossible to take Guan Yu's arrogant personality, or ask Liu Bei to act rashly without instructions.
Will Liu Bei launch a war against Cao at this time? The Battle of Hanzhong between Liu Bei and Cao Cao ended in May 219 AD and lasted for nearly two years, Liu Beifang's troops were insufficient, and it had reached the point where men were in battle and women were in luck, which showed how difficult the war process was. The Battle of Hanzhong also caused Liu Bei to lose generals such as Wu Lan, Lei Tong, and Ren Kui, and when Cao Cao retreated, he moved all the people within the control of Hanzhong. The Battle of Hanzhong Liu Bei can be said to be a crushing victory, the consumption is very large, it is difficult to replenish in a short time, but he almost non-stop initiative to launch another big war, and it is necessary to fight with Li Cao to break a fish dead net? After all, Shu Han's enemies were not only Cao Wei.
In fact, after the end of the Battle of Hanzhong, Liu Bei transferred Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang and other generals back to Chengdu, and within a few months of the Battle of Xiangfan, there was no move in the direction of Hanzhong to respond to the troops, and there was not even any sign of preparing to send troops. When Guan Yu besieged Fancheng, he repeatedly sent people to ask Liu Feng, who was stationed in Shangyong, to send troops to support, and Liu Feng had no troops to send, which showed that Liu Bei was incapable and not ready to fight another big battle.
Some people say that Guan Yu fought the Battle of Xiangfan in support of Liu Bei's Battle of Hanzhong, which is unlikely, the Battle of Hanzhong began in 217 AD, ended in May 219 AD, fought for nearly two years, during which Guan Yu did not make any moves, even pretending to attack Xiangfan to contain the Cao army, the Battle of Xiangfan began in July 219 AD, at this time the Battle of Hanzhong was over, Liu Bei had also claimed to be the king of Hanzhong.
Some people also say that Guan Yu was to support Meng Da in attacking the Eastern Three Counties, which is even more unreasonable, after the Battle of Hanzhong, the Eastern Three Counties were already in Liu Bei's pocket, and Yu Cao had long given up. The history books record that after the Battle of Hanzhong, Liu Bei ordered Meng Da to attack the Eastern Three Counties, that is, in May of that year, the attack on the Eastern Three Counties was only a small battle, and Meng Da only took it with 4,000 soldiers, was it necessary to launch such a large-scale cooperative war? The Battle of Fancheng began in July 217 AD, and in August the siege of Fancheng was besieged, and it was also at this time that Guan Yu asked Liu Feng and Meng Da to send troops to help, at this time the Battle of the Eastern Three Counties had already ended, so there was no such thing as cooperating with Meng Da in attacking the Eastern Three Counties.
Some people even said that Guan Yu beat Xiangfan to take advantage of the opportunity of Eastern Wu to fight Hefei, which is even more nonsense, and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms has seen too much, right? Eastern Wu all sneaked into Jingzhou or hit Hefei? In history, Eastern Wu fought Hefei five times in total, but all failed in the case of superior troops, and each time it was defeated miserably. The most recent was in 215 AD, when Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu in Hanzhong.
Then why didn't Eastern Wu take advantage of Guan Yu's attack on Xiangfan and fight Hefei, but instead reneged on the covenant and secretly attacked Jingzhou to do this three indiscriminate things?
There is a dialogue between Sun Quan and Lü Meng in the Zizhi Tongjian, and Quan said: "Now I want to take Xuzhou first, and then take Yu, why not?" "Now Cao is far away in Hebei, Fu Ji You, Ji Ji, did not have time to look east, Yu Tu guarded the soldiers, smelled not enough, to go to self-Keke." However, the terrain is land- and the horses are ridden, and the Supreme Lord takes Xuzhou today, and will come to fight after the end of the exercise, although it is guarded by 70,000 or 80,000 people, it should be worried. It is better to take the feather, all according to the Yangtze River, the situation is better, and it is easy to defend it. "Quan shanzhi.
It is not difficult to see from this that Eastern Wu knew its own shortcomings, could not do Cao Cao's cavalry on the plains, could not do Liu Bei's infantry in the mountains, and its advantage was the water army, to put it bluntly, it could only lie on the Yangtze River. And the Jingzhou water army is also very strong, the Yangtze River natural danger is shared, there is no chance for a while, and now taking advantage of the emptiness of Jingzhou is a good opportunity. Occupying the position of Eastern Wu to obtain Jingzhou is far more economical than taking Xuzhou, and the Yangtze River Basin is connected to become the moat of Eastern Wu, and the advantages of Eastern Wu's water army can be brought into full play.
All kinds of indications show that the Battle of Xiangfan launched by Guan Yu was a separate war without any cooperation and support, what about taking down Xiangfan? Is it nothing more than being attacked from the end to the enemy, can it be defended? I'm afraid that Guan Yu himself didn't think about it, this war was not timely, and it was difficult to get Liu Bei's permission.
At the beginning of the "Battle of Xiangfan", the situation was very favorable to Guan Yu, "flooded the Seventh Army", took Xiangyang to besiege Fancheng, and also received the support of Jingxiang's anti-Cao forces, and captured 30,000 soldiers of Cao Wei, all of whom were escorted to Jiangling, which was a real 30,000 soldiers, think about how many soldiers Guan Yu had in total? At this time, Guan Yu reached the peak of his life, Wei Zhen Huaxia. However, Fancheng could not be attacked for a long time, and Cao Wei's reinforcements were gradually gathered, but they did not receive it when they saw good, especially when they received the news that Eastern Wu was preparing to sneak attack Jingzhou.
The "Biography of Wu Lord" and the "Biography of Cheng Guo Dong Liu Jiang Liu" record: "The book of power was passed on by Yi, so that Cao Ren showed yu with a crossbow. "That is, the rescue general Xu Huang shot at Weili and Yutunzhong with a book of power." Sun Quan wrote a letter to Cao Cao in order to sneak into Jingzhou, agreeing to cooperate with each other, but he did not expect that Cao Cao would let Guan Yu retreat, relieve the siege of Xiangfan, betray Sun Quan, and directly give the letter to Guan Yu.
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Wu Zhong, it is recorded: "Cao Gong and wanted to make Yu and Quan fight each other, and yi passed on the book of Quan, so that Cao Ren showed Yu with a crossbow. Yu hesitated to go.". Guan Yu already knew that Eastern Wu was going to sneak into Jingzhou and had obtained the original of Sun Quan's letter, but at this time he was still confused and confident that he could defeat the Cao army and capture Fancheng, and then return to defend Jingzhou, completely blinded by the victory
Knowing that Eastern Wu's sneak attack on Jingzhou was successful, and the Battle of Fancheng was lost, Guan Yu still miscalculated the situation, he hesitated, did not choose to retreat to Hanzhong to preserve strength, but all the way to the direction of Jiangling, it is estimated that he also remembered that there were 30,000 prisoners, intending to retake Jingzhou, and even sent emissaries to Eastern Wu many times, with the intention of peaceful settlement, people dare to sneak attack you have already torn your face, how can you spit out the fat meat to the mouth? Now there is no logistical support to capture Jingzhou, and it is still possible to be attacked by Wei Wu's two ends, and the best plan is to lead the army to jump out of this encirclement in time, at least to lose land and not lose people, and then try to take back Jingzhou later.
It is true that Guan Yu lost too much, and the big ups and downs in the blink of an eye made him not calm and irrational, and Jingzhou could not afford to lose it! He couldn't explain it to Liu Bei, or even to himself. It was because of his wrong decision that not only did he miss the opportunity to escape in vain, but he also paid tens of thousands of Jingzhou troops in vain, so that Shu Han was no longer able to touch Jingzhou.
Most of the Liu Bei clique is from Jingzhou, and the foundation in Jingzhou is very stable and the people's hearts are very solid, the "Battle of Xiangfan" and the "Battle of Yiling" have all been responded to by the people of Jingzhou, and even after losing Jingzhou for many years, the local government only circulates the currency issued during the Liu Bei period, and the loss of Jingzhou breaks the backbone of Shu Han, and the importance of Jingzhou to Liu Bei Group is self-evident. Jingzhou was in the land of four wars, and the alliance with Sun Wu was not stable, Guan Yu's main task was to defend Jingzhou, but he put the cart before the horse, if it were not for his use of Jingzhou's troops to attack Cao Wei, causing the Jingzhou army to be empty, Eastern Wu would not have the opportunity to sneak attack.
As a general, Guan Yu guarded one side, but he was rigid and self-conscious, had no one in sight, and did not pay attention to attracting talents and uniting allies. The history books say that he "treats the soldiers well and is proud of the scholars", that is, he is very good to the soldiers and looks down on the scholars. Chen Shou's evaluation of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei is: .. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are both called enemies of all people and are the subjects of the world. Yu repays Cao Gong, Fei Yi interprets Yan Yan, and has the style of a national soldier. Ran Yu is rigid and self-effacing, violent and unkind, defeated by short, and the number of reasons is often also
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Fei Shi Biography: The first lord is the king of Hanzhong, the first lord is guan yu as the former general, Yu Wen Huangzhong is the rear general, And Yu Fu said: "The eldest husband will not be listed with the veterans in the end!" "I refuse to be worshipped.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Guan Yu Biography: "Yu Wen Ma Chao came down, the old non-deceased, Yu Shu and Zhuge Liang, ask the super talent who can be compared." Forcing Zhuge Liang to write back and pat him on the ass, Ma Chao is indeed very good, but he is not as good as you. Guan Yu took out a letter to show the guests. I wonder where he wants to put Zhuge Liang?
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms Guan Yu Biography": YounanJun Taishou Lufang in Gangneung, the general Rentun public security, has always been suspicious of Yu and himself. Since Yu zhi left the army, Fang and Ren provided military resources, and did not know how to save each other. Yu said that "it should still be ruled", and Fang and Renxian were afraid and uneasy. Guan Yu usually despised Lu Fang and Shi Ren, so the two did not do their best to supply military supplies.
Guan Yu has only a few people who have entered the eyes of the law in his lifetime, and he still treats his colleagues with such disdain, and it is conceivable that he treats outsiders.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms· Shu Shu Guan Zhang Ma Huang Zhao Biography in: ".. First of all, Quan sent the envoy as a daughter of Zi Suo Yu, and Yu insulted his envoy, and was not allowed to marry, and Quan was furious." Some people say that this is Guan Yu's loyalty to Liu Bei and he will never personally make personal friends with hostile forces. Then there is no need for this? You can find a reason to refuse, you can also report to your eldest brother Liu Bei, let him decide, after all, this is a political marriage, your eldest brother also married Sun Shangxiang? Moreover, Liu Bei is your righteous brother, helping you to be a staff officer, which is reasonable in public and private. Is it necessary to do things so desperately? It completely violates Sun Wu's strategic plan.
The "Battle of Xiangfan" was originally an untimely war, but god helped, flooded the Seventh Army, captured and killed 30,000 enemies in the forbidden Pound, and if it was learned that Eastern Wu was going to sneak attack and withdraw its troops in time, Jingzhou would never be lost. At this time, Guan Yu's morale was strong, the troops were intact, and he had a powerful Jingzhou water army, Cao Bing did not dare to pursue, in fact, did not chase, Eastern Wu must withdraw, the lost land was easily taken back, 30,000 descendants were good use... Guan Yu could almost be a god in this battle. However, if there is no such thing as if, from the mighty Earthquake Huaxia to the defeat so thoroughly, clean, fell to the west, fell to the brittle, as the main general Guan Yu can not escape the blame, is the word "careless" can be prevaricated.
Throughout the history of the real Guan Yu, the character defects are very large, the impressive record is not much, many legends are fabricated, and the respect of posterity is his loyalty. The most admired "martial saint" in Chinese history is Yue Fei, who since the Qing Dynasty, in order to eliminate the national sentiment of resisting the Qing Dynasty, vigorously respected Guan Yu, the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness, and since then Guan Yu has been pushed to the altar. The great man commented: "Guan Yu is stupid and pathetic"