First, Mu Yingqi
Speaking of Mu Ying, many people will think of the Mu Wangfu in "Deer Ding", but Mu Ying is the Mu Wangfu, he is the first generation of mu Wangfu, and he is a general of the Ming Dynasty. Although Mu Ying is not as famous as Xu Da and Li Shanchang in the early Ming Dynasty, he is indeed a famous general, and he is also Zhu Yuanzhang's most trusted love general.
In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1344 AD), Mu Ying was born in Haozhou (Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown) to a poor family in Dingyuan County. His father died early, and he lived with his mother in poverty. In the fifteenth year of the lunar calendar (1351 AD), the Red Turban Army revolt broke out in the Jianghuai region, and the Yuan Dynasty immediately launched a crackdown on the Red Turban Army, the people were not happy, and Mu Ying, who was only seven years old, followed his mother to escape the military turmoil, but unfortunately his mother died on the way to escape, and mu Ying became an orphan and wandered everywhere.
In the chaotic world life is like grass, it is difficult to imagine how a child can survive in the years of war and chaos, Mu Ying is lucky to be twelve years old, the eight-year-old Mu Ying met the noble man in his life, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was already a general of the Red Turban Army at that time, met Mu Ying, when Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma had become relatives, but there was no child under the knee, so he recognized Mu Ying as a righteous son and changed his life to Zhu Ying. Since then, he has lived by zhu Yuanzhang's wife. Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife treated him like their own children, not only teaching him to read and read, but also teaching him how to lead soldiers to fight. Mu Ying spent his childhood in wars, barracks, and expeditions, so he was lucky to receive a good education around Zhu Yuanzhang.
For Mu Ying, whose parents died twice, Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife were his biological parents, and he treated Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife like biological parents, and to Zhu Yuanzhang's sons, they were like brothers. Mu Ying got a good education around Zhu Yuanzhang, of course, he was also very talented, and he followed Zhu Yuanzhang to the south and the north as a teenager. At the age of eighteen, Mu Ying was promoted to command envoy, and in the twenty-seventh year of Zheng, Mu Ying captured Feng Gubao, the general of Chen Youding's army. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to restore the Mu surname, and ordered him to move to the town of Jianning (present-day Jianning County, Sanming, Fujian) and to restrain Shaowu, Yanping, and Tingzhou Sanwei (all of which belonged to Fujian). Mu Ying has grown into a qualified general.
Since then, Mu Ying has led the army to battle many times, and his meritorious service has been praised many times by Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma, becoming a young general in Zhu Yuanzhang's army, and his future is unlimited.
Second, the plague of Yunnan
Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne and established the Ming Dynasty, but Daming was not stable. Although Zhu Yuan sent Xu Da to the Northern Expedition to drive Mengyuan out of the capital, most of the strength of the people was still there, so Zhu Yuan carried out many Northern Expeditions, not only the northern frontier was unstable, but also the southern frontier, such as Yunnan.
At that time, the main forces entrenched in Yunnan were the former King of Yuan Liang and the Duan clan of the Tu chieftain. With Kunming as the center of his rule, the Liang king remained under the orders of the Yuan Dynasty's zhengshuo and the remnants of the Yuan dynasty who had retreated to the Mongolian desert region. The Duan clan (the Duan clan that would have a Yang Finger and a Six-Pulse Excalibur) controlled the Dali area, and although it was directly under the jurisdiction of the Northern Yuan government, it was in a semi-independent state, and there were occasional armed conflicts with the Liang dynasty.
According to the historical records, the Yuan Dynasty set up the Wanhu Mansion in Yunnan, which was later changed to Zhongqing Road, and Fengzi Kuo was the King of Yunnan, and the town guarded Yunnan, and later rewarded his descendants as the King of Liang, and guarded Yunnan for generations. It can be said that this region of Yunnan is more special, and the influence and control of the Yuan Dynasty have always been very large, after all, it has been ruled by the Yuan Dynasty for so many years, and it is the confidants sent by the Yuan Dynasty who are managing it. Zhu Yuanzhang once sent emissaries to Yunnan to persuade the King of Liang to submit to the imperial court, but not only refused, but also killed all the emissaries accompanying him, which made Zhu Yuanzhang furious and determined to use force to conquer Yunnan and stabilize the frontier.
3. Pacify Yunnan
In September of the fourteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Fu Youde to be the general of Zhengnan, Lan Yu and Mu Ying to be the left and right deputy generals, and the marshal to march on Yunnan! Mu Ying was appointed right deputy general, and Mu Ying's military talents were fully displayed here, and Mu Ying followed Fu Youde into Qujing, when the Liang king sent Dali Ma's army to line up on one bank of the Baishi River, and the Ming army on the other bank.
Fu Youde wanted to cross the river immediately, but Mu Ying disagreed, saying that the enemy had already fought on the other side of the river and strangled the water surface, so that crossing the river would be detrimental to himself. Therefore, he only posed as crossing the river, stood by the river, and sent dozens of people to dive from the downstream, and when they reached the opposite shore, they blew the horns and made a big noise, causing the Dalima army to start turmoil, and the Ming army took the opportunity to cross the river. Mu Ying put the brave soldiers who could swim in front, and after landing on the shore, they fought with Darima's army. Dalima was defeated and captured, Mu Ying released all 20,000 captured soldiers back to his hometown, the Ming army was greatly powerful, and the King of Liang committed suicide by hearing the secret news of Zaravar. Mu Ying and Lan Yu led their troops directly to Kunming, and Kunming did not attack itself. At this point, the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan were completely wiped out, and it can be said that this battle was properly commanded by Mu Ying to achieve major results.
At noon on the first day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Yuanqu Jing Xuanwei Division and zhongqing, Yijiang, and Wuding all fell, and Yunnan Ping. After that, Mu Ying took the method of back and forth attack to capture Dali. "Du Dali leans on the Cangshan Mountains and the Erhai Sea, strangling the dragon's head and dragon's tail." Guan Gu Nanzhao was built, and the Tu Chieftain Duan Shi Shouzhi. Ying Zi will arrive at Xiaguan, send Wang Bi from Ershui to the east to Shangguan, Hu Hai cross the river from Shimenjian Road, pull up the Cangshan Mountain, and set up a banner. The British chaotic current cut through the barriers, and the army on the mountain also rushed down, pinched, captured Duan Shi, and then pulled dali. ”
This battle led to the complete surrender of western Yunnan to Daming, and in the seventh month of the fifteenth lunar calendar of Hongwu, Mu Ying led his division back to Dianchi, joined forces with Fu Youde, and divided his ways to pacify Wusa, Dongchuan, Jianchang, and Mangbu barbarians, and established Wusa and Bijie Erwei. In September of that year, the tuguan Yang Tho gathered 200,000 rebels to attack Kunming. At that time, there was a shortage of food in Kunming, most of the soldiers were sick, and the situation was critical. Mu Ying heard the news, led his troops back to Kunming, joined forces with Feng Cheng, defeated the rebels, beheaded 60,000 people, held Kunming, and stabilized the situation. At this point, Yunnan was completely pacified, and even if there was resistance, it was sporadic resistance.
Capture the Battle of Yunnan
The history books record the process of Mu Ying's battle in Yunnan very simply, but we speculate that Mu Ying played an important role in several critical moments, and it cannot be said that Mu Ying alone calmed Yunnan, but he played a major role in it. Although there is no Mu Ying can also pacify Yunnan, because this is the trend of the times, but no one is sure how much time and energy it will take, how many people will be lost, at least not as easy as it is now, from the Qujing War, you can see, Mu Ying's vision and insight!
Fourth, the town has guarded Yunnan for generations, worthy of the name of the king of Yunnan
Yunnan was pacified, there was always a need for someone to guard, Zhu Yuanzhang this person was very suspicious, the general who stayed in Yunnan Town Guard must not only have the ability, but more importantly, let him rest assured, so he chose his own righteous son Mu Ying, Hongwu Sixteen Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Fu Youde and Lan yu Banshi to return to the dynasty, leaving Mu Ying town to guard Yunnan.
Being able to leave Mu Ying zhenshou on the one hand shows Mu Ying's ability, on the other hand, It shows that Zhu Yuanzhang is assured that Mu Ying is in Yunnan, and Mu Ying has not betrayed Zhu Yuanzhang's trust. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, the chief of Qujing rebelled, and Mu Ying personally led an army to fight, and after pacifying, Mu Ying did not stop, but took the opportunity to pacify Puding and Guangnan barbarians and open up the grain route in Tianzhou. In the twenty years of Hongwu, Mu Ying pacified the Langqiu barbarians and eliminated the hidden dangers of the barbarians
In the twenty-first year of Hongwu, si lunfa, the lord of Luchuan, rebelled and invaded Moshale Village, and Mu Ying sent Dudu Ningzheng to lead an army to defeat it. The following year, Si Lunfa invaded Dingbian again, and the army claimed 300,000. Mu Ying selected 30,000 cavalry to rush to the aid. Slunfa used hundreds of elephants to attack. When Mu Ying used firearms against the rebel elephants and other beast troops, he felt that the gunpowder loading speed was too slow, and improved the way of shooting. Mu Ying mixed a small number of musketeers and archer infantry, posing three teams of musketeers and sharp archers. When the elephants approached, the first musketeers and sharpshooters fired fiercely, and then retreated to the rear of the line to concentrate on loading ammunition; if the elephants did not retreat, the second team fired again; if they did not retreat, the third team followed. The Ming army muskets and crossbows were fired in unison. Elephants were injured, frightened, and fled in panic. The Ming army was victorious.
The army took the opportunity to rush to kill, beheading more than 40,000 people, and capturing thirty-seven elephants, and the rest of the elephants were all shot to death. The barbarian general was each subjected to more than a hundred arrows and fell on the back of the elephant and died. The Ming army won a great victory, Si Lunfa fled, and the barbarians were deeply shocked, and Luchuan was no longer blocked. This was the largest military operation after Mu Ying defended Yunnan, and since then there has been no such large-scale operation, even if there is a rebellion behind, but it is not so large-scale, which shows that Mu Ying's battle gave the Ming Dynasty many years of stability.
Mu Ying is not only accomplished militarily but also in economic and cultural development. During the period of governing Yunnan, Mu Ying vigorously developed Tuntian and solved the grain problem. He took the increase or decrease of tuntian as the main basis for examining the political achievements of officials, so that the total number of tuntian fields exceeded one million mu. Mu Ying also repaired water conservancy projects to prevent flooding; paid attention to commercial development and summoned merchants to enter Yunnan; developed salt wells, increased financial resources, repaired roads, protected grain transportation, and enabled the people to live and work in peace and contentment.
In terms of culture, a number of Confucian schools have been rebuilt and built in various places, more than a dozen prefectural and county schools have been added, and outstanding talents from the people and the children of local officials have been selected to study. And personally promulgate the school system, study rules, courtesy to hire talents to teach. At the same time, he also actively participated in it, and while improving his own cultural literacy, he promoted the development of Yunnan's cultural and educational undertakings. Therefore, Mu Ying has a high reputation in Yunnan, is the real king of Yunnan, after Mu Ying's death, his descendants guarded Yunnan for generations until the fall of the Ming Dynasty, as long as the Mu family is in Yunnan, it is basically very calm, of course, it shows the influence of Mu Ying and the Mu family.
Fifth, the reason why Mu Ying was able to stay in Yunnan
First, Zhu Yuanzhang's trust
In the sixteenth year of Hongwu, after the end of the Battle of Zhengdian, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Mu Ying to stay behind, in fact, Mu Ying was closely related to the situation at that time. Although the Ming Dynasty attacked all parts of Yunnan by force and drove the remnants of the Mongolian Yuan out of Yunnan, the Foundation of the Ming Dynasty here was unstable. Because the Mongol Yuan forces were forced to leave the country from the time of Kublai Khan's invasion of Yunnan to the sixteenth year of Hongwu, and ruled Yunnan for more than a century, their influence could not be lost with the success of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the toast system was implemented throughout Yunnan, and each toastmaster had military armaments, and in order to prevent rebellion at the beginning of the rule, it was necessary to stabilize the rule here. So be sure to leave a man to guard Yunnan.
At that time, the main general of Ping yunnan was Fu Youde, the vice general was also Blue Jade, Mu Ying was only one of the vice generals, in terms of ability and prestige Mu Ying was not as good as Fu Youde, and Blue Jade was also a great achievement in the Northern Expedition, why did he choose Mu Ying? After all, Yunnan is far away from the Beijing Division, and the choice of the general on the town guard side is related to the stability of the entire political situation in the early Ming Dynasty, and if the selection of people is wrong, there will be great trouble. Although Fu Youde and Lan Yu were Zhu Yuanzhang's generals, Zhu Yuanzhang trusted Mu Ying more than trust.
Because Mu Ying is Zhu Yuanzhang's righteous son, grew up around Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma since childhood, as a parent, Zhu Yuanzhang has a good understanding of Mu Ying, on this basis to establish trust in Mu Ying beyond the average courtier, that is to say, they are not only monarchs but also father and son, it turns out that Mu Ying's feelings for Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma are really unusual, when Empress Ma died of illness, Mu Ying was still in Yunnan, I heard that Empress Ma died sad to cough up blood, Zhu Biao died, Mu Ying was sad to die, Mu Ying was sad to die, Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang finally chose Yizi to stay as the town guard general, and it turned out that Zhu Yuanzhang's choice was also correct.
Second, Mu Ying has military and administrative talents
Mu Ying was single-handedly trained by Zhu Yuanzhang, and at the time of his conquest of Yunnan, Mu Ying was already a general who had experienced hundreds of battles, and the history books recorded it like this: "(Mu Ying) was eighteen years old, and he was appointed as a former lieutenant and guarded Zhenjiang. Slightly move the command envoy, keep the credibility. Already, from the army to conquer Fujian, break the water pass, slightly Chong'an, do not break the Min Xi Eighteen Villages, tie Feng Gu Bao. "When he was eighteen years old, he was already guarding the side, and if this was relying on Zhu Yuanzhang's identity as a righteous son, it was absolutely untenable, and it could be seen that young Mu Ying had real talent and practical learning.
In the tenth year of Hongwu's reign, Deng Yue conquered Tubo, and at that time Mu Ying was the deputy general of the "Chongzheng Western Vice General, from the Duke of Weiguo Deng Yue to tufan, Xiluochuan, Tibet, and Yaobing Kunlun." Meritorious deeds, Feng Kaiguo Auxiliary Transport Tuicheng Xuanli Wuchen, Rong Lu Dafu, Zhu Guo, Xi Ping Marquis, food Lu 2,500 stones, to the world coupons." This year Mu Ying was only thirty years old.
In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, Mu Ying led troops to attack the Northern Yuan forces stationed in Helin, ensuring the stability of the northern border defense of the Ming Dynasty. The history books record that "the Duke of Yuanguo stripped the fire chi and other tun and lin, and the number disturbed the edges." For thirteen years, he ordered the British general Shaanxi soldiers to go out of the blockade, slightly Ji Nai Road, cross the Yellow River, climb the Helan Mountain, wade into quicksand, and reach the seven to its territory. Divided into four wings to strike at night, and self-reliant horses rushed to the core. Capture the fire red and the chiyuan love foot, etc., and get all of them. This battle stabilized the northern frontier of the Ming Dynasty.
In addition to military ability, Mu Ying also had the ability to administer the government, and the history books recorded it like this: "The aircraft in the house is rich, the young and the young are sensitive, and the dissection is not delayed." The latter number is called its talent, and the emperor is also important. That is to say, Zhu Yuanzhang praised Mu Ying's administrative ability, and Zhen Shou Yunnan not only had military talent, because that was only a martial artist, and Mu Ying was not a simple warrior, so he relied on his own ability to let Zhu Yuanzhang appoint him as the general who guarded Yunnan.
From the fourteenth to the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, Mu Ying stayed in Yunnan for eleven years, and finally the coffin returned to the Beijing Division. During Mu Yingzhen's defense of Yunnan, a series of measures were taken to consolidate ming rule in Yunnan. Mu Ying's activities in Yunnan are not only conducive to the stability and development of Yunnan, but also cooperate with the unification war in the early Ming Dynasty, which has a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the early Ming Dynasty.
Mu Ying's tomb