Ancient emperors loved jade, and the Zuo Zhuan recorded many stories of exchanges between princes and kings who used jade as gifts, and some even passed down to this day.
Qianlong was quite accomplished in wenzhi martial arts, and not only that, he also named himself "Ten Perfect Old Man". During his reign, China was one of the richest countries in the world and created countless art that had reached the pinnacle of Chinese history. In the hobby of this ancient emperor, jade is indispensable.
The Qianlong Emperor loved jade more than the emperors of previous dynasties. Most of the ancient jade left over from the Qing Palace was collected during the Qianlong period, and he also personally identified and graded them, and many of the ancient jade artifacts left over from the Qing Palace, the wooden trays, wooden seats, and wooden boxes, were purchased during the Qianlong period, and with the words A, B, and C of Qianlong King.com.
Dragon Imperial Jade Bottle
The legendary "Qianlong Gong"
Qianlong himself's love of jade became a fetish, which made the Qing Dynasty court jade workmanship exquisite, the number of instruments, the wide range of use, and the number of them, which could not be matched by any dynasty in history.
Qianlong transferred the good jade-making hands of Jiangnan at that time to the Ruyi Hall in the palace, and asked the court painters to draw drawings and rush to make jade objects day and night. Therefore, the jade at that time was not only well-made, but also relatively artistic. Finally, polishing well. At that time, polishing was very exquisite, from coarse sand to fine sand, and then using a cloth bag containing wheat bran to knead the jade with a little bit of hand, which was a waste of manpower, but it could knead out the inner brightness of the jade, thus showing the moisture of the jade.
Qianlong paid great attention to the manufacture of jade in the court, and personally inquired about the composition of the jade works in the office, the selection of craftsmen and their technical situation. Important utensils, he also examined the drawings, wood-making patterns, wax patterns, and final decorations, decorations, etc., and personally instructed them.
Therefore, later generations called the craftsmanship of jade in the Qianlong period "Qianlong Gong".
The emperor and the people all played with it, and the jade went from the temple to the human world
When Qianlong first succeeded to the throne, he exerted great efforts to govern. By forty-five years ago, the economy was still relatively prosperous, and external troubles had been eliminated, and Qianlong turned to good daxigong, liked luxury goods, saved tens of thousands of pieces of ancient jade, put them in the private parts of the palace, and went to caress and enjoy them when there was nothing to do, and cataloged them, judging the advantages and disadvantages, and endlessly. In his later years, he was desolate, and this was the most important thing.
Qing Dynasty officials searched everywhere for good jade to offer, which naturally stimulated the atmosphere of playing with jade. Why do old Beijingers love to play with jade so much? It is said that it was promoted by the Qianlong Emperor. It not only forms a profound cultural accumulation, but also drives the progress of craftsmanship.
In the 35 years from the 25th to the 60th year of Qianlong, the palace jade was the leader, which led to the rapid development of jade stores in Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Beijing. The reason for this is closely related to an important historical event at that time and the vigorous promotion of the Qianlong Emperor, who had the title of "Jade Fool Emperor".
Qianlong Imperial Title White Jade Shanzi
Those ancient jades of the Qianlong Imperial Inscription
When he obtained a precious jade, Qianlong always inscribed poems and chanted, or expressed a happy mood, or admired the craftsmanship of the ancients, or slightly examined its use. For the jade made in the contemporary era, it is a recounting of its history, thinking that the inheritance is continued. According to incomplete statistics alone, there are nearly 800 Yongyu poems in his imperial poems, and the extant "Imperial Gubi Poetry Album" alone contains 54 poems he composed from Qianlong Xinwei to Gengshu, reflecting his love for Gu Bi.
The Qianlong Emperor once collected many ancient jade inscription poems, records, and sayings of the previous generation for the imperial court, and in the Palace Museum on both sides of the strait, there are inscription poems left by Qianlong and ancient jade for notes.
In order to visualize the scene of mining mountain jade in Xinjiang at that time, he also ordered the jade workers to make a piece of jasper "Yu Khotanese Jade Map" Shanzi (1765), inscribed on the back:
"Jade mining people in Khotan, tao jade out of the jade river;
In autumn, the river runs up and catches a lot of fish;
Bending over and asking one by one, I would rather worry about the cold waves.
Jade does not say that everyone knows it, that has been separated from the know,
Bian and San sacrificed two feet, and judged that there should be no jade in the world. ”
The "Tongyin Lady Figure" made by Suzhou craftsmen using waste jade is a work of ingenious craftsmanship that expresses the scenery of Jiangnan Garden. Qianlong inscription poem:
"The material is taken from the material, and the shape is textured."
The remaining water is a mountainous land, and the tung eaves banana axis garden.
The girl is the consultant, and the craftsman lucks the soul.
Righteousness is heavy and there is no abandonment, win him cry Chu Ting. ”
Compare it to Spring and Autumn and Shibi.
The jade that Qianlong personally named
The Jade is a Islamic jade or Islamic jade.
Zumdustan refers to the Mughal Empire founded in 1526-1858. Its territory included northern India, Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan, and there were also translations of "Wendustan" and "Chennustan". Later, according to the Tibetan and Filipino pronunciations, the Qianlong Emperor personally examined and determined that the translation was "Chendu stan". TraceDustan jade, quite valued by the Qing Dynasty court, the Qianlong Emperor has written poems many times to praise, Ji Xiaolan's "Notes on Reading Wei Caotang" also records that "the coincidence of today's jade, with Tracedu stan as the first", it can be seen that it has an important position in the history of Qing Dynasty jade.
Na and Khotan entered the territory, and took yaoqiong as they went
In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong, the Pingzhun Campaign, one of the qianlong emperor's most proud "ten perfect martial arts", was victorious, and Xinjiang, which produced Hetian Meiyu, was officially brought under the direct jurisdiction of the Qing central government, and the Hetian Yuyu tribute began to be continuously transported to Beijing. In this regard, the Qianlong Emperor was very proud, and he specially made a large plate of jasper carved poems as a souvenir (now the back bed of the Yangxin Hall). In the imperial poem "He Khotanese Jade", Qianlong wrote: "He Khotan used to be in Khotan, out of what yusu said, I don't know how to come out, now it is the situation." And said: "Return to the city to fix all, and Khotanese garrison our troops, its river people often arrive, and take all Yaoqiong." ”
According to the Records of the Qing Palace, after Qianlong pacified the frontier twice between the 20th and 24th centuries, 2,000 kilograms of tribute jade were transported to the Beijing Division every year in Xinjiang, and the manufacturing office and Su and Yang used Hetian jade widely, and Hetian jade has become the mainstream of jade used in the palace.
『 Promoting ancient jade culture and improving the appreciation and appraisal ability of enthusiasts》