The Eastern Han Dynasty famous "Lu Ling Guang Dian Fu" is famous for its rigorous structure and exaggerated laying. Fu Wen shows the wonderful and ingenious artistic wisdom of the Lu Guo Spiritual Light Hall vividly and beautifully. But what kind of style is interpreted under such a flexible text? No one knows.
In 2021, the excavation of a Han Dynasty stone chamber tomb in Tengzhou, Shandong Province, unexpectedly brought the beauty of the building more than 1,000 years ago to the sky, allowing the world to see its unique appearance.
However, with the deepening of excavations, the tomb is full of doubts, exuding exotic columns, and arc-shaped beams rarely seen in Han tombs. The successive appearance of rare ruins hints at what kind of identity and status the owner of the tomb has.
Located in Qianmao township near the center of Tengzhou, this Han tomb is a quiet and peaceful village full of harmony and tranquility.
The Han tombs in the former Maoqu Village were first discovered at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and have long been recorded in the "Yangxian County Chronicle" compiled in 1992.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the tomb was opened with a portal, and people competed to visit it, but they did not think so. In the 1960s and 1970s, the tombs were excavated many times by cultural relics experts.
The tomb is located under the courtyard of a villager's home, and there is a huge robbery hole above the tomb!
The burial chamber and tomb have long been used as cellars by villagers, and the overall preservation situation is very poor, and the situation of the tomb is not optimistic! However, due to the limited conditions and conditions of the excavation of the tomb, the excavation work was repeatedly postponed until the turnaround in 2021! The old house above the tomb has been abandoned for many years and could collapse at any time. This will cause irreversible damage to the protection of the curtain!
With the consent of their superiors, the experts intensively carried out the preliminary survey work.
The tomb as a whole is composed of three parts: the tomb passage, the tomb outline and the burial chamber, and the Han Dynasty funeral has always adhered to the concept of seeing death as life. Craftsmen use vertical pits as burials. Later, imitating the form of ground construction, a magnificent burial chamber was built with a large number of stones. The burial chamber is composed of six parts: the front, middle and rear chambers, as well as the east ear chamber, the northeast ear chamber and the west ear chamber. The main body is composed of stone slabs, stone strips and other stone objects.
The overall layout of the tomb chamber presents the characteristics of symmetry along the central axis, which is quite characteristic of typical classical Chinese architecture.
Judging from the distribution characteristics of the excavated ruins, experts deduce that this is a large Han Dynasty tomb, there is no doubt about it.
However, in history, tomb robbers in Shandong were rampant, and tomb robbers created one empty tomb after another, which was due to the prevalence of thick burials in the Han Dynasty, and the Han tombs were ten tombs and nine empty!
Most of the owners of large tombs in the Han Dynasty often exposed the wilderness, mutilated bones, and disheveled.
I'm afraid that the owners of these thick burials could not have imagined that the tombs they had painstakingly created would become a "fat meat", so that they would eventually end up with a desolate end of no bones!
The same is true of this Han tomb, and experts have not found any clues in the tomb that can match the identity of the owner of the tomb.
However, from the perspective of the tomb structure, its construction has obviously been carefully designed and typeset, and the owner of the tomb is either a rich party or a prince and nobleman.
At the end of the 7-meter-long tomb road, there are two tomb doors on the east and west sides, which are 1.22 meters high and 0.22 meters thick, and are polished from a whole piece of stone.
In the center of the lintel is carved a pair of portraits of the heads of beasts, which have been shouldering their own responsibilities for two thousand years.
The closed door of the tomb refused to allow outsiders to enter, and even if he tried so hard to protect his master, he could not stop the tomb robbers from entering!
Above the tomb door is a horizontal lintel, and the water ripples on the door are still clearly visible, which is a typical Han Dynasty portrait tombstone!
Portrait stone is an art form that integrates painting and carving, and craftsmen use stone as paper and knife as pen to carve real life, historical stories, myths and legends on it.
They are the cultural products of the Han Dynasty, which seemed to be alive and dead, and under the unique funerary concept of the Han Dynasty, the owner of the tomb took great care to move everything he enjoyed before his death into the luxurious mausoleum.
Bounded by the middle chamber of the tomb, one side is the dynasty, and the other side is the bed, which is a very common tomb pattern of the front and back beds in the tombs of the Han Dynasty. The back room is most likely to house the tomb owner's coffin! After all, this is the bedroom of the tomb owner resting in peace.
But what makes experts a little confused is that the front chamber of this Han tomb is long and deep, and it is very likely to refer to the middle courtyard of the tomb owner's residence.
Experts in the backyard of the tomb have made a major discovery! The window originated from the original cave dwelling and school state, and a small opening in the roof is the window.
In ancient Chinese society, where etiquette was strict, the door as an exit was usually located on the central axis of the complex, symbolizing the identity and status of the owner.
The window is much simpler than the door, and only 4 window styles are recorded in the Song Dynasty architectural album "Building French Style".
Among them, the height of the broken window is similar to the height of the straight window in this Han tomb today, and it seems that the Han Dynasty already had the existence of windows!
Could it be that the owner of the tomb was an outstanding designer?
There is a small space next to the east ear chamber of the tomb, which is a toilet room, which is the toilet used by the ancients.
What people did not expect was that more than 2,000 years ago, the ancients already had such a clean and hygienic and well-designed toilet, which had to make people admire the ancient people's pursuit of a noble life and the wisdom of ingenious life.