Bogu guo was a great eastern power in the late Shang Dynasty, active in the Bohai Sea and Jishui area. In the change of the old and new dynasties, BoGuguo took the wrong side, and the Zhou Gong easily destroyed the country during the Eastern Expedition, and then the land was returned to Qi, which indirectly contributed to the rise of the State of Qi. Subsequently, BoGu's ancient city served as the imprisoning place of The Emperor and the capital of the State of Qi for twenty years, witnessing the political changes in the early State of Qi.
According to legend, the capital city of Bogu is 7 kilometers southeast of boxing county, north of Zhaibian Village in present-day Hubin Town, south of the Xiaoqing River, and north of the spillway embankment.
The State of Bogu was one of the Eastern Yi Fang States during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, located in the Lubei region, along the lower reaches of Jishui (present-day Boxing County, Shandong). It is said that the earliest appearance of the word "Bogu" originated from the Western Zhou Gongding excavated in the 1920s (now in the Museum of Asian Art in San Francisco, USA), and the inscription is engraved with "Liaogu", which is another way of writing "Bogu".
What exactly does "Bogu" mean?
The word Bogu was written in many ways in ancient times, and there were also differences in the literature, in addition to the "Liaogu" engraved on the Zhou Gongding above, there were also "Thin Mushroom", "Bogu", "Pugu", "Bogu" and so on.
Bogu is actually a bird, which is now the cuckoo. Ancient cuckoos are called Bogu birds, such as the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You's "Spring Society": "Mulberry eyes first opened Mai Zhengqing, Bogu sound in the rain meditative." "At that time, the location of BoguGuo was located by the river and the sea, and the water conservancy resources were very rich, so the water and grass in Fangyuan were luxuriant, the environment was quiet, and the agriculture was relatively developed, which was extremely suitable for the survival of water birds." In particular, a bird that calls "Bogu Bogu" all day long is extremely active, so the locals have given this bird a name called "Bogu" according to the sound and song, and perhaps the earliest place in ancient times was called The Bogu Tribe.
It was not until the Shang Dynasty established a state here that the Bogu tribe was officially changed to the Bogu state. The Bogu state may be the first ancient civilization established along the coast of Dongyi.
Zhaibian Village was originally just a small village, with only one household surnamed Ni living on a mound. During the Ming Hongwu years, there were many immigrants, and only then did other surnames come to live here. Because the land of the village is so salty and alkaline, there is not even a single tree around the mound, so the village is named "soil lump". Later, with the increasing population, the villagers felt that the "soil lumps" were not good, so they had the name of the village "Zhai Bian".
On the north bank of the Xiaoqing River, about 100 meters away from the embankment, there is a raised mound, about 20 square meters, and the mound is densely covered with poplar trees with thick arms. There is a trench on the north side of the mound, and a shallow ditch on the east side, and green bricks, pottery pieces, shells and other objects can be found.
In 1982 and 1986, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology drilled some sections and found a 400-meter-long eastern city wall. 500 meters away there is also a week of raised ridges, each side about 1500 meters long. Archaeologists believe that the city wall with a length and width of 400 meters is the wall of the legendary Bogu Inner City, and the wall with a length and width of 1500 meters is the outer city wall.
According to the data, the site is 380 meters long from east to west, about 400 meters wide from north to south, and covers an area of more than 150,000 square meters, mainly in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with both the Longshan culture and the relics of the Warring States to the Han Dynasty. The earliest marine resources known and utilized by the ancient ancestors of China are the Bohai Sea, and the shipping and fishing and salt channels entering the Shandong Peninsula from the Central Plains are Jishui, and in the territory of Boxing, the Jishui Ancient Road is the area of today's Xiaoqing River. Mr. Fu Sinian once said: "Bogu Diwang coincided with the estuary of the Jishui River in those years, and there was no doubt that it was the great port of the river and the sea at that time."
From historical materials and archaeological findings, it can be verified that the large number of turtle shells used by Shi Guan to carve oracle bones in the late Shang Dynasty yin capital Anyang were mostly transported from the Jishui River channel through BoguCheng. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, sea salt was an important strategic material, and salt was the killer of the Central Dynasty at that time. Its later war against Dongyi was also the plundering and appropriation of marine resources, which shows the importance of the Bogu State to the Shang Dynasty.
Ceramic artifacts of the Boxing Museum
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, it became a fiefdom of the State of Qi. After taigong sealed Qi, the situation in the state of Qi remained generally stable, but there was turmoil when the sixth monarch Qi mourned. The Duke of Qi was absurd and derelict, and the contradictions with the neighboring jiguo had always been prominent, so Ji Hou said bad things about the duke of ai in front of Zhou Tianzi, and the king of Zhou Yi cooked the duke of ai to death. After the death of Duke Ai, King Yi of Zhou changed the status of Duke Ai's half-brother Jiang Jing as monarch, which was Duke Hu.
At that time, the struggle for political power was extremely fierce, and Yingqiu, as the capital of the State of Qi, undoubtedly became the center of the whirlpool, with both supporters and opponents of Hu Gong, posing a threat to Hu Gong's rule. Therefore, Hu Gong ordered that the capital of the State of Qi be moved to Bogu City.
However, Duke Ai's half-brother Jiang Shan, believing that Duke Hu had seized the throne that should belong to him, was resentful, and after years of preparation, he led his party and the people who opposed Hu Gong in the camp hill to launch a military coup and attack Bogu City.
Hu Gong saw that the trend was gone, and Cangchao fled, and was killed on the shore of The Beishui River in Bochang. Subsequently, Jiang Shan established himself as a prince for the sake of Qi, not only expelling all of Hu Gong's sons, but also moving the capital to Linzi. After that, Linzi served as the capital of the State of Qi until Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and the world was unified. During the Hu Gong period, Bogucheng, as the capital of the State of Qi, lasted for about 20 years.??
Qilu Evening News Qilu one-point reporter Zhang Jiulong??