Notes on alpine skiing, did you get it? | The Winter Olympics are healthy

Wearing a ski hat, a ski suit, pedaling skis...

Alpine skiing, sass! Saaaaaaa Saaaaaaa

Seeing this, are you already eager to try it in front of the screen?

Remember, skiing is fast, exciting, and protected!

Alpine skiing originated in the Alpine region of Europe, so it is also called "Alpine skiing".

Mention alpine skiing, from time to time in the mind to see in the film and television of a dashing figure from the top of the snow mountain, flying down, or turning, or jumping, with a string of snow waves, through the jungle, plunging on the cliffs and cedars, the feeling of excitement, tension, and excitement is unforgettable for a long time.

Alpine skiing has speed and passion

Alpine skiing combines strength, skill and speed for great viewing. It was included in the competition at the Fourth Winter Olympics in Germany in 1936. Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics is a snow racing sport in which snowboards, snowshoes, retainers and ski poles are the main tools; from the mountain to the mountain, down the track set by the flag gate. Unlike alpine skiing in extreme sports, competitive alpine skiing is less uncertain and less dangerous than avalanches. However, the stability of the artificial ice-like snow track enables all participating athletes to show their strength, skill and speed under the same pistes conditions, while still maintaining the original excellent ornamentality of alpine skiing, so it has become the "crown jewel of the Winter Olympics".

The slope of the slope of the slope is generally shown in the slope, and the difficulty level of the slope is mainly divided according to the slope. The standards of the pistes in the United States and Canada are: the slope of the beginner road (greenway) is 6% to 25%, that is, the slope is below 14°; the intermediate road (blue road) is 25% to 40%, that is, 14° to 21.8°; and the advanced road (black road) is more than 40%, that is, more than 21.8°. The standard total length of the racing alpine skiing track is about 3000 meters, the drop is about 900 meters, that is, the slope of the full length is about 30%. The mountain-based track has ups and downs, in which the slope of the multi-section slope can reach 70% to 80%, and multiple jump points are formed. Excellent alpine skiers can reach a maximum speed of more than 140 km/h in alpine skiing competitions.

Choosing a piste is key

Alpine skiing is not flat skiing, it requires the control of downhill technology, if the speed and direction cannot be controlled on the slope, the speed may become faster and faster, causing falls, collisions, and even rushing out of the slopes, causing injuries to personnel. Therefore, when the public goes to alpine skiing, they must choose to ski on the slopes that suit their level of downhill skills, so as to improve their skiing skills in happy skiing, without losing interest in skiing because of fear and injury.

Another potential danger of alpine skiing is avalanches. Avalanches are caused by gravity, so slopes first need to be greater than 60% to produce hazardous avalanches. Slopes with slopes of 70% to 100% (black and double black) are generally the slopes that are most prone to avalanches. Snow lovers whose technology has reached the level of safe skiing of double black ski trails must learn the "Avalanche Survival Rules in the Snow Field" before going to the slope.

Skiers should be protected

Because of the many dangers of alpine skiing, skiers should pay special attention to safety.

Gliding gear

Basic skiing equipment is skis, snowshoes, retainers and ski poles. The skis for beginners on the double board should not be too short or longer than the height. For lovers who plan to ski for a long time, it is best to specially configure a full set of skating equipment that suits them. Suitable taxiing equipment is also a guarantee for taxiing safety.

Protective equipment

Ski gear includes helmets, snow goggles, masks, wrist pads, gloves, knee pads, hip pads and armor from head to toe. Helmets, snow goggles and gloves are a must. In addition to protecting the head from injury, the helmet also has the effect of cold protection; snow mirrors have the effect of windproof and eye protection; gloves can keep warm, and at the same time, hand injuries can be reduced when holding snowboards or falling. In addition, the mask has the effect of keeping warm, windproof and protecting the face. Other protective gear can avoid damage to the corresponding area.

Physical condition

Avoid skiing after being unwell, eating too much, or drinking alcohol. Skiing is a strenuous exercise in a low temperature environment, which will aggravate the discomfort reaction, and eating too much can easily cause gastrointestinal discomfort. After drinking alcohol, the body's balance ability decreases, and alcohol will dilate the blood vessels on the surface of the body, which can easily lead to the loss of temperature in the body. In addition, the level of alpine skiing downhill technology directly determines the safety and comprehensive sliding ability of skiers, as well as the feeling of skiing. At the same time, incorrect gliding techniques or gliding postures may cause damage to skeletal ligaments, so technical advancement requires the guidance of regular ski instructors.

Properly handle common injuries

01

frostbite

Due to the low temperature, the most common injuries for skiers in the ski slopes are hypothermia and frostbite. Once this happens, you should immediately leave the low temperature site, change the wet clothes, shoes and socks, you can soak the frostbite part with warm water at 40 ° C, and wear thick clothes to keep warm. Do not use the rubbing method to promote blood circulation in the frostbite area, and the soaked water temperature should not be too high, and special attention should not be paid to the fire immediately. Do not take off the elastic socks for frostbite on the feet, and re-warm and reduce swelling before treatment.

02

Eye injuries

The reflection of the snow is very strong, the eyes are completely naked, and it is very easy to snow blindness. It is best to equip professional ski glasses to prevent snow blindness. If you have symptoms of snow blindness, do not rub your eyes with your hands, wash your eyes with pure water or eye drops, and then cover your eyes with soft medical cotton yarn and close your eyes to rest.

03

Skin injuries

When skiing, skin injuries that often occur include abrasions and lacerations, bruising and hematomas, and sports abrasions. For abrasions and lacerations, the wound is immediately cleaned and then applied with an anti-inflammatory ointment or purple potion, not covered with gauze. For congestion and hematoma, you can use ice compresses to stop bleeding and reduce swelling, after which the body will automatically remove these bruises, the wound gradually turns from purple to blue and then to yellow and then gradually disappears, and after 3 days, hot compresses and massage can be used to alleviate the pain.

04

Bone injuries

When people ski, due to the strong external impact or weight load from time to time, it exceeds its own mechanical bearing range, so it is easy to fracture. Once a fracture occurs, it should be immediately lying flat and call on rescue personnel, do not move, let alone massage or pull, because the fracture is likely to damage the surrounding blood vessels, causing congestion and edema, further increasing the difficulty of treatment.

05

Muscle injury

After getting to the ski resort and putting on the equipment, do not immediately run to the slopes, but should carefully do a few stretching actions, targeted to fully activate the parts that are about to be forced, so that it is more flexible in sports. In addition, if the exercise time is too long, do not panic when encountering spasms, as long as you gently try to pull the injured muscle in the opposite direction and make it elongated, the pain will be alleviated.

06

Joint and ligament injuries

Skiing inevitably comes with a weak foot or a sprained knee. In addition, elbow and shoulder injuries due to falls also occur from time to time, and sometimes dislocations occur. Once sprained, the joint can not bear weight or the movement is obviously limited, should immediately call the rescue personnel, need to go to the hospital with the ability to treat the injury clearly, timely treatment, to avoid leaving sequelae.

The author | Deputy Medical Officer of the National Alpine Skiing Center and Alpine Skiing Doctor

Yuan Qiang, chief physician of spine surgery at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

Video | Wang Xuesong, chief physician of the Department of Sports Medicine at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

Audit | expert of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database

Zhao Bin, chief physician of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

Planned | Tan Jia

Video clip | Wang Junke

Editor| Liu Yang