Text/He Wei
On August 5, 1959, Xinhua News Agency Urumqi telegraphed: "Ho Chi Minh, chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, was accompanied by Sai Fu Ding, Guo Peng, Tao Zhiyue, Zhang Zhonghan and others to visit the Shihezi Reclamation Area of the Production and Construction Corps on the morning of the 2nd, and was warmly welcomed by male and female workers. The cable did not say where President Ho Chi Minh came to Xinjiang.
Decades have passed, and the veil of history has been lifted, and people have finally learned that President Ho Chi Minh flew directly from Lushan Airport to Xinjiang. From July 26 to August 1, 1959, Ho Chi Minh secretly visited Lushan to meet with the leaders of the Communist Party of China who were holding a meeting in Lushan. Xinhua News Agency, August 13, 1959, said: "After Visiting China's Northwest Region on his way back to China after a vacation in the Soviet Union, President Ho Chi Minh arrived in Beijing by special plane at noon today. The cable also did not mention the process of Ho Chi Minh's stay in Lushan for 7 days during this period.
One
In late July 1959, Ho Chi Minh ended his vacation in the Soviet Union and was on his way back to Beijing to meet with the Chinese leadership. Vice Premier Chen Yi, who remained in Beijing, said the CCP leaders were meeting in Lushan and that there would be some time to come. Ho Chi Minh insisted on meeting with the LEADERS of the CPC, and with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, asked Ho Chi Minh to come to Lushan in secret and not to report to the outside world.
On the morning of July 26, the "Il-14" special plane dedicated to Ho Chi Minh landed at Jiujiang Shilipu Airport. Ho Chi Minh, dressed in white cloth gowns, a gray cloth hat, black cloth shoes on his feet, and a long beard, was the first to get off the plane. Yang Shangkun, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, and Wang Dongxing, then vice governor of Jiangxi Province, greeted him and warmly welcomed President Hu's arrival. Ho Chi Minh, speaking proficient Chinese, said somewhat unexpectedly, "Didn't you say you wouldn't come to pick it up?" How come you guys are here again. Family, polite what. Such a big meeting, you must be very busy. Yang Shangkun clasped Ho Chi Minh's hand and said, "Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou sent us to pick up President Hu and accompany Him up the mountain." Yang Shangkun also specially introduced a young cadre who came with him to Chairman Hu, saying that he was Comrade Cheng Xianxi, deputy director of the Lushan Communication Office, and that Chairman Hu was specifically responsible for his daily life in Lushan. Ho Chi Minh shook Cheng Xianxi's hand very affectionately and said, "I'm going to cause you trouble, thank you." Cheng Xianxi clasped the hand of President Hu, whom he had admired for a long time, and was very excited.
Yang Shangkun and others accompanied Ho Chi Minh to take a break at the Lushan Administration's Jiujiang Guest House, and after lunch, they drove up the mountain. Yang Shangkun and Wang Dongxing resigned before sending Ho Chi Minh to the villa where he was staying, hoping to meet Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai as soon as possible, and Yang Shangkun said that he would immediately report to Chairman Mao.
Cheng Xianxi accompanied Ho Chi Minh and his entourage to the villa. After a while, we arrived at Villa 394. The staff and service personnel in the villa gathered at the door of the villa to welcome the arrival of Chairman Hu. Ho Chi Minh beckoned everyone and greeted everyone. Ho Chi Minh looked at the place where he was staying and blurted out: "Such a beautiful villa." "This is a chic, romantic American villa, one-story stone structure, sitting east and west, built in 1915. The main façade of the villa is rectangular, but the left side is turned into an arc, showing the swaying of the lines. The parapet board pattern of the villa's promenade is elaborate and exquisite, and the roof is composed of several "four slopes of water" and "human" glyphs, which is very vivid. Ho Chi Minh walked into the villa with great interest, looked east and west, and was very satisfied.
That evening, Liu Bocheng, Ye Jianying, Yang Shangkun, and Luo Ruiqing all came to visit their old friend Ho Chi Minh, and Jiangxi provincial party and government leaders Yang Shangkui, Shao Shiping, Fang Zhichun, and Wang Dongxing also came to visit Ho Chi Minh. Yang Shangkun bid farewell to Ho Chi Minh: Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou specially arranged a special time tomorrow morning to meet with Ho Chi Minh at the "Meilu" villa. Ho Chi Minh was very happy to hear that.
Two
The next morning, Cheng Xianxi accompanied Ho Chi Minh by car to Mao Zedong's "Meilu" villa. The "Meilu" villa was originally Chiang Kai-shek's official residence in Lushan, and on a boulder in the villa garden, the two characters of "Meilu" were engraved with the handwritten letter of Chiang Kai-shek before leaving Lushan for the last time in August 1948. Mao Zedong was also very fond of this typical British-style villa, staying here in 1959 and 1961 when meetings were held in Lushan, making the "Meilu" villa the only villa in China where the top leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China lived. In 1996, the "Meilu" villa was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Cheng Xianxi led Ho Chi Minh through the villa garden, where Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were already waiting in front of the villa. Ho Chi Minh stretched out his arms and hugged Mao Zedong first. Ho Chi Minh held a study class for Vietnamese cadres in Guangzhou in 1925, and soon after, he became acquainted with Mao Zedong, who held a peasant movement training center in Guangzhou. Later, when Ho Chi Minh led the Vietnamese people against the Japanese and French invading armies, he attached great importance to the study of Mao Zedong's military ideas and applied them to the national liberation struggle in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh said in his political report to the Second Congress of the Workers' Party of Vietnam in February 1951: "Relying on China's revolutionary experience and Relying on Mao Zedong Thought, we have further understood Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin... This is something that our Vietnamese revolutionaries should remember and thank. ”
The feelings of Ho Chi Minh and Mao Zedong were extremely deep and sincere. After Ho Chi Minh and Mao Zedong hugged each other, they hugged Zhou Enlai tightly. Ho Chi Minh and Zhou Enlai knew each other earlier, and Ho Chi Minh joined the Communist Party in France in 1920, organized colonial and semi-colonial youth in Paris to form a federation of various nationalities, and ran a "Poor People's Newspaper", which had a great influence. Soon after, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Li Fuchun, Cai Chang and others who came to France to study for work-study became acquainted with Ho Chi Minh, affectionately and respectfully called him Big Brother Hu, and often discussed Marxist-Leninist theory with him and the road of national revolution. After 1924, Ho Chi Minh in Guangzhou had close contact with Zhou Enlai, who was the director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and in 1925, he also attended the wedding of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao. After decades of acquaintance, the two formed a deep friendship.
Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai welcomed Ho Chi Minh into the parlor of the villa, and Ho Chi Minh saw a long, thick, and extremely finely crafted ivory on the bookcase next to the hall. Yu Baoshan, the administrator of the villa, introduced to Chairman Hu that this whole ivory is 1.2 meters long, the whole is hollowed out, and there are not only landscapes, terraces, trees, and many animals hidden in it. This rare ivory handicraft in the world was given to Chiang Kai-shek by Gandhi and Nehru, leaders of the Indian National Liberation Movement, when Chiang Kai-shek visited India in February 1942. After listening to the introduction, Ho Chi Minh was very interested in identifying the animals in the ivory carving, and soon found two small monkeys and a fierce tiger. Mao Zedong couldn't help but clap his hands and smile: "You see the monkey and the tiger as soon as you look at it, and in my person, there is half of the monkey qi and half of the tiger qi, all of which let you see through it." ”
Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ho Chi Minh talked cordially, and the reception room erupted into hearty laughter from time to time. Near noon, Mao Zedong invited Ho Chi Minh to eat in the "Meilu" villa, and Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De also came to accompany him. Ho Chi Minh invited Mao Zedong to sit on the table, and Mao Zedong waved his hand and said, "We are brothers meeting today, brothers eat together, the elders are respected, and we will sit in the seats of the elders and youngest today." Zhu De was the oldest and sat first; Ho Chi Minh was 3 years older than Mao Zedong and sat down next to Zhu De; Liu Shaoqi was a few months younger than Zhou Enlai and sat in the last place.
The crowd laughed and laughed, and drank and ate intimately. Mao Zedong picked up a chopstick stone chicken and placed it on a plate in front of Ho Chi Minh, while introducing: "This is a specialty of Lushan Mountain- stone chicken, that is, a frog growing in a ravine, larger than the size of the field, and the taste is delicious." We used to catch tooth sacrifices in Jinggangshan. This is what Han Xianchu caught yesterday to give me a taste, he caught this is a good hand, I said to stay until today to ask Chairman Hu to taste it. If Chairman Hu likes it, then ask Commander Han to go to great lengths. With that, Mao Zedong took a few pieces of bacon from another plate and put them on the small plate in front of Ho Chi Minh, and continued: "This is smoked bacon from Hunan, brought by comrades from Hunan who came to the meeting." They know my temper, never dare to give me any gifts, bring me a few pieces of home-smoked bacon to relieve my hunger, then I still have to laugh, in Beijing can not eat such authentic bacon. I wonder if Chairman Hu is used to eating this smoky taste? Enlai is not used to eating. The intimacy at the dinner table fully shows the connotation of Ho Chi Minh's famous poem: "The friendship between Vietnam and China is deep, and comrades and brothers are added." ”
Chen Xianxi accompanied Ho Chi Minh, who had eaten lunch, back to the villa. Ho Chi Minh is still in high spirits, constantly recounting his feelings for the Chinese leadership.
On the morning of the third day, Ho Chi Minh also made a special trip to visit Chairman Liu at Villa 124, where Liu Shaoqi was staying, and the two talked cordially for more than two hours.
That night, Liu Shaoqi, together with Wang Guangmei and Zhu De, Kang Keqing, Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Li Fuchun, and Cai Chang, came to visit Ho Chi Minh at Villa 394. Ho Chi Minh couldn't help but be overjoyed to see so many old friends coming all the time. He said to Deng Yingchao: "Xiao Chao, there are so many distinguished guests, how should I entertain?" A "Xiao Chao" made Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao's hearts scream. Around 1924, Ho Chi Minh often heard Zhou Enlai calling "Xiao Chao" and "Xiao Chao" in Guangzhou, and he followed suit and has been calling until now. Deng Yingchao said: "We just want to drink the coffee that Brother Hu personally brewed." The crowd clapped their hands and applauded. In the decades of extremely difficult and tense struggle experience, Ho Chi Minh developed the habit of drinking coffee in order to refresh his mind, and practiced the good craft of brewing coffee with one hand, and every time he entertained distinguished guests, he had to personally brew coffee, often winning the appreciation of visitors. On this cool and pleasant summer night in Lushan, the strong aroma of coffee passes through Villa 394, wafting in the valley and dense forest...
Three
During his 7 days of secret visit to Lushan, Ho Chi Minh not only met frequently with Chinese party and government leaders, but also enjoyed various famous attractions on the mountain and under the mountain. Ho Chi Minh, who had just come to Lushan, was no stranger to Lushan, and he was already familiar with Lushan from many classical Chinese poems, and just a few years ago, he personally experienced a major event related to Lushan.
On the afternoon of the third day of Lushan, Ho Chi Minh asked Cheng Xianxi if Lushan had run a school for Vietnamese children. Cheng Xianxi nodded and said: Yes, a few years ago, there was a Vietnamese school, and more than 1,000 Vietnamese teenagers came. He wondered how President Hu knew about this. Ho Chi Minh said he wanted to go to the original school site to see. Cheng Xianxi immediately took Ho Chi Minh to the Lushan Mansion and the former "Muling American School".
Of course, Ho Chi Minh knew about the Lushan Vietnamese School, which he personally facilitated.
In June 1953, the Vietnamese People's War of Resistance to France and National Salvation led by Ho Chi Minh was in its most arduous and intense stage. Ho Chi Minh had a far-sighted plan, and in order to cultivate a large number of talents who had built the motherland after the end of the War of Resistance Against France, he personally wrote to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong, asking China to establish several schools for Vietnam, especially a school for the children of Vietnamese cadres. Overcoming the tremendous difficulties of the New China being rebuilt and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which was still under way, the CPC Central Committee resolutely agreed to Ho Chi Minh's request. Soon, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a school for the children of Vietnamese cadres in Lushan, Jiangxi. Ho Chi Minh was very happy when he heard the news. On July 9 of the same year, Vietnam's Minister of Education Nguyen Van Xuan signed a decision to establish the "Lushan Vietnamese Junior School" in Jiangxi, China. In late August, the children of more than 1,200 senior Vietnamese party, government, and military leaders and the children of some martyrs came to Lushan in eight batches, the eldest of whom was about 15 years old and the youngest was only eight or nine years old. The Chinese side has allocated a large number of staff, teachers and service personnel to serve these Vietnamese children and teenagers. Later, because Lushan was very cold in winter, and the warm conditions at that time were limited, it was difficult for Vietnamese students living in subtropical areas to adapt, and a year later, vietnamese schools moved to Guilin, Guangxi, and moved back to Vietnam after 1956.
Vietnamese students live in the "Mulling American School" and the adjacent Lushan Building. Cheng Xianxi took Ho Chi Minh to the American school building first. Cheng Xianxi told Ho Chi Minh that although Lushan mountain has been famous for thousands of years, the mountain city of Muling was only developed and built by the British missionary Li Deli in 1895, less than a hundred years ago. The building was built in 1921, when Lushan already had hundreds of villas and thousands of foreigners living for many years, and the Americans built the school specifically to accommodate hundreds of students. Then, Cheng Xianxi took Ho Chi Minh to the Lushan Building. He told Ho Chi Minh that the six-story building was personally selected by Chiang Kai-shek and personally reviewed the drawings for the construction of the building, and was completed in 1936, mainly for the purpose of organizing the Lushan Officer Training Corps, which can accommodate 700 or 800 people.
Ho Chi Minh browsed the floors of the Lushan Building, and Cheng Xianxi told him that the Vietnamese school run a few years ago was a major event in Lushan, and the people of Lushan tried their best to cooperate with the school's work from all aspects. The winter of 1953 was particularly cold, and lushan party and government organs, institutions and residents preferred to freeze themselves to give priority to ensuring the supply of coal and timber in Vietnamese schools. Whenever it snows heavily, the people of Lushan carry brooms and shovels to clean the snow and ice around Vietnamese schools, and must not let Vietnamese children who have never seen ice and snow fall. Ho Chi Minh listened, nodded his head, and said: Chinese people have helped us too much, these children will be the pillars of the country in the future, and they will not forget China and Lushan.
Ho Chi Minh's foresight is accurate, and the more than 1,000 Vietnamese children and teenagers who came to Lushan in those years have now become important leaders and professional backbones of the Vietnamese party, government, army, and fronts, including two members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam who retired in June 2006, former Vice Premier Vu Kuan and former director of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Tran Dinh Huan; Nguyen Tan Dung, who was elected Prime Minister of Vietnam in June 2006, also studied at this school. On September 23, 2005, Wu Gao Phan, vice chairman and secretary general of the Vietnam-China Friendship Association, made a special trip to Lushan, where he had studied, to present the "Order of Peace and Friendship" to Dinh Thanh Huang, a 77-year-old man in Lushan, on behalf of the Vietnamese government, in recognition of his outstanding work at the School for the Children of Vietnamese Cadres in Lushan more than 50 years ago. In his speech, Wu Gaopan said: "Everyone's growth process is different, but none of us has ever done anything to apologize for the friendship between Vietnam and China, which is our common satisfaction and pride." As time passed, our hair turned white, and the teachers, nannies, uncles, and aunts of the year gradually left us, an irresistible rule. But lushan Vietnamese school will live forever in the history of the Vietnamese revolution and the history of Vietnamese-Chinese relations."
When Ho Chi Minh visited the Lushan Mansion, an interesting episode also occurred.
When Ho Chi Minh was waving goodbye to the staff in the building, he suddenly heard a man shouting in Vietnamese: "Uncle Hu, Uncle Hu!" Ho Chi Minh was stunned, only to see a middle-aged man come to his side, excitedly said in Vietnamese: "Uncle Hu, hello, I am so happy to see you in Lushan!" Cheng Xianxi hurriedly introduced to Ho Chi Minh: "He is our famous Vietnamese old Eighth Road Nguyen Van Yen. Ho Chi Minh listened, hurriedly stretched out his hands, and Nguyen Van Yen held hands tightly, smiling and asking him about his experience. Nguyen told Ho Chi Minh that he was born in 1928 and worked in 1943 at a company in Hejiang City, on the border with Yunnan, China, secretly delivering a large amount of anti-war materials to China, and when he was detected by the Japanese, he fled into China and officially joined the Eighth Route Army in Shandong in October 1944. In 1952, he entered the Korean War with the army, and was later seriously injured, and was sent back to the People's Liberation Army 171 Hospital at the foot of Lushan For treatment, and after recovering, he transferred to Lushan to work, and now Lushan Building manages logistics. After listening to this, Ho Chi Minh nodded happily and said to him cordially: "Chinese people are brothers of the Vietnamese people and have given the Vietnamese people great help. You must regard China as your own motherland, do a good job, and serve the people of the Chinese is to serve the people of the motherland! Ruan Wenren said excitedly: "I must remember Uncle Hu's words, I must do a good job, and report to Uncle Hu with good results." Ho Chi Minh happily took a solo photo with Nguyen Van Yen. Ruan Wenren, who is 80 years old this year, recalls meeting Uncle Hu and is always excited.
Four
During the 7 days in Lushan, Ho Chi Minh was always in a state of joy, always smiling and smiling, but Cheng Xianxi also saw Ho Chi Minh's thick eyebrows locked and contemplative appearance once, and he was deeply impressed.
It was July 29, and Cheng Xianxi accompanied Ho Chi Minh to Xiufeng in the southeastern foothills of Lushan Mountain. Xiufeng is the general name of the landscape in the southeastern foothills of Lushan Mountain, and there are Li Baiyin's Kaixian Waterfall, incense burner peaks shaped like incense burners, double sword peaks like double swords, and beautiful scenery such as Crane Ming Peak, Sister Peak, and Longtan. Ho Chi Minh was deeply intoxicated by the landscape, he went hot, simply took off his cloth shoes and cloth socks, pulled his trouser legs high, soaked his feet in the cool mountain spring, faced the Kaixian Waterfall, and loudly recited Li Bai's ancient song: "The incense burner in the sun produces purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs on the front river from afar." The current flowed down three thousand feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way had fallen for nine days. "Fellow guards, medical staff and other staff members are deeply infected.
Xiufeng Scenic Area is not only charming scenery, Xiufeng Temple around the inscription is also a must, in May 1959 was listed as a whole in Jiangxi Province key cultural relics protection unit, in May 2006 upgraded to the national key cultural relics protection unit, Profound Sinology Ho Chi Minh naturally will not let go of the opportunity to appreciate. He carefully observed the inscriptions of the Kangxi Emperor and his crown prince Yin Rong of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the princes and ministers of the previous dynasties, and carefully observed the inscriptions of the great calligraphers of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Such as Yan Zhenqing, Mi Fu, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, and Wang Yangming, and nodded his head in approval from time to time. Ho Chi Minh saw a stone carving on the stone wall of Longtan: "Laughing Cry Rock", and he couldn't help but be a little puzzled, so he asked the local cultural officials accompanying him for advice. Local officials told him that "Laughing Rock" was inscribed in this century by a South Korean patriot named "Lee Ning Jae." This senior official who had been exiled to China because of the annexation of the country by Japan was touching the scenery and remembering the good mountains and rivers of his hometown when he browsed Xiufeng. Facing the beautiful scenery in front of him, he did not know whether to laugh or cry, so he specially titled "Laughing Cry Rock" 3 big characters. After Ho Chi Minh listened, he frequently nodded his head, was silent for a long time, and the smile gradually disappeared from his face. No one bothered him, and perhaps he remembered that Vietnam had long been ravaged by the Japanese and French invading armies, that South Vietnam was still under the rule of the French, and that when the reunification of the motherland and the prosperity of the people would be realized...
It was not until he left Xiufeng and returned to Lushan that Ho Chi Minh gradually returned to normalcy.
August 1 is the founding day of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the last day of Ho Chi Minh's stay in Lushan. In the morning, he went to briefly resign to Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and others who were holding an intense meeting; in the afternoon, he specially invited Deng Yingchao, Kang Keqing, Cai Chang, Wang Guangmei, and Wang Ronghua (Mrs. Liu Bocheng)'s wives to the villa as guests to commemorate China's Founding Day. Everyone talked like brothers and sisters. At dinner, Ho Chi Minh asked the ladies to have a few more drinks. Deng Yingchao knew Ho Chi Minh's oath that South Vietnam would never marry without liberation, so he said to him: "I hope to drink your happy wine next time." Ho Chi Minh brushed his long beard and looked up at the sky with a big laugh and said, "After the liberation of the south, I will definitely invite you to drink happy wine." ”
After the ladies resigned, several leaders of the Lushan Administration Bureau came to visit Ho Chi Minh to solicit his opinions on the reception service work in Lushan and asked him to take a souvenir of the Lushan inscription. Ho Chi Minh is very grateful to Lushan for its warm and thoughtful reception, and expresses his heartfelt praise for Lushan's beautiful environment, pleasant climate and rich cultural heritage, and especially expresses his heartfelt thanks to the government and people of Lushan for their strong support for the Vietnamese junior school run a few years ago. Ho Chi Minh readily agreed to write an inscription for Lushan, and Cheng Xianxi hurriedly prepared pen, ink and rice paper. Ho Chi Minh came to the table, lifted the brush to see, felt a little small, so he used the index finger of his right hand to dip into the Yantai, wrote down the 3 Chinese characters of "Lushan Hao" on the rice paper, and then washed his hands and used the brush to write the side of "August 1959 Ho Chi Minh". Ho Chi Minh's finger calligraphy surprised everyone present and said, "Well written!" "Well written!" ”
Today, the villa where President Ho Chi Minh lived has become the main building of the Lushan "Lushan Good" Hotel, and the three big-character signs of "Lushan Good" handwritten by Ho Chi Minh are hung high on the side of the road. When the guests and tourists ask about the origin of the name of the hotel, the people of Lushan will fondly recall Ho Chi Minh's bits and pieces in Lushan...
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