From 1936 to 1938, this period was the most brilliant period of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, with more than 30,000 troops, organized into 11 armies, which were organized into the 1st Route Army, the 2nd Route Army, and the 3rd Route Army, and were commanded by Yang Jingyu, Zhou Baozhong, and Li Zhaolin.
In its heyday, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army was far more equipped with personnel and equipment than in the same period, and the Central Red Army, which had just arrived in northern Shaanxi, had only more than 7,000 people left. However, by 1942, when the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army retreated into the Soviet Union in batches and accepted the reorganization of the Soviet Army, only more than 700 soldiers remained.
Among them -
When the 1st Route Army, led by General Kim Il Sung, commander of the 6th Division, arrived in the Soviet Union, there were only 88 men left.
When the 2nd Route Army retreated into the Soviet Union under the leadership of General Zhou Baozhong, there were still more than 400 people left.
When the 3rd Route Army reached the Soviet Union, there were only about 200 people left.
Historians have always had different views on the reasons for the failure of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, especially for the first time in 1955, when the whole army first implemented the rank system, only 7 members of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition, which once had more than 30,000 troops, were awarded the rank of major general, which also caused some interpretation and controversy.
The Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army experienced a long and arduous struggle, but in the end it failed to develop and grow, and historians have summarized it as the following reasons:
Reason one: lack of proper organizational leadership
In fact, the highest decision-making body responsible for leading and commanding the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army at that time was not the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in northern Shaanxi, but the Comintern in Moscow.
The Comintern carried out remote control command of the development strategy of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army without any practicality, pertinence, and operation.
The Chairman later called it the "Three Nothings Doctrine"!
It is precisely this "Three Nothings Doctrine" that misleads and hinders the strategic development of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army in many major policy decisions, such as --
The Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, which was remotely controlled by the Comintern, pursued the principle of "obeying everything to the united front", which made the composition of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army very complicated. Among the troops were our Party's armed forces, the Korean Volunteer Army, the remnants of the Northeast Army, the anti-Japanese bandits who occupied the mountains as kings, and even the puppet Manchus, and even the Kuomintang infiltrated the spies.
This complex and unspecified composition of personnel has on the surface played a positive role in the development and growth of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, but in fact it has buried a huge hidden danger in the organizational structure of the Eastern Anti-Resistance League, and in fact has formed a powerful time bomb.
When the Later Northeast Anti-Japanese League encountered setbacks and failures, the reason why there were many defectors in the troops and a large number of traitors became traitors had a great relationship with the "obedience to the united front" pursued!
The second reason is that the principle of "left" and "right" wavering organizational construction in the Communist International has caused the Party organizations to be not firmly built from the grass-roots level to the upper levels in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
Among the senior leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League, Zhao Shangzhi, the founder and one of the leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League, was wrongly expelled from the party twice because he dared to uphold the truth at the "Boli Conference" held in the Soviet Union and committed a straight-forward opinion.
When the Northern Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, which had been under the leadership of the Communist International, expelled Zhao Shangzhi from the party for the second time, the full name of the document issued was "a resolution to permanently expel Zhao Shangzhi from the party."
However, the Northern Manchuria Provincial Party Committee tried every means to strengthen his will and develop him into a party member for generals such as Dai Hongbin, commander of the 6th Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, who later left the army with a military expenditure of 60 taels of gold, and Li Huatang, commander of the 9th Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, who defected to the enemy.
However, before he could fulfill the ceremony of joining the party, Dai Hongbin ran away with military expenses, and Li Huatang even led his troops down the mountain to defect to the Japanese Kou.
In addition, a large number of Officers and men of Korean nationality, such as General Kim Il Sung and General Choe Yong Kin, have their own formally and completely independent "Korean Communist Group" in the Northeast Anti-Japanese League.
Therefore, to sum up, in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, under the influence of the Communist International, the building of Party organizations was very weak.
Reason three: The Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army was far from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Shaanxi and was subject to the Communist Communist Party, but it failed to receive substantial assistance and support from the Comintern
In order to avoid a conflict with Japan, the Soviet government has always taken moscow as its lead, so in essence, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition has not received specific assistance and practical support from the Comintern and the Soviet government.
The only thing that can be counted as support and help is to train a group of radio transceivers for the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance in its heyday, and equipped with radio stations. In the stage of defeat of the Anti-Japanese Coalition, it received the remnants of the Anti-Coalition that had withdrawn into the Territory of the Soviet Union, and helped them to reorganize and rebuild and distribute clothing and weapons, and awarded the independent 88th Brigade of Infantry and incorporated into the Soviet army structure.
Reason Four: During the puppet Manchu period, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition was the only anti-Japanese armed force in the entire northeast region that was built up and made of scale. Therefore, it became the only opponent of the Japanese army and the only target that must be urgently destroyed.
In this section, there is no need to dwell on the fact that the Northeast Anti-Japanese League is the only opponent of the Japanese army in the entire northeast region, and the survival and development of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League have been seriously restricted and attacked by the Japanese army.
Conclusion ——
The Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army braved hardships and dangers behind enemy lines, stubbornly and unyieldingly fought against the Japanese and Kou for more than ten years, until September 1945, when General Zhou Baozhong finally made contact with the Zeng Kelin Department of the Jireliao Military Region that entered Shenyang, and from this moment on, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition was truly placed under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, classified into the northeast People's Autonomous Army, and became a member of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
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