In early 1933, after the Japanese army captured Shanhaiguan and Rehe, it further launched an attack on the military points along the Great Wall, and the Chinese army resisted. The main focus of contention between the enemy and us is the passes of the Great Wall in the Yanshan Mountains and the nearby commanding heights, and the history of this operation is called the "Great Wall War of Resistance."
The Great Wall Resistance, from the beginning of 1933 to May, lasted nearly 5 months, using more than 40 divisions of the Northeast Army, the Northwest Army, and the Central Army with a total of more than 200,000 troops to fight against the Japanese army of 40,000 people, resulting in the Chinese army in this war of resistance killed 16,725 people, wounded 24,019 people, while the Japanese casualties were only 2,600. The defeat of this War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression led to the signing of the Tanggu Agreement between China and Japan, which humiliated the country, causing China to lose the territory of the whole province of Rehe and 22 counties in eastern Hebei.
For the failure of the Great Wall War of Resistance, many people are very confused, 6 to 1 troops, with the tone of the keyboard man, saliva can drown them, how can they lose?
So, let's analyze the reasons for the failure of the "Great Wall War":
First of all, it is from the perspective of great things and is caused by chiang Kai-shek's National Government's policy of "foreign countries must first be at home." Although Chiang Kai-shek adjusted his policy toward Japan after september 18, from non-resistance to slight resistance, and also sent the strength of four or five divisions of the Central Army to participate in the battle during the Great Wall War of Resistance, his most elite troops were still encircling and suppressing the Red Army, fighting on both sides, and they were unable to do so.
Second, tactical analysis shows that the Japanese army adopted the tactics of multi-party containment and concentrated mobile forces to attack quickly, while our side adopted the tactics of passive defense and sticking to the position, and did not have the tactical thinking of taking the initiative to attack. For example, the 29th Army, which held Xifengkou and Luo Wenyu, took the initiative to attack the Japanese army at night, but this practice was not promoted throughout the army.
Third, there is a huge disparity in weapons and equipment between the enemy and us, and the Japanese combat equipment has armored vehicles and tanks, artillery under the cover, and aircraft bombing on the ground, which is highly mobile and fierce. Looking at our side, not only is the equipment poor, like the 29th Army, not only is the firepower weak, but also the situation of "there are soldiers without guns, guns without bullets", just one large knife per person, 6 grenades. Even the 25th Division of the Central Army, which defended Gubeikou, was barefoot and wore straw shoes when it went to the battlefield.
Fourth, the most important reason for the "failure of the Great Wall War of Resistance" was the poor quality of some officers and men of the Chinese defenders and their lack of combat effectiveness. It is mainly manifested as "discord between generals and commanders" and "discord among friendly forces". For example, Zhang Tingshu, commander of the 112th Division of the 67th Army of the Northeast Army at Gubeikou, because he was dissatisfied with the commander Wang Yizhe, did not withdraw his troops from the front line, did not want to hold the position, disobeyed orders, and was not in harmony with the generals; when the Guan LinZheng Department of the 25th Division of the Central Army arrived at Gubeikou, Zhang Tingshu insisted on withdrawing, quarreled for 4 hours as soon as they met, and had no choice but to hold the original position, and then because the main force of the 25th Division was in the second line behind the 112th Division, he was not satisfied, thinking that the Central Army was a supervision team, and after he lost his position, Without contact with the friendly 25th Division, he withdrew from his position and retreated across the friendly forces in the direction of Peiping. As a result, the Japanese army occupied the commanding heights of the entire line and launched a condescending attack on the 25th Division, which was for the sake of "friendly discord".
Look, how can such an army still fight and win a war?
However, in the Great Wall War of Resistance, there were also anti-Japanese heroes such as Zhao Dengyu, Tong Zeguang, and Guan Linzheng, who took the lead in fighting, but there were still too few such figures.
Although the Great Wall Resistance was a failure, this was the first time after the "918" that the Chinese army resisted the Japanese army on a large scale in north China. The Great Wall War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression stimulated the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of all walks of life throughout the country and promoted the Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement. In particular, the victory of the 29th Army's large knife brigade spread throughout the country and encouraged the anti-Japanese confidence of the Chinese people.