June is a stressful season for countless test takers and parents across the country. Ten years of hard reading in the cold window, every student is looking forward to the title of the gold list, the fish leaping dragon gate. In the Song Dynasty, in fact, there were also college entrance examinations, such as the imperial examination, such as the military enlistment examination, etc., it is said that the examination process is still very lively, not only has extra points, but also special military recruitment, and the most popular candidates, is the song Dynasty's old list system. What are these three special cases? Next, let Xiaobian reveal the secret for you:
(All pictures in this article, all from the network, thanks to the original author, if you infringe your rights, please contact the author of this number to delete.) Pictures have nothing to do with the content, please do not sit on the number) In ancient China, the imperial examination system was the main means for the feudal imperial court to select people after the Jiupin Zhongzheng system. According to research, the imperial examination system began to appear from the Sui and Tang dynasties and continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than a thousand years, and the most perfect period of the imperial examination system was the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was divided into changju, system and martial arts, and changke and system were literary juju, which could be divided into tribute juju, juju and tongziju. The examination is further divided into three levels: the first level is the examination held by the states; the second level is the provincial examination held by the Ministry of Rites; and the third level, that is, the highest level, is the palace examination held by the emperor himself. The top three who came out of the temple examination were the champions, the list of eyes and the tanhua that were all talked about by the imperial court and the people.
These procedures, although complex, are still normal procedures. In addition to these normal procedures, there are some interesting exceptions. The first is called the line paper bonus point system, to put it bluntly, that is, candidates should find other points for themselves in addition to the exam. The system of extra points for the scrolls began in the Tang Dynasty, and its main operation methods were as follows: candidates entered Beijing in advance before the examination, wrote their usually good works into hand scrolls, and used various methods to send them to the hands of imperial court officials. If your article is really great and you have not yet taken the exam, the officials of the imperial court will have a good impression of you, which will naturally ultimately affect the examiner's judgment of your exam paper. The highest realm of the system of extra points for the scroll is to roll the hand into the hands of the important courtiers, and you can directly decide your own destiny.
The most typical of these is the great poet Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, when Wang Wei was twenty years old, he entered Beijing for the examination. At that time, there were many people in the send-off volume. Among them, some people directly went to the most powerful Princess Yuzhen in the imperial court, and Princess Yuzhen may have promised others to give them titles. However, Wang Wei's classmate came to the top later, and under the arrangement of King Qi, through the scroll, plus his own talent and appearance, as well as a good piano, he actually snatched the title that belonged to someone else from the hands of Princess Yuzhen. The second is called the special recruitment system. The most obvious embodiment of this special recruitment system is reflected in the ancient conscription. In ancient times, there were certain requirements for recruitment, in addition to the threshold for martial arts, archery, riding, etc., but also to take some necessary examinations, although these standards are very low. However, there is a special class that is very different from the ordinary recruitment exam. This kind of specially recruited class is called a soldier.
It is said that this system began with Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty. Although we always say that the Song Dynasty emphasized literature and light martial arts, in fact, the Song Dynasty also had high requirements for soldiers, from height, to eyesight, to martial arts, etc. there are necessary conditions, but how to make the local government in the selection of soldiers as far as possible in line with the rules of the imperial court? Therefore, the Song Dynasty deliberately recruited a special kind of soldier, that is, a soldier. The requirements for military samples are very interesting, not to test martial arts, not to test archery and riding. As long as they are tall, fat and thin, and their appearance meets the ideal requirements of the imperial court for soldiers, they are the standard model for soldiers. Then, these military samples are sent to various places, and when the local recruitment agencies recruit soldiers, they can refer to the military samples.
The third is called the old list system. Everyone has read the story of Fan Jinzhongju, and in the real world, the imperial examination is the only way out for countless literati. Therefore, like Fan Jin, there are many people who have taken the exam for a lifetime, and even more people have not been admitted for a lifetime. Therefore, every year, there will be many old literati with inconvenient legs and feet, and they must also travel thousands of miles to Beijing to catch the examination. At this time, not only should people feel that it is hard to read, but also make people feel the cruelty of the examination. So how to break it? In the Song Dynasty, an old list system emerged. That is, in addition to the main list of the examination, there is another list that mainly targets the old literati. Usually, the people who can enter this list are the elderly who are dying, so people call this list "old list".
The old list is a special benefit of the imperial court for elderly candidates, but it is also required. The Song Dynasty stipulated that those who were eligible to enter the old list had to pass the examination fifteen times at least. Moreover, for the old candidates of the middle and old list, the treatment given by the imperial court is also different from that of the main list. Interestingly, the different treatment of the old list is also reflected in people's recognition. During the Huizong period, there was a man named Xu Shi who won the old list. According to the rules, the imperial court held a celebration banquet for everyone and gave everyone a palace flower. After the feast, everyone went to the dusty place as usual. But at this time, there is a difference, other people's palace flowers are all competed for by the singers. And Mr. Xu Shi's palace flowers, but no one paid attention to them. Finally, Xu Shi laughed at himself and composed a poem: "The white horse and green shirt are old and official, and qionglin feasts on wine and intestines." Pingkang passed without anyone asking, leaving The palace flowers to wake up and look. "Although today, we all say that children are tired of studying, and even many people have a lot of criticism of the college entrance examination. But, to be honest, compared with the ancient imperial examinations, we have to admit that today's children are much happier. So, children, come on, I believe that you can all achieve your own satisfactory results and live up to your own ten years of cold window.
Wen Xiucai, editor-in-chief of Wenlan Hairun Studio, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Zhang Hongguang