In the last century, the Soviet Union has created many scientific and technological miracles, especially in the field of spaceflight, and is the pioneer of many new things, such as the first artificial satellite, the first space station, and so on.
The achievements of the heavens could not be satisfied, and the Soviets set their sights on the underground. In 1970, the Soviet Union embarked on a scientific drilling mission in the Kola Peninsula region adjacent to Norway, drilling many holes in the area, the main purpose of which was to study the situation inside the Earth. The drilling mission did not end until 1994, while studies of the drilled cores continued until 2006. In 2008, the related buildings in the area were also demolished or abandoned.
The drilling mission, which has a target depth of 15 kilometres, is planned to penetrate the upper layer of the Earth's crust to reach the Moho surface where the crust meets the mantle and take samples. However, the plan did not meet expectations. In fact, the United States also carried out a similar drilling program in the 1960s.
Among the many drill holes, one of them, code-named SG-3, is now known as the Kola Ultra Deep Drill, with a vertical depth of 12,262 meters. This hole, which opens in the northeast of the Baltic Shield, is not very large, with a diameter of 92 cm at the upper part and 21.5 cm in diameter at the lower part.
Even now, the depth of the drill is still the third deepest in the world. The top two were 12,289 meters from the Ashhosin oil well in Qatar in 2008 and 12,345 meters from the Odoptu OP-11 oil well on Sakhalin Island, Russia in 2011.
The Earth's average radius is 6378 kilometers, and the deepest drill recorded so far is just over 12 kilometers, less than two thousandths of the Earth's average radius.
Some people say that they stopped drilling because they heard unknown sounds, and some people said that they stopped drilling because they heard unknown sounds, and some people said that they were hindered by unknown organisms, but in fact, there were two reasons, one was insufficient funding, and the other was that the technical conditions were insufficient.
The first 12,000 meters of the Kola ultra-deep drill were achieved in 1983, which took almost 13 years, while the last 262 meters were completed in the decade that followed.
Using CT technology, you can know the condition in your head without opening your skull. By measuring the propagation of different types of seismic waves in the earth's interior, scientists have also roughly understood the state of the earth's interior and found that the earth can be divided into three layers from the inside to the outside: the core, the mantle and the crust. The earth's crust is as thin as an egg shell, with an average thickness of about 35 km. At present, all human drilling works only occur in the upper part of the Earth's crust.
Anyone who has studied geography knows that the higher the temperature is the further you go underground, the magma overflows from the asthenosphere at the top of the mantle, where the temperature at the center of the earth is even higher than the temperature on the surface of the sun.
At that time, researchers working on the Kola Peninsula used special drill bits that could withstand temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Further down, the temperature will be higher, and with the technology of the time, there is no drill bit that can meet the higher temperature demand. Moreover, a very thick part of the earth's crust is rock in a molten state, and the holes that have just been drilled will soon be filled with lava around them.
Some people want to dig the earth through and go straight to the center of the earth, so it is impossible to do this.
Although this drilling mission is relatively expensive, it also has many discoveries, but it is not as described in the literature of the ground stall, it finds a lot of strange things, but increases human cognition of the earth's interior.
For example, when the drilling depth reached 9500 meters, a formation rich in gold was found, and after analysis of the core of the formation, the gold content was found to be as high as 80 grams per ton.
Gold is a precious metal that is not only valuable, but also versatile. The gold content of the gold ore layer in the Earth's surface layer rarely exceeds 10 grams per ton, and generally reaches 4 grams per ton. According to relevant theories, the reason why the gold content in the earth's interior is so high is because the proportion of gold is relatively large, and at the beginning of the formation of the earth, most of the gold elements settled into the earth's interior. Although the gold content of the rocks in the earth's interior is very high, it is completely unnecessary to mine, because the cost of mining at a depth of 10,000 meters underground is far greater than the value contained in gold itself.
WeChat public account: scientific exploration of bacteria