Today, 1961
27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
Take to space aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft
The feat of humanity's first flight into space was achieved
Later, this day of the year was set as
International Day of Manned Space Flight
Also known as World Space Day
61 years have passed
Humanity on the journey to explore space
Constantly setting new records
Today, let's take a look
Those "firsts" in the history of spaceflight
The world's first man into space
Yuri Gagarin
At 9:07 a.m. Moscow time on April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard the Vostok-1 spacecraft, circled the earth in an apogee of 301 kilometers, lasted 1 hour and 48 minutes, returned safely at 10:55 a.m., landed in the Smelovka village area of Saratov Oblast, completed the world's first manned space flight, and realized the wish of mankind to enter space.
The United States was the first man to land in space
Alain Shepard
At 10:34 a.m. on May 5, 1961, 37-year-old Lieutenant Colonel Alain Shepard took to the skies on the Freedom 7 spacecraft carried on a redstone rocket for a 15-minute flight in space 115 miles above the ground, making him the first American to go into space. During the flight, he shouted in surprise: "What a beautiful view!" "Everything works fine."
The world's first female astronaut
Valentina V. Tereshkova
On June 16, 1963, Valentina V. Tereshkova successfully lifted off aboard the Vostok 6 spacecraft, and during the space flight lasting 70 hours and 50 minutes, Tereshkova tried her best to overcome many problems such as physical discomfort, equipment failure, psychological stress, etc., and returned to earth without any danger after 48 circles around the earth, and is still the only woman in history to independently pilot a spacecraft to lift off, and has set up an eternal milestone in the journey of human exploration of the universe.
The first person to walk in space
Alexei Leonov
On March 18, 1965, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov achieved a 12-minute spacewalk during the spaceflight of the Ascend 2 spacecraft, the first astronaut in history to perform a spacewalk, and was twice awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union".
The first victim
Vladimir Komarov
On April 23, 1967, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, Colonel Vladimir Komarov, a famous Soviet cosmonaut, was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 3:35 a.m. Moscow time on the Soyuz 1 spacecraft. However, on the way back to the ground on the 24th, due to the parachute entanglement failure and crashed and killed, the Soviet hero also became the first astronaut to die in space flight.
Noboritsuki 1st person
Neil Alden Armstrong
On July 16, 1969, the American Apollo 11 spacecraft left Earth and flew to the moon. On July 20, at 10:56 p.m. Eastern Time, astronaut Armstrong drilled out of the lunar module and stepped on the moon, becoming the world's first person to land on the moon.
China was the first person to enter space
Yang Liwei
At 9 o'clock on October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei entered space for the first time aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft carried by the Long March 2F rocket. During the 21-hour and 23-minute space tour, Yang Liwei successfully completed the first manned space flight on the mainland. Since then, China has become the third country in the world to be able to independently carry out manned space activities.
The first person in China to walk in space
Zhai Zhigang
At 21:10 on September 25, 2008, Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng piloted the Shenzhou 7 manned spacecraft to carry out the mainland's first space outgoing space capsule mission, and at 16:41 on September 27, Zhai Zhigang opened the door of the Shenzhou 7 airlock capsule, taking the first step in space Chinese, letting the five-star red flag fly in space!
China's first female astronaut
Liu Yang
In 2012, Liu Yang, who flew the Shenzhou 9 mission, became the first female astronaut on the mainland to travel to space, and she lived in space for about two weeks.
China's First "Space Teacher"
Wang Yaping
At 10:00 a.m. on June 20, 2013, Wang Yaping, astronaut of the Shenzhou 10 mission, taught students on the ground in space, becoming the first "space teacher" on the mainland.
In addition to these "first people"
And these "firsts"
You should know
The first creature to go into space
Stray dog "Lycra"
As we all know, Soviet cosmonaut Gagarin was the first person to enter space, but he did not know that the first earth creature to enter space - a stray dog named "Laika", which was launched by the Soviet space vehicle Spock II at 10:28 a.m. local time on November 3, 1957, but became a "fire dog" a few hours later due to poor insulation in the space suit. Its body is still stuck in Earth orbit with the space capsule of the year.
Mankind's first space station
Salyut 1
The Salyut 1 space station, the first soviet space station and the first in human history, was launched on April 19, 1971. The Soviets had wanted to transport astronauts into Salyut 1 through Soyuz 10, but Due to the problem of berthing parts, Soyuz 10 was not successful. Subsequently, the Soviet Union sent a second spaceship, Soyuz 11, to dock with the space station, and the astronauts stayed inside the space station for 23 days. Unfortunately, when Soyuz 11 returned to Earth, the equalizing pressure equalization valve of the return capsule was opened prematurely, and 3 astronauts were killed.
The first one was taken from the moon
Earth illumination
On August 23, 1966, NASA's Lunar Orbiter 1 took a picture of Mother Earth 380,000 kilometers from Earth. This is the first hometown photo taken by a human vehicle entering the orbit of the moon.
The first probe to land on Mars
Mars 3
In 1971, the Soviet Union launched three probes to Mars. Mars 3 successfully landed on Mars on December 2, 1971, becoming the first probe ever to successfully land on the surface of Mars. But because of the same Martian sandstorm, he only worked on Mars for about 20 seconds, and lost contact without even sending back a complete photo.
The first probe to land on the far side of the moon
Chang'e 4
On December 8, 2018, the Chang'e-4 probe lifted off at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, taking a solid step towards human exploration of the far side of the moon. After a long flight of about 380,000 kilometers and 26 days, on January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 entered a lunar preparation orbit 15 kilometers above the lunar surface. At 11:40 a.m., the Chang'e-4 lander took an image of the moon's back and transmitted it back to the ground.
China's first artificial satellite
Dongfang Red No. 1
The Dongfanghong-1 satellite was pre-researched in 1958, officially began development in 1965, and was successfully launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on April 24, 1970. The Dongfanghong-1 satellite weighs 173 kg and is delivered by the Long March 1 carrier rocket into an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 441 km, an apogee of 2368 km and an inclination of 68.44 degrees. The satellite carried out orbital monitoring and control and the broadcast of the music of "Dongfang Hong". The Dongfanghong-1 satellite worked for 28 days (20 days in its design life) and stopped transmitting signals on May 14. At present, the Dongfanghong-1 satellite is still operating in space orbit.
April 24 every year is China Space Day
Follow us