Etiquette, righteousness, honesty, shame, filial piety, compassion, loyalty, and faith are the "eight ends" of man, and if you forget these eight words, you are forgetting eight. And people are more familiar with the "four ends" of people, is loyalty and filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, because the word loyalty can contain faith, righteousness has shame, and filial piety covers compassion. Looking at the Three Kingdoms, we can say that Cao Cao Liu Bei Lübu was disloyal, unkind and unjust, but he could not accuse them of filial piety. In fact, in the history of the canon, there is only one person who has taken advantage of the four evil deeds of disloyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and injustice, but this person, who has not only been glorified as the top hero of the Three Kingdoms, but also has a group of fans, and if someone points out the truth, it will attract many rebuttals.
Realistically speaking, it is really difficult to find who is the loyal subject of the Great Han Dynasty, and even Lu Sulu Zijing, who is "rotten and loyal and useless" in people's impressions, has no loyalty to the Great Han Tianzi at all, that is, he was the first to put forward the argument that "the Great Han cannot be revived", and formulated a strategic plan for Sun Quan to have one of the three worlds, and then won the strategic plan of Zhongyuan Jian's claim to be the emperor.
Under the tutelage of Uncle Zhang Zhao (one year younger than Sun Jian) and Elder Brother Lu Su (ten years older than Sun Quan), Sun Quan did not send a single or two pieces of gold to Liu Xie, the son of the Great Han Dynasty, because he did not take Liu Xie seriously at all. Sun Quan's small goal was to stand on three feet with Cao Cao's Liu Biao, and the big goal was to take Liu Xie after overthrowing Cao Cao, and the emperor took turns to come to my house next year.
Cao Cao had some loyalty to the Great Han Tianzi at first, but the official had a long temper, and even the civilian and military generals under him were not allowed to continue to be loyal to the Great Han Tianzi: The brothers pinned their heads on their belts to fight with you in the world, or did they want to be a founding father?
Cao Cao did not slaughter the city less (Cao Jun slaughtered the most cities), and also unjustly killed Cui Yan and killed Xun Yu, and even destroyed Lü Bo's luxury, so as a generation of tyrants, asking Cao Cao to teach benevolence and righteousness seems to be a harsh demand. If Cao Cao really was "great benevolence and righteousness", his bones would have been taken by Yuan Shao to beat the drum long ago.
We can't say that Cao Cao is not filial piety, because after he has a solid base, he must pick up his father Cao Song to enjoy the blessings at the first time. Unfortunately, Cao Song's life was shallow, and he was killed by Xuzhou Mu Taoqian's men and hacked to death in the toilet. Although in Cao Song's eyes, Ah Qi was a bear child, cao Song was still very pleased to know that this stupid boy who had once stolen other people's brides had laid a great foundation.
Liu Bei's parents died early, just as the so-called tree wants to be quiet and the wind is not stopping, and the son wants to raise and not to wait. To say that Liu Bei is not filial piety is also groundless. Similarly, to say that Liu Bei was loyal to Liu Xie, the Son of the Great Han Dynasty, was also a little difficult to convince the public, because giving a memorial service to Liu Xie, the Duke of Huoshanyang, and hastening to claim the title of emperor, did not show Liu Bei's loyalty. With Liu Bei's great talent and military attainments, if he really could not find out that Liu Xie was still alive, then he would not be worthy of being called a hero of the world with Cao Cao.
In the same way, if Liu Bei sent his special forces Bai Xi to steal or rescue Liu Xie, Cao Pi would definitely turn a blind eye and even secretly help: "He has already given Jiangshan Zen to me with red mouth and white teeth, and it is useless to regret it, so it is no longer tight whether he is dead or alive, you take him away, I also saved ten thousand fiefdoms!" At this time, Liu Xie had become a hot potato, and Liu Bei would not take the chestnut in the fire: "Take Liu Xie to Xichuan and make him the Emperor Taishang?" ”
Liu Beiren or unkind, we don't need to discuss, the conventional things or do not break the good. As for the righteous characters, they really have little to do with Liu Bei, and he may have been "righteous although the emperor and his subjects are like fathers and sons" to Guan Yu Zhang, but he sought Liu Zhang's Yizhou, but he did not talk about the brotherhood of the same sect, and even Pang Tong, who vigorously encouraged him to take Yizhou, could not see it: "The country of the people is happy, and the soldiers of the non-benevolent are also." ”
As for Lü Bu, it seems a little inaccurate to say that he was a "family slave with three surnames"—in the novel, he had two dry fathers, but there is really no record of who his father was in the main history. Ding Yuan Ding Jianyang and Dong Zhuo Dong Zhongying in the main history were not Lü Bu's fathers, and Lü Bu never changed his name and surname.
Although there is no pit father, but Lü Bu's character is despicable, there is no doubt, he will be unlucky who he turns to, even Liu Bei's "prince broom star" accepted Lü Bu, but he was also killed. If nothing else, just by virtue of Lü Bu's "betrayal of his wife and love for the wives of the generals", he can make people who like Lü Bu pinch a cold sweat: Is this surname Lü or is it surnamed Wang?
In the era of emperors, the eight qualities of man were based on filial piety. Therefore, the emperor's title of the Han Dynasty basically had to add a filial piety character, and the Han Dynasty's killing of brothers and brothers forcing their fathers rarely happened, which was incomparable to the Tang Dynasty.
When Emperor Taizong of Tang died, Li Shimin was given the title of Emperor Wen of the Temple of Taizong, and his son Emperor Gaozong of Tang added the word "Emperor Wenwu Sheng" to his nickname, "Emperor Wenwu Sheng", until the thirteenth year of Tang Xuanzong Tianbao, the matter of Xuanwu Gate was gradually forgotten, and his great-grandson Li Longji added a "filial piety" to his nickname, called "Emperor Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiaoxiao". The same Li Longji, when Tianbao was in the eighth year, did not dare to give Li Shimin the title of "filial piety", and at that time Li Shimin's nickname was "Emperor Wenwu Dasheng".
Cao Cao killed Kong Rong, whether it was fabricated or not, anyway, the crime he was convicted of was filial piety, and the evidence is what Kong Rong said about his parents' three roads, we will not quote them here.
Kong Rong filial piety and no filial piety, Lü Bu pit is not a dry father, which is not recorded in the main history. However, when we looked through the history of the Three Kingdoms, we really found a tyrant of the Three Kingdoms who was unfaithful, filial piety, and unkind, and this person's filial piety was recognized at that time. This disloyalty, filial piety, unkindness, and injustice are all evils, that is, the "Jinma Chao" who is exaggerated by the novel and is sought after by many people.
Ma Chao is not loyal to the Great Han Tianzi Liu Xie, this can not care about him, because in Ma Chao's era, there were fewer loyal subjects than dinosaurs, as the son of the warlord Ma Teng, Ma Chao wanted to let his father win the world, it was not wrong. But Ma Chao seems to only want to dominate himself, and has no intention of letting Old Daddy Ma Teng ascend the throne, and from the time point of view, Ma Chao is really pitting his father Ma Teng. Even the father can pit the dead, and ask him to preach benevolence, which is equivalent to driving ducks to the shelf.
On the question of whether Ma Chao was benevolent or not, Jiang Su's old mother and Yin Fengzhao Ang's family, who were killed by Ma Chao, and Peng Xian, who was sold by Ma Chao and killed by Liu Bei, had the most say.
During the Three Kingdoms period, disloyal and unkind people abounded, and it seems a bit excessive to say that Ma Chao was not a good person. But the pit dead father who really saw the history of zhengyi was really Ma Chao.
The reason why Ma Chao was written as a first-class hero of the Three Kingdoms by the novel is also understandable: this person finally defected to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei is the "righteous party", if Ma Chao is written as unfaithful, filial piety, unkind and unjust, wouldn't he smear Liu Bei's white face?
Zhengshi is different from Yanyi, and even such historical books as the Book of later Han and the Zizhi Tongjian say in unison that Ma Chaokeng died his father--Fan Ye, Sima Guang, and Cao Cao had no dime relationship, and there was no need to belittle Ma Chao.
According to the Book of Later Han and the Zizhi Tongjian, the origin of the matter is this: Ma Teng, when he was old and tired of fighting and killing with Han Sui, accepted Cao Cao's invitation and ran to the capital to become a guard lieutenant of one of the Nine Qings.
Just after three years of Ma Teng's stable life in the capital, Ma Chao took the people and horses left by Ma Teng and rebelled with Han Sui - this also blamed Ma Teng: When you enter Beijing as an official, you should take Ma Chao Pound with you, Ma Mengqi may not be your eldest son, but after all, he is also your son. Ma Xiu became the lieutenant of Fengche, and Ma Tie became the lieutenant of the riding capital, eating six hundred stones of imperial grain, and living happily in the capital, why should the unruly Ma Chao stay in Xiliang to eat sand and drink cold water?
Ma Teng's arrangement may be to leave a back road for himself, but he did not expect that the back road was left, and the cigarette was cut off: "In March of the sixteenth year of Jian'an, Ma Chao, Han Sui and other ten departments were opposed, and their hundreds of thousands were tuned to Tongguan... In September, Cao Cao fought with Han Sui and Ma Chao at Weinan, and sui and others were defeated, and Guan Xiping was defeated. In the summer of the seventeenth year of Jian'an, in May, Yan Wei, Ma Teng, and Yi San. ”
According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty and the Zizhi Tongjian Volume 66, ma chao rebelled first, and then the three tribes of Ma Teng were condemned. Regardless of whether Ma Chao's reason for starting the army was "justified", he did not inform Ma Teng to withdraw from the capital in advance, but this was a fact.
In fact, Ma Chao can also use another method: let Ma Teng first report Ma Chao to Cao Cao or Emperor Xian of Han for rebellion, and openly "sever ties", so that "the leader is not guilty", and the three ethnic groups of the Ma family will be saved. Unfortunately, until Ma Chao killed the Han army led by Cao Cao at Tongguan, Ma Teng was still at a loss, and did not even talk about the military strategy.
Ma Chao pit death father, this has been familiar with the Three Kingdoms historical materials rather than the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" people agreed, as for the few with their eyes open, thinking that Ma Chao is a hero, we do not argue with them, because everyone reads different books, if you only look at the yanyi novel, Ma Chao is really a filial piety to avenge his father.
Now what some people think we have no right to ask, but in the post-Han Three Kingdoms period, Ma Chao was very unpopular, and a sentence under Zhang Lu represented the thoughts of most people at that time: "If you don't love his relatives, can you love people?" This sentence is replaced by a big vernacular: even his own father and brother can pit to death, who else can he be good to?