After watching the Water Margin, you will find that good men often say that they want to drink from a "big bowl", and it seems that only a big bowl of drinking can show their arrogance and extraordinaryness. For example, before Wu Song fought the tiger, he drank fifteen bowls of wine in Jingyang Gang; Lu Zhishen made a big fuss about Wutai Mountain, also because he was drunk; before Lin Chong went to Liangshan, he even beat away chai's customers because he wanted to drink; it was Chao Gai, Wu Yong, and others who outwitted the birthday class, thanks to Bai Sheng's barrel of liquor.
Compared with drinking, drinking tea seems to be crepe.
However, there are also many plots about tea in the Water Margin, such as Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen's first meeting, that is, drinking tea in the tea house; before He Tao captured Chao Gai, he first met with Song Jiang in the tea house and ate a bubble tea himself; Ximen Qing hooked up with Pan Jinlian, also in the tea house of the princess; Song Jiang, Chai Jin and others went to Tokyo, hoping to complete the zhao an affair through Master Li, and also went to the tea house to drink tea.
Interestingly, in the Water Margin, for the shopkeeper in the tea house, he is always called "Dr. Tea". Obviously it is the shop small two, why is it called "Tea Doctor"? How are "tea" and "doctor" linked?
First of all, the origin and original meaning of "Doctor"
To say "doctor", you have to say "taxi". "Shi" was originally an aristocratic class in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and later, "Shi" gradually became a collective term for students or cultural people in the ruling class. And "Bo" has the meaning of being knowledgeable and learning from five cars, so the original meaning of "doctor" is "erudite person".
During the Warring States period, due to the disputes between the various countries, everyone hoped to recruit the world's erudite people to give advice and suggestions for their own country, so as to achieve the purpose of enriching the country and strengthening the army and annexing the masses. On this basis, therefore, the princely states of Song, Lu, and Wei have set up the post of "doctor".
Dr. Lu is also a public servant, with Gao Di as Lu Xiang. - "The Chronicle of History"
In fact, during the Warring States period, the earliest doctor was called "Doctor Of Sake". Because those who can be elected are all elderly people with high moral standing, they must first take up wine and sprinkle it on the ground during the sacrifice, so they are called "Doctor of Sacrifice Wine".
During the Warring States period, in addition to Dr. Lu Guo's GongYi Xiu, there was also Dr. Qi Guo Chun Yuyue. After Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, Chun Yuyue continued to work as a doctor in the Qin Dynasty. By the way, it was during the Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang who officially positioned the doctor as an official. That is to say, in the Qin Dynasty, the "doctor" had an official and could enjoy the imperial court's Feng Lu.
Dr. Qin Guan, the blogger of ancient and modern times; the scholar has debated whether it is true or not. - "Han Guanyi"
When Chun Yu became a doctor, he also suggested to Qin Shi Huang that he restore the previous sub-sealing system. Although Qin Shi Huang did not adopt it, it can be seen that the "doctor" of the Qin Dynasty was indeed an official position, and the person who served as a "doctor" was equivalent to the emperor's adviser, who could make suggestions to the emperor and be prepared to answer the emperor's questions. In short, the "doctors" of the Qin Dynasty should be able to "have doubts about the state and ask the right questions." Obviously, "doctor" is not so easy to be, and people who are not full of learning can't do it at all.
The Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, so the doctor also inherited it, but it was not exactly the same as the Qin Dynasty.
Secondly, the transformation of doctors from "erudite people" to "fine ones"
In fact, the doctors of the Han Dynasty were very complicated. For example, during the time of Emperor Wen of Han, the "doctor" could discuss with the chancellor, the marquis, and so on about governing the people of the world; during the time of the Han Jing Emperor, the "doctor" was abolished; during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the doctor was also responsible for the matter of filial piety; and the "doctor" of the Eastern Han Dynasty was responsible for both the ritual sacrifice and the search for folk customs.
However, the next thing is to talk about the change of doctor's meaning.
As we all know, Emperor Wu of han took Dong Zhongshu's advice and "deposed hundreds of families and respected Confucianism alone." Later, Emperor Wu of Han listened to Gongsun Hong's words and set up the "Doctor of the Five Classics". Classics originally included the doctrines and essentials of the pre-Qin schools, but because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, scripture became a discipline that only explained Confucian classics. The "Five Classics" mentioned here are the five classics of "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Yi", and "Spring and Autumn".
Later generations called the "Four Books and Five Classics", of which the "Five Classics" are these five scriptures. In fact, there were originally six, but the Book of Music was scattered.
From today's point of view, there were not many readers at that time, the level of education was generally not high, and it was not easy for the "Doctor of the Five Classics" to study a book thoroughly. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stipulated that fifty disciples of the doctor should be taken and let them follow the doctor to study the Five Classics, and those who were proficient in more than one sutra could be awarded the official position of "doctor".
At this point, "doctor" has changed from "erudite" to another meaning, that is, "a person who is proficient in one aspect", that is, a person who is proficient in one aspect. This shows that a doctor does not have to be erudite, and people who are deeply involved in a certain field or proficient in one aspect can also be called doctors.
Strictly speaking, this transformation is a disparagement of the doctor's intention. But in any case, this meaning has been passed down ever since.
Third, the inheritance of the "doctor" is transformed and degraded again
At first, as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stipulated, those who were proficient in the First Classic and above could also become "doctors". During the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, in addition to inheriting the duties of the Two Han Dynasties, the scope of the people referred to by the doctor was also getting larger and larger, even if he was not an official, he could also be called a "doctor".
During the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the prevalence of calligraphy, Sima Yan, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, set up a "Doctor of Calligraphy"; during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Doctor of Law" and "Doctor of Medicine" appeared successively; during the Sui Dynasty, there was also a "Doctor of Arithmetic". While the "doctor" is flooded, it can also reflect that the "doctor" is becoming less and less knowledgeable, as long as he is proficient in one aspect, he is enough to be a doctor.
Wang Yuanjing is a doctor of Er, and er is taught by Yuanjing. - "History of the North"
Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi once wanted to kill Wang Xin, and Yang Yan interceded for him, and Emperor Wenxuan said: Wang Yuanjing is your teacher, and you taught you these words.
In fact, as early as the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the doctor had the meaning of a teacher, after all, he wanted to teach fifty students the Five Classics, but when it came to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, this meaning was more obvious.
In addition, Yan Zhitui said such a story in the "Yan Family Training":
The doctor bought a donkey, book coupons three papers, no donkey word.
This means that a doctor bought a donkey in Yecheng and ended up writing three pages of credentials without mentioning a single word for "donkey." Yan Zhitui said this story, the original intention is to warn people, do not learn those stupid doctors, just show off their knowledge, the result is not the point, a simple thing can not be done well. But since then, the doctor has vaguely become a derogatory term, seemingly "pedantic person" and "acid show talent".
As a result, the doctor suddenly "dropped the price", no longer a kind of honor, but became a kind of irony.
Finally, the "doctors" of the Tang and Song dynasties
Since the doctor has the meaning of "master" and "jingyi person", as long as there is a craft, or a teacher father, it can be called "doctor".
The one who draws mud can be called "Dr. Mud"; the one who strikes iron can be called "Dr. Iron"; the one who cuts wood is called "Dr. Wood". In short, the high-level craftsmen, entertainers, or teachers and fathers who start classes and apprentices can be called "doctors". In this case, "doctor" has actually become synonymous with "teacher", "master" and "artist".
Of course, there are also many doctors who hold official positions, such as doctors of veterinary medicine, doctors of tai doctors in tai hospitals, and "doctors of needles" and "doctors of massage" under them.
In particular, tea was popular in the Tang Dynasty, and China's first "Tea Classic" on tea knowledge was written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty. In the Water Margin, the "Tea Doctor" that appeared at least 15 times appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
Imperial Master Li Xiuqing announced that Jiangnan, Lu Yu came to see, wild clothes, with the tea set, hand cooking tea, mouth through the name of the tea. After the tea strike, Li Gong ordered the slave to take thirty yuan and pay the tea doctor. - "Feng's Smell and Seeing"
From the Tang Dynasty's "Fengshi Smell and Seeing Record", it can be found that "Dr. Tea" had already appeared at that time. At that time, the rich would also call the people who specialized in making tea for people "Dr. Tea".
Rich family banquets, there are people who specialize in tea affairs, called dr. tea. —— Tang Dynasty "West Lake Zhiyu"?
That is to say, since the Tang Dynasty, the people in charge of tea affairs have been collectively referred to as "Tea Doctors". In the tea house, the shop small two also have to serve tea for the guests to pour tea, so it is also called "Tea Doctor". By the way, along with the spread, there are also "Dr. Wine" and so on.
References: "Water Margin", "Ancient Chinese Doctoral Examination", "Doctoral Rheology Examination Interpretation before the Song Dynasty", "Fengshi Smell and Seeing" and so on.