Every summer, everyone's biggest concern is how to escape the heat. After all, the summer temperature is too high, and the heat is a bit unbearable. For example, this summer, the highest temperature in many countries broke through the historical record, and many people did not dare to go out easily. Fortunately, there are many modern ways to escape the summer, such as iced watermelon is the first choice for many people, and there are many iced drinks. In addition to cooling down by eating, there are also fans, air conditioners, swimming and other ways to cool down. Although the weather is hot, due to the improvement of living conditions now, it is not a problem to escape the heat. However, the ancients did not have such good conditions to escape the summer, and today we look at how to avoid the heat when the ancient summer was hot. Just look at the year 1743, because according to the historical records, it was very hot.
1743 was the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty of China, when it was the eighth year of Qianlong. This summer, the fame is very large, many history books have clearly recorded the high temperature that summer. To put it simply, the high temperature of that year was unbearable even for Qianlong, as emperor, let alone ordinary people. Let's take a look at how hot the weather was at that time.
According to the data recorded in the Beijing Meteorological Chronicle, from July 20 to 25, 1743, in just 6 days, the average temperature was basically 44 degrees. According to the current high temperature warning, if the temperature reaches more than 40 degrees Celsius for three consecutive days, a high temperature red warning can be issued. In other words, they have reached the highest level of high temperature warning. On July 25, the average temperature in Beijing reached 44.4 degrees, which can be said to be very rare.
In this kind of weather, the idiom of extreme heat is indescribable. Of course, many people may still not be clear about what the concept of 44 degrees is. Under normal conditions, the highest temperature in Beijing averages about 38 degrees. That is to say, the maximum temperature of that year was 6 degrees higher than usual, which is really fatal for many people. At that time, it was not only the common people who felt the heat, even the Qianlong Emperor could not stand it. The Qianlong Emperor wrote a poem at that time: "Ice plate and snow, the cold light." Tossing and turning, the heart is next to Qianli. "The general meaning of this poem is that I am in the palace, what kind of summer tools are available, the conditions are very good, so I still feel hot." I don't know how ordinary people are doing.
As an emperor, the Qianlong Emperor did have many ways to escape the summer. For example, the rooms where the emperor lived were specially designed, generally warm in winter and summer. In this way, the temperature in the house in the summer is much lower than outside; secondly, there are many trees and rivers in the palace, which can play a cooling role; in addition to the good hardware facilities, there are many ice cubes in the palace, so that you can make ice drinks and snacks, and you can also cool down; the fourth is that in ancient times, there was something similar to air conditioning called ice, which put ice cubes inside, so that there will be cold air blowing out, not only as a refrigerator, but also as an air conditioner; finally, the emperor can not go anywhere in the house. If you exercise less, you won't feel too hot. Moreover, there were a large number of palace eunuchs around the emperor, and many people fanned him; of course, if this did not work, the emperor could also leave the palace and go to other places to escape the summer, such as the summer resort built by the emperor, which was allowed.
In general, as an emperor, even if it is hot, the emperor has a solution. However, this is the solution of the emperor when facing the high temperature, the emperor is the king of a country, has the supreme emperor, so how to avoid the summer as you want, after all, the conditions allow. So as ordinary people, how do you solve it in the face of high temperatures?
The fact that ordinary people face the heat does not mean that there is no way, the people also have their own solutions. And the ancient people's solution is really more environmentally friendly than now, let's see how the ancients avoided the heat.
First of all, the ancients could go to some relatively cool places, which were similar to the emperor's going to the summer resort. Nowadays, people often do this, you can go to Sanya when it is cold, and you can go to some places in the northeast, Yunnan and Guizhou when it is hot. Of course, the traffic conditions in ancient times were not as good as they are now, and the ancients could not have run so far. Generally speaking, in ancient times, some people went to the mountains more, and the mountains were relatively cool. Moreover, there are temples, Taoist temples and the like on the mountain, and life is still relatively convenient. Even if they go far away, the ancients will not go too far, not only the conditions do not allow it, but also the government does not allow it. So it's all about going to some relatives and friends nearby.
Secondly, I carefully modified my home to make it relatively cool, which is used more. For example, build a pool at home, the water can play a role in cooling, so it will also feel more comfortable. There are also some rooms that can be specially modified and can also achieve the effect of cooling. Of course, some people dig some rooms in their homes or in the nearby mountains to come out, and in the summer the family can live in them. It was definitely cooler inside the cave than outside. These ancients can still be done, after all, ancient architecture is still relatively developed.
The third is to wear some breathable clothes. Many people think that the ancients wore coarse clothes and linen, in fact, the ancient textile is still relatively developed. Satin, linen, yarn and the like can be said to be everything. The history books record that during the Tang Dynasty, some people wore seven or eight pieces of clothing, and others could see the moles on their shoulders, which was enough to show that the clothes at that time were still relatively thin. This thin clothing, breathability is very good, summer wear will indeed be more comfortable.
Finally, it is time to use tools to cool down. In the way the emperor cooled down, there was the ice book, which was a tool that many people had. You can put some ice cubes in it; if you don't have an ice cube, you can sometimes buy some cold drinks, which were also available in ancient times. During the Song Dynasty, there were often ice cubes sold in the streets and alleys, and it was still very convenient for the people to eat; of course, there was another tool that was very common, that is, the fan, which was very economical, and many people still used it.
This is the way the ancient people escaped from the summer, and there are indeed many ways to tell the truth. And compared with now, it is also much more environmentally friendly, but also much more luxurious. Whether it's going to other places to escape the heat, digging a cave, wearing thin clothes, or using ice, the average family can't do it. These can be said to be the privileges of the rich in ancient times. Based on the family situation of ordinary people, the most used way to escape the summer is estimated to be a fan. However, the role of the fan is not particularly large. It is also in this way that once the ancient heat was encountered, it was really very deadly for ordinary people. The high temperatures of 1743 are prime examples.
When I first entered the sixth month of the lunar calendar in 1743, the history books said that "on the first day of June, the capital is facing a scorching heat." "This sweltering heat is really not as simple as talking about it. As mentioned earlier, the average temperature is as high as 44 degrees Celsius. Fever deaths are common in Beijing, and according to statistics, about 14,000 people in and around Beijing have died of extreme heat. This is only the Beijing area, and the situation in other areas is even more tragic. It is important to know that high temperatures bring not only heat, but also drought. For predominantly agricultural societies, drought is a deadly presence. In April and May, there was drought in Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and other places, and many places had no harvest. A widespread drought throughout northern China, coupled with the high temperatures in June, countless people died in this natural disaster.
When Qianlong discovered the high temperature conditions in various places, he felt that his work was not done well and began to make accusations against himself. The general content of the Edict of Sin is: "Since the beginning of may, the Imperial Guard. The weather is harsh. And steaming in the heat. Worse than in previous years. The details are raised in the heavens to show their signs. The night is sad. Don't be lost. All lost because of the decay. or the inadequacy of the employment of personnel and administration. "The ancients paid attention to the unity of heaven and man, believing that natural disasters were punishments from heaven for the transgressions of their own rule. The ruler must have done something wrong, so the heavens sent a punishment reminder, so that the ruler should be more diligent and love the people. Although Qianlong issued a decree against himself, the high temperature disaster did not disappear because of his own edict. Many of the affected people remain homeless.
This was the heat of 1743. Although there were many ways to escape the summer in ancient times, the vast majority of people could not afford to use them. Therefore, the ancient people faced the high temperature, there was really no good way. Think about it now, or now it's comfortable. Although there will still be high temperature weather, there are too many ways to avoid the heat now, and the people can still do a good job of heat protection. The impact of the high temperature on us has also been minimized.
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