The story of Chongzhen asking for money to raise military salaries is very widespread, thinking that when Li Zicheng's army came to the city, the Chongzhen Emperor was anxious like ants on a hot pot, look at the inner treasury, and there is a little silver to save his life, look at the national treasury, the rats can not be hungry, look at the city wall defenders, torn clothes, are about to catch up with the beggars.
Helpless, sad, so he hit the idea to His Highness the minister and the relatives of the emperor and the state, a meeting of the dynasty, begging the father to tell the grandmother, all the ministers did not put one, countless pleading, Chongzhen became the most like emperor in Chinese history as a beggar.
(The Chongzhen Emperor who lived as a beggar)
Let's look at the sad story of donations.
At that time, the civil official representative: Mr. Wei Zaode, the first assistant of the Daming Cabinet, only donated 500 taels, perhaps he knew that the company was about to go bankrupt, all the investment was unrewarding, and he was ready to change his family.
At that time, the eunuch was the richest man, and the eunuch was considered a rich man, and he only donated 10,000 taels. But it's much better than a civilian.
Seeing that the ministers of the Inner and Outer Dynasties were not forceful, Chongzhen was also mad, so he was like a relative reaching out, how to say that it was a relative.
First of all, he found his old father-in-law, hoping that he would take the lead in setting an example, how to donate 100,000 taels out, but this strange father-in-law, that is a performance artist, cried and shouted that there was no money, and finally only donated 10,000 taels.
(Civil officials and eunuchs said they had no money)
Other relatives looked at it, this is not a good thing, so the eight immortals crossed the sea, each show means, some sold the house on the house to paste "this house urgent sale" and some sold coffins on the coffin to paste "sell the coffin to save the country" for a while it was really ugly.
The only thing that made Chongzhen happy was an old man in his sixties, who came to the household department in tears and donated the 400 taels of silver he had accumulated in his life, and the Chongzhen Emperor was moved, so he almost did not hold a headache and cry, so he did not say a word, and casually rewarded a Jinyi guard with an official position.
It is said that this official did not serve for a few days, the city of Beijing was broken, this old man was also tough, guarding this thousand household official positions to commit suicide, even if it is loyal to the country, others should not mention it, when Chongzhen begged, it was not a single son, and finally Li Zicheng came, lined up to surrender, a whip, multiple rounds of torture.
The same group of people, at once Barabala, came up with 70 million taels of silver.
Hey, the Chongzhen Emperor begged for really little target, only 1 million silver, this 70 million is enough to solve 70 crises, stunned that no one gave. In the end, people have no money, really deserve it, these people deserve to die...
(Li Zicheng, who is exempt from endowment, looks at the fat sheep in the capital)
The above paragraph only tells you the background of the story, that is, the Ming Dynasty is poor, the poor can't open the pot, and finally the poor die.
So why not grin like China now, no money is not simple, the printing press is on, the currency opens the floodgates and releases water, printing a million children eight hundred billion, does not solve the problem?
Well, this is indeed a good idea, of course, it is limited to the current situation, but at that time, it was a fantasy, why is this actually to blame Chongzhen's ancestors, that is, the Ming Dynasty's founding father Comrade Zhu Baba (Zhu Yuanzhang)
To be clear, there is no paper money, there is no national bond
So did the Ming Dynasty have paper money? In fact, there are still some and not only the Ming Dynasty, China's use of paper money history can be described as very long, the earliest paper money was first created in the Tang Dynasty, in order to trade with the Western Regions, think about it, the Western Regions are so far away, are riding camels to do business, copper coins and gold coins are so heavy, it is too inconvenient to use. So the Tang Dynasty paper money "flying money" came into being.
(Chinese banknotes have a long history)
Since the Tang Dynasty, the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties have all begun to circulate and issue paper money.
Especially in the Song Dynasty, paper money developed to the peak of feudal society, when the Song Dynasty was very short of copper ore, the country did not have copper available for coinage, but the economic and trade development was very developed, it was the most historical, no money economy could not circulate, commerce could not develop, so it vigorously developed paper money "Jiaozi" was widely used. Not only used in the commercial field, but also in the economic war against the Liao and Jin countries (this is a relatively unpopular historical knowledge opportunity to say)
Then the Yuan and Ming Dynasties also had paper money. However, compared with the Yuan Dynasty, the service life of paper money in the Ming Dynasty can be described as very short.
The earliest Ming Dynasty paper money was issued by the Hongwu Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang established daming, on the basis of careful reference to the lessons learned from the previous generation of paper money, he issued paper money in the seventh year of Hongwu and officially printed the Daming treasure banknote, but no amount of lessons learned could save the fate of the Ming Dynasty paper money, and the Daming treasure banknote was abolished after only 60 years of circulation.
At that time, the copper coins minted by Zhu Yuanzhang were named Hongwu Tongbao, which were divided into five kinds: one coin (ten texts), two coins, three coins, five coins, and one or two (ten dollars or one hundred texts). Later, paper money was issued, named Daming Bao Banknote, which was divided into six types: consistent, five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, two hundred, and one hundred
He also specifically stipulated the exchange ratio: treasure banknotes are always equal to one or two silver coins, one thousand copper coins, and four treasure banknotes are equal to one or two gold.
(There was no paper money when Chongzhen was there)
According to this exchange standard, the private sector can exchange gold and silver with the government for treasure money, but the government does not use gold and silver to exchange treasure money with the people. In market transactions, only treasure banknotes and copper coins can be used, and gold and silver are not allowed.
In April of the 22nd year of Ming Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the printing of small-denomination treasure banknotes, ranging from ten to fifty, in order to supplement the shortage of copper coins. In August of the 27th year of Hongwu, he even ordered the direct prohibition of copper coins, forcing the private copper coins to be handed over to the government in exchange for paper money and small banknotes within half a month, and the circulating currency was completely paper money.
However, this order was not long maintained, and it could not be implemented at all, and the people still used paper money and copper coins until the Orthodox years when the Daming Bao banknotes withdrew from the currency market.
So why ming dynasty paper money will be completely abandoned by the market, let us return to the most simple monetary theory, that is, the simple equation proposed by economist David Hume: MV = PT
M (Money) represents the number of coins issued, that is, the amount of Bao banknotes issued, V (Velocity) represents the speed of currency circulation, but also the circulation speed of Bao banknotes, P (Price) represents the price of various periods of the Ming Dynasty, and T (Transaction) represents the total amount of commodity transactions in the Ming Dynasty.
According to the above equation, if V and T are unchanged, when M increases, P will increase.
Holding the mechanical relationship between M and P and ignoring other factors is contrary to the law of data formulas
However, the attitude of the Ming bureaucrats towards paper money is like this, they stabilize the value of banknotes to reduce M, increase the number of treasure banknotes issued, the Ming Dynasty government practice is deeply rooted in the essence of inflation, on the one hand, reduce the number of printing, the amount of delivery, on the other hand, expand the exchange ratio of treasure banknotes, tighten the amount of treasure banknotes issued. In the end, the strange result is that although the government strives to control and reduce the amount of bao banknotes issued, the bao banknotes continue to depreciate and irreparably depreciate, resulting in rising prices and falling banknote prices.
(The Paradox of the Ming Dynasty Economy)
In the face of the continuous depreciation of Bao banknotes, from Hongwu to orthodox years, the government has worked hard to control the issuance of Bao banknotes and expand the tax revenue of Bao banknotes to reduce the amount of circulation and increase the price of banknotes.
But no means can be reversed at all, and the strange law of paper money becoming less and less, and devaluing more and more.
Therefore, after a series of ideological struggles and listening to various voices of the people, the Ming government announced that it would abandon the circulation of paper money during the orthodox years, and the circulation of copper coins would be restored throughout the country, that is, the only monetary policy for the restoration of metal currency.
Another hundred and ten years have passed, and by the Chongzhen period, people have long forgotten that there is still paper money.
(No one is stupid, but they just don't care about the country)
You said that Chongzhen issued national currency bonds with paper money, and the people who were reluctant to even donate, you let them carry a pile of waste paper home, isn't it a joke?