Dyeing the main gate of the village (Courtesy of the Propaganda Department of the Zhenning Autonomous County CPC Committee)
Guizhou, 22 Dec (CNBC) -- A one-hour drive from the county seat of Ningbuyi and Miao Autonomous County in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, from a flat avenue to a winding mountain hardening road, can see in the distance the green tree-shrouded village at the foot of the green mountain, which was once the place where the anti-feudal and anti-oppression battles were vigorously carried out and the red place where the Red Army was heroically accepted.
The story of Liu Bocheng and Xiao Yedan, the leader of the Yi ethnic group in Sichuan, who formed an alliance in Daliangshan and borrowed the road to go north, has always been a good story in the history of the Red Army's Long March, but the first alliance with ethnic minorities in the Red Army's Long March was in Guizhou.
In April 1935, in the village of Nong dye, Lu Ruiguang, the leader of the Buyi nationality, and Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun, and Li Fuchun, leaders of the Red Third Army, signed the "Anti-Chiang Kai-shek Combat Agreement.", which is known in history as the "Nong Dye Alliance", which was the first political covenant signed with local ethnic minorities in the Long March of the Red Army, and was also one of the major events in the Red Army's united front policy of "winning over ethnic minorities".
Just over 600 days after allying with the Red Army, Lu Ruiguang died heroically in Guiyang, Guizhou, at the age of 36, ending his short career as a horseman, but leaving the seeds of revolution for the local people. Lu Ruiguang's story has to start from 1901.
Zi Cheng's father Zhi fired a gun of resistance
In October 1901, Lu Ruiguang was born in Zhenning Autonomous County, Andying Village, and his family was well-off. However, in the turbulent years of warlords and warlords, even the most abundant family foundation can not compete with the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes of the tiger and the shameless robbery of officials and soldiers.
In 1919, his father Lu Pinshan and eldest brother Lu Jiguang were killed by participating in the peasant armed rebellion organized by King Bizhen of Liuma, his father was arrested and died in prison, and his brother was shot and killed by the Kuomintang army on the edge of the Gelan River. This major incident was the fuse that ignited Lu Ruiguang's organization and supported the army against the reactionary authorities, and Lu Ruiguang, who was 18 years old at the time, took over the burden of his father and brother and took on the heavy responsibility of guarding the safety of his family and the people.
In 1921, the world was in a drought, prices soared, and the people in the Liuma area were miserable, but the warlords still entered the Liuma at will to rob and plunder, regardless of whether the people were dead or alive, Lu Ruiguang realized that repeated tolerance could not stop the warlord officers and soldiers from continuing to fish and flesh the people, and he could no longer stand the warlord's wanton trampling on the Liuma people, and finally fired the first shot of the anti-riot, beating the warlord soldiers who robbed the people's property and fleeing. Since then, the warlords no longer dare to enter the Liuma area to bully the people.
Lu Ruiguang Memorial Hall (Photo by Yang Yongjie, Yang Yongjie, CCTV)
After that, Lu Ruiguang united with the owners of 48 villages in the Liuma area to unite against the warlords. In order to standardize the behavior of the armed contingent, Lu Ruiguang also laid down "rules" that they must not rob merchants who come and go, and they must not bully the common people; in the Liuma area, if there are vicious cases of theft, robbery, and murder, Lu Ruiguang will personally investigate and severely punish them, and the poor people, no matter what ethnic group, can get Lu Ruiguang's help.
Lu Ruiguang's reputation gradually spread throughout the Liuma area, winning not only the support of the poor people, but also the respect of other peasant uprising teams, and they voluntarily joined Lu Ruiguang's ranks to fight against the warlords.
In 1922, Lu Ruiguang heard that the people of Ziyun had been oppressed by the local warlord leader and were miserable, so he gathered a team of 500 people to attack Ziyun and drive out the leader of the warlord regiment. His series of activities against the warlord government have unsettled the reactionary authorities in Guizhou, and Lu Ruiguang has become a major problem for the warlord government.
In 1924, the reactionary authorities carried out a "change of suppression" to a peasant rebel army such as Lu Ruiguang, Lu Ruiguang was entrusted with the commander of the security battalion, Lu Ruiguang believed that this was the warlord government's "compromise" with itself, lu Ruiguang, who nominally became the "battalion commander" of the Kuomintang, gladly took office, but became a pawn of the authorities to "clean up" the local armed forces, in 1924 and 1928, Lu Ruiguang was successively dispatched to Youyang, Sichuan and Pingba, Guizhou, to carry out the task of "suppressing bandits" and attacking the peasant armed forces who were born with him. These two actions caused Lu Ruiguang to be seriously injured, lose soldiers and horses, and almost hang his life on the line, and each time he had to go through several twists and turns before he escaped from danger.
Lu Ruiguang, who had exhausted the warlord government's policy of "recruiting security," gradually saw through the "trap" set by the reactionary authorities for the peasant rebel army, regained the gun of the uprising, gathered a thousand troops in the areas of Zhenning, Guanling, and Ziyun, and continued to rob the rich and help the poor in the green forest.
In April 1929, Lu Ruiguang led his troops to raid Zhenning City at night, confiscating all the property hidden by the rich in the Catholic Church, not only to replenish his own team, but also to the poor people in the county town. Because he dared to break into the church built by foreigners in China, his reputation has since been greatly enhanced, and he has become the head of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of the well-known peasant armed leaders at that time, Lu Yunqi, Zeng Yunqing, and Wang Yuxian.
Make an alliance and sign an anti-Chiang Kai-shek agreement
In April 1935, the Central Red Army crossed Chishui in four directions, crossed the Wujiang River in the south, pretended to attack Guiyang, and directly inserted into Yunnan, and the main force of the Red Army marched westward in two ways, entering the minority areas of Anshun, and entering the Liuma area was the Third Army of the Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as the commander of the army and Yang Shangkun as the political commissar.
If the Red Third Army wants to successfully implement the strategy of moving to Yunnan, it must quickly pass through the Liuma area to buy more time to seek fighters, and the regimental commander Peng Dehuai and the political commissar Yang Shangkun learned from the Anshun underground party that as long as lu Ruiguang's support is won, it will not only ensure the safe passage of the Red Army through the Liuma area, but also protect the people in the minority areas from the chaos of war.
Although Lu Ruiguang had heard of the Red Army, because he had been oppressed and fooled by the warlords of Guizhou for a long time, he did not dare to trust anyone easily, and when Peng Dehuai sent an advance agent to contact him, he hid in a cave, and after several twists and turns, Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun decided to personally go up the mountain to "meet" the "Heavenly King" for a while.
Lu Ruiguang disguised himself as an ordinary soldier and mixed into the ranks to greet the Red Army in order to act opportunistically, and the Red Army further dispelled Lu Ruiguang's doubts with strict discipline, a kind attitude, and strict implementation of the national policy. Lu Ruiguang, who had a straight personality, could not resist the guilt in his heart, stood up and revealed his identity, and welcomed the Red Army into the village.
After a long discussion with the leaders of the Red Army, Lu Ruiguang realized that the purpose of his uprising over the years was actually the same as the revolutionary ideals of the Red Army. Although Lu Ruiguang refused to join the Red Army, he expressed his willingness to continue the struggle against the Kuomintang in the local area.
The former site where Lu Ruiguang and the red army chief signed an anti-Chiang Kai-shek agreement (Photo by Yang Yongjie, Central Broadcasting Network)
On the evening of 16 April, Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun signed the "Agreement on Opposing The Harsh Taxes and Miscellaneous Taxes of Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jialie, and Yu Guocai" with Lu Ruiguang in the name of the Three Corps. Lu Ruiguang also took in 12 Wounded Red Army soldiers for treatment, and accepted 36 rifles and a red flag donated by the Red Army.
To this day, the Central Archives still maintains a telegram sent to the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Revolutionary Army on April 16 after Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun and Lu Ruiguang signed an anti-Chiang Kai-shek operational agreement. The contents of the telegram read: "For hundreds of miles in Shazigou, there are about a thousand Yi (Buyi) soldiers, there are divisions, regiments, battalions, and a leader named Lu Ruiguang; we have signed a combat agreement with them to oppose Chiang Kai-shek, Wang, and the Jewish Kuomintang and impose harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, leave a group of wounded and sick people, give away thirty-six rifles, and leave a group of workers." ”
During the period when the Third Army of the Central Red Army was transiting through the Shazigou Mountain Trough, it was precisely when the Red Army was in a difficult situation when the number of red troops was small, the supplies were seriously insufficient, and there were many wounded and sick, and it was even more difficult and even more unpredictable that the enemy was in a dangerous situation where the enemy had formed an encirclement on the east, west, and north.
Therefore, Comrade Yang Shangkun still did not forget Lu Ruiguang after 60 years of incident, and at the age of 90, he inscribed the name of the museum for the "Lu Ruiguang Memorial Hall" and praised the unusual significance of the "Anti-Chiang Kai-shek Alliance" and the "Anti-Chiang Kai-shek Operational Agreement" established by Peng, Yang, and Lu Dingli with a series of praises.
Heroic sacrifice sowed the seeds of revolution
In the early autumn of 1935, Lu Ruiguang led his troops to the Youjiang River in Guangxi to join the Red Seventh Army, but was hindered by the way and returned to The Village. After being frustrated in participating in the Red Army operation, Lu Ruiguang sent people to find the underground PARTY organization in Anshun. After that, Lu and Fang propagated the Communist Party's ideas in the border areas of Zhen, Guan, and Zi counties, and more firmly launched an armed struggle against harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes and against the arrest of soldiers and dispatched to serve.
These actions by Lu Ruiguang, which were of a new-democratic revolutionary nature, strongly shook the Kuomintang authorities' rule over the Zhen, Guan, and Zi ethnic areas.
At the end of 1936, the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen led the 20th Army into Qian, arrested Lu Ruiguang on the charge of "welcoming the Red Army's transit and signing the 'anti-Chiang Kai-shek agreement'", and then trapped the remaining "Four Heavenly Kings" and washed them in blood, and soon escorted them to Guiyang. In the spring of 1937, Yang Sen killed Lu Ruiguang and other "Four Heavenly Kings" in Bajiaoyan, Guiyang City, and Lu Ruiguang was only 36 years old when he died.
Although Lu Ruiguang died, the revolutionary seeds sown by the Red Army in the Buyi cottages and in the minority areas of Guizhou were not extinguished, and soon under the leadership of the local organizations of the CPC, they gradually became a burning trend.
From the end of 1947 to 1949, a party-led ethnic minority people's armed force, the Liuma People's Anti-Chiang Kai-shek Guerrillas, was active in the Liuma area, many of whom were the backbone of the former Lu Ruiguang Armed Forces and the red army left behind when they passed through Zhenning. In October 1949, the Luopan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to incorporate the Liuma guerrillas into the Yunnan-Guiqian Border Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to cooperate with the People's Liberation Army in the south to liberate the southwest.
According to relevant data, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, this contingent made meritorious contributions in containing and attacking the enemy, intercepting the Kuomintang's defeated troops, maintaining public order, protecting the smooth flow of the Yunnan-Qianqian Highway, encircling and suppressing bandits after the founding of New China, and consolidating the nascent people's power.
In 1989, the Guizhou Provincial People's Government posthumously recognized Lu Ruiguang as a revolutionary martyr. In 2015, the Lu Ruiguang Memorial Hall in Zhenning County was opened, and now, Lu Ruiguang's former residence, the Red Army headquarters in the cave, and the route taken by the Red Army... During the Long March of the Red Army, the revolutionary seeds were sown in the dyeing, leaving behind red genes and inspiring generations of Guizhou people.