Science knows no borders, but scientists have nationalities. Due to gengzi's indemnity, Qian Xuesen got the opportunity to study in the United States, and lived in the United States for the next 20 years, and also made brilliant achievements in the field of physics. After the founding of New China in 1949, the patriotic Qian Xuesen wanted to return to China, but was blocked by the United States, so how difficult was Qian Xuesen's way back to China? What thrilling things did you encounter on your way back to China?
The boy was determined to go to the United States to study
In 1911, Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai. Their family is the descendant of King Wuyue, and they have held a very high status for generations. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the status of the Qian family in Shanghai was still very high, and the Qian family also cultivated many outstanding talents, who became the pillars of the country in all walks of life.
Qian Xuesen's parents attached great importance to education from an early age, sending him to a private school at a very young age, and later in order to make him achieve higher achievements, decided to let him go to Beijing alone to study. Qian Xuesen, who came to Beijing, studied hard, and his test results were the first every time, and he was later admitted to the Shanghai school of Jiaotong University.
In 1929, the United States was the first to erupt into a major economic crisis, and US President Roosevelt alleviated the economic crisis with the model of state intervention in the economy. But Japan and Germany followed the path of fascism, hoping to alleviate the domestic crisis by means of external expansion.
By 1934, the international situation was very grim, Japan had stepped up its aggression against China, and the national crisis was unprecedentedly serious. Moreover, the United States also wanted to gain a broader market in China, so it decided not to ask the Nationalist government in Nanjing for war reparations, and said that it would use the money to support domestic education, which was later called Gengzi reparations.
In order to support domestic education, the U.S. government has also promised that excellent students can study in the United States, and also waive tuition and housing fees. In order to get a better education and better study physics, Qian Xuesen became the seventh Gengzi indemnity student at Tsinghua University, leaving China and going to the United States in 1935.
Qian Xuesen first studied in the aeronautical department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and later because of his teacher, he went to the California Institute of Technology to study, and later became a big winner in the American physics community. In the past 20 years in the United States, Qian Xuesen still studied hard, created famous physics formulas, and mastered core technologies such as aviation and atomic bombs.
But Qian Xuesen has never forgotten his motherland, and he is inspired to study hard now, just to serve the motherland. Even living in the city with the highest happiness index at that time, Qian Xuesen still wanted to contribute to the rise of the Chinese nation.
On the grounds of military secrets, the United States obstructed Qian Xuesen's return to China
In 1949, with the victory of the River Crossing War, the Nationalist government in Nanjing, which had ruled China for 23 years, completely collapsed, and Chiang Kai-shek and others also retreated to the Taiwan area. New China was formally founded, and since then the Chinese nation has truly stood up and is no longer the sick man of East Asia in the eyes of the great powers.
However, after the founding of New China, the new government was still facing a severe domestic and international situation. At home, because the remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's forces still existed, they tried to raise prices and disrupt market order through economic means. Internationally, the capitalist countries headed by the United States have politically isolated New China and economically blockaded New China.
Therefore, the new government decided to strengthen national defense construction and protect national security. However, as a result of years of war, China's education system has collapsed, and there are very few available talents. As soon as the news of the founding of New China reached Qian Xuesen's ears, Qian Xuesen immediately consulted with his wife, saying that he wanted to return to New China and offer suggestions and suggestions for the construction of New China.
The next day, Qian Xuesen applied with his school, California Institute of Technology. However, the school did not want to lose such a talent as Qian Xuesen, so it said that Qian Xuesen participated in all the core projects in the United States, and the information that Qian Xuesen possessed was the state's military secrets, so he directly imprisoned Qian Xuesen on the grounds that he had embezzled state military secrets.
The US government once declared that letting go of one Qian Xuesen was equivalent to giving China five divisions of troops. In order to show his determination, Qian Xuesen tore up all the manuscripts, but the US government still did not release anyone, and even sent soldiers to imprison him.
In 1954, in order to deal with india' problems, Premier Zhou attended the Geneva Conference. He overheard what happened to Qian Xuesen and was infected by his patriotism, so he came forward as a government spokesman and negotiated with the US government many times.
However, the US government has not been relaxed, and later Premier Zhou said that he promised to release the 11 US pilots captured in the Korean War, and the United States only relaxed, and Qian Xuesen finally embarked on the ship back to China, but the road back to China was also extremely difficult.
A difficult journey home
Since airplanes were not particularly developed at that time, people mainly traveled by ships and cars. Returning from the United States to China takes 21 days of sailing. This also means that Qian Xuesen's family will have to spend 21 days on the steamship, and there are especially many people on the ship, and there will definitely be some people with impure ideas.
Moreover, the Americans do not want to let Qian Xuesen go, so our party believes that the US government is likely to do tricks on the ship. However, if a telegram is sent in the name of the state, it is likely to cause panic in the Qian Xuesen family, and it is also very likely to provide the US government with an excuse that China does not trust it.
Therefore, the central authorities decided to send a telegram in the name of Qian Xuesen's father, telling Qian Xuesen's family that they must pay attention to safety in the process of taking the boat and not get off the boat for any reason. Qian Xuesen, who returned to his hometown, asked his father if he had sent a telegram, and Qian Xuesen's father said no, and later because of his busy work, Qian Xuesen also forgot about it.
After 50 years, as Qian Xuesen's files were constantly made public, the true identity of the telegram surfaced. We learned that it was a telegram sent by the state worried about his safety.
brief summary
In that turbulent years, when the country needed talents the most, Qian Xuesen chose to return to China without hesitation, on the one hand, because of patriotism, although he was in the United States, Qian Xuesen's goal of returning to China was not shaken for a moment, and he always regarded China as his home.
On the other hand, it is due to not forgetting the original intention. The reason why Qian Xuesen wanted to go to the United States was to learn more advanced technology, and after studying theory, he wanted to return to China to make contributions to the rise of the Chinese nation. Therefore, when the country needed him, Qian Xuesen did not think about it and came back.