The war was able to be fought because the strength of the two sides was close. If one side's strength far exceeds that of the other, then one-sided crushing will be formed.
In addition to the scale, this strength depends largely on whether there is a technical generation gap.
The Western powers opened the door of the Qing Dynasty by relying on the difference in technology in weapons.
▍ Technical ceiling with dynastic change.
The reason why the Shang Dynasty was able to unify the surrounding countries was because it had the most developed bronze smelting technology, which far exceeded the level of the surrounding countries.
Of course, the proliferation of this technology is inevitable.
When technological generational differences do not exist, the likelihood of war increases dramatically. After King Ji Fa of Zhou Wu defeated the King of Shang, he stepped onto the stage of history.
However, the Zhou Dynasty's control over the surrounding princes was not actually strict, because the central army had no technical difference except that it was slightly more large than that of the surrounding princes.
This is why, at the peak of bronze, China appeared in the Spring and Autumn Warring States.
When technical means no longer play a decisive role in determining victory or defeat in war, the role of people will appear prominent, so there will be Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru.
However, the human factor has a great randomness, so this randomness has made the forces of all sides rise and fall in the long river of history.
Therefore, there will be the Spring and Autumn Five, and everyone will take turns to sit in the village.
The soldiers of the Han Dynasty were known as the enemies of the Han Dynasty and the Five Hus because the iron smelting technology of the Han Dynasty was able to crush the surrounding nomadic peoples, thus laying the foundation for the great unification of the Chinese nation in 2000.
When the iron manufacturing process spread to the nomadic peoples, the nomads would form a pressure on the Central Plains peoples, and at this time there would be a large-scale war.
Therefore, for a strong regime to maintain true unity, it must have a strong crushing power against the periphery.
However, the laws of physics are limited
When all the laws of physics are exhausted, it is basically a ceiling state, the leader is stagnant, and the laggard slowly catches up.
As a result, the control of powerful regimes will be weakened, and the era of large space aviation will face such a problem.
▍ Technology diffusion and the rise of private spaceflight.
Recently, the head of the European Space Agency claimed that Musk's space X company has become strong enough to set space rules, and believes that Musk has ambitions to dominate the space economy.
The rise of Space X, although IT is said that NASA is the driving force behind it, is essentially related to the diffusion of liquid rocket technology.
The development of liquid rockets can be traced back to the German-made V1 and V2 rockets during World War II in the last century.
In the beginning, how to generate thrust with the jet system faced various problems in the design, including the design of the combustion chamber, the design of the injection disc, and the fuel mixing.
There is no real economic benefit to investing in this area and can only be done by the state.
Rocket fuel and oxidizer enter the combustion chamber of the rocket through a device similar to a shower shower, which is called a jet disc.
The Saturn V rocket used to land on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s used five F1 engines in parallel, with a total power of up to 118 million kilowatts, and one engine consumed 788 kilograms of kerosene per second.
All of this fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through a jet disc, and several tons of liquid oxygen are injected at the same time.
Just such an inconspicuous thing, the punching and the arrangement of the holes, all need to be repeatedly improved.
So rocket engines are expensive and are disposable consumables, which results in very high costs for spaceflight.
▍ The difficulty of privately developing the universe is gradually decreasing.
According to the astronauts of Shenzhou 13, eating apples in space has to be eaten sparingly, and it has begun to stay at the space station one a day, and now it has become only one a week.
Because to send a kilogram of object into space, it takes 300,000 yuan.
After Space X developed a retrievable launch vehicle, the cost of entering outer space was greatly reduced, and according to Space X's goal, the final transport of a kilogram of objects into space would be reduced to less than $50.
The cheap space-to-earth system brings two major benefits, the first is that the number of people entering space will show an explosive growth trend, and the second is that transportation is no longer an obstacle to space mining and smelting.
▍ There is not much difference between military spacecraft and civilian spacecraft.
This is due to the physical properties of space, in which all objects travel at extremely high speeds, so it is difficult to attack each other with missiles, and spaceships and missiles fly almost as fast.
If according to human physical detection methods, the speed of light is the limit, and even large phased array radar detection distance can only reach thousands of kilometers.
In the vast space of the universe, thousands of kilometers are very insignificant distances
With the current technical means of mankind, in the foreseeable future, most of the wars in the universe will attack each other with lasers within the observable range, or fire shells at close range, or even slash each other with large knives in the interlocking war.
This is the kind of war model described in Star Wars, the ceiling of human imagination, which is actually determined by the ceiling of human cognition.
From this point of view, the transformation of civilian spaceships into military spacecraft is basically not difficult, at most, the armor on military spaceships is slightly thicker.
This is very similar to the medieval Era of European Navigation, when there was no generation difference between pirate ships and warships. It's just that warships are built with the power of the state, slightly larger.
The technical premise of the medieval pirates' long-term rampage at sea: military technology does not constitute a crushing of civilian technology.
▍ Does Musk have the ability to build a separate Martian kingdom that is not controlled by Earth?
In terms of technical strength, Elon. As long as Musk can reach Mars, he can reject the regime on Earth and send forces to Reach Mars.
Musk had envisioned bombing the surface of Mars with a nuclear bomb, releasing carbon dioxide below the surface of Mars and constructing a greenhouse climate environment to make the surface of Mars habitable.
Of course, Musk himself can not get the hydrogen bomb, the neutron bomb, at most can solve the atomic bomb, but the atomic bomb pollution is more serious.
Therefore, at present, it seems that without the support of nuclear powers, his plan cannot be implemented.
But according to Space X's current strength, every 26 months, the launch window (60 days) when Mars and Earth meet, maintaining the size of launching a spaceship to Mars every day, as long as 120 starships (60 on the way to Mars, 60 on the way back to Earth) can be continuously transported between Earth and Mars.
If there are 10 people on each ship, 600 people can be sent to Mars in a window. And at the moment, it seems that only Musk has such capabilities or potential.
According to anthropologists, as long as the population exceeds 200 people, humans can reproduce without restrictions and barriers, without genetic diseases.
It only takes about 10 years to build 4 600-person towns on Mars.
These 2,400 people basically have the ability to form a society, and if they are willing to be independent, it is difficult for the regime on the earth to interfere.
Many of the countries that arose after 1700 were originally colonial separatist regimes, splitting off from the mother country to form new countries, such as the United States and Australia.
The Age of Great Astronautics will provide all the conditions for the emergence of all the divided regimes in the history of the earth.