Introduction: How many emperors? It is estimated that dozens of them will not be able to hold back. If it originates from the regional concept of the ancient broad northeast, it is said that the emperor has dozens of regimes. The regimes of Zhuyan, Zhuwei, and Tuguhun established by the Xianbei tribes originating from the Daxing'anling Daxianbei Mountains; the Yuan Dynasty and other regimes established by the Mongol tribes that originated from the source of the Nan River; the Daliao established by the Khitan from the Liao River; the Jin State established by the Jurchens and the Later Jin and Qing Dynasties established by the Jianzhou Jurchens; the Liaodong Shengguo- Bohai State established by the Jingjing people; the Goguryeo State, which originated in the northeast and was founded by the Buyeo people, and so on. Therefore, in the rich land of the ancient northeast, there were constantly tribes rising. Some regimes threatened the security of the Central Plains Dynasty, and even some tribes came to dominate the Central Plains to dominate Eurasia. During this period, there are many heroes, so let's elaborate on it.
In ancient times, because northeast China had no national borders, the nomadic and activity range of tribes far exceeded that of the three eastern provinces. Donghu, Suiqi, and Sushen are known as the three major tribes of ancient northeast China: Donghu evolved except for the Xianbei, Khitan, Wuhuan, Mongols and other ethnic groups; while the Donghu evolved buyeo, Goguryeo, Woshen, etc.; Sushen evolved the Jing, Jurchen and other ethnic groups. These tribes originating from the northeast will burst forth with great power when the wind and clouds meet, and we will comment on them one by one.
Originated from the Xianbei, Khitan and Mongol regimes of the Eastern Hu tribe
The Xianbei regime originated from the Great Xianbei Mountains in the northeast:
The xianbei formation was complex and did not form a unified regime, but even the capitals established by the branches were once dominant. Former Yan, Later Yan, Western Yan, Southern Yan, and Northern Yan established by Murong Shi; Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Western Wei established by the Tuoba clan; Western Qin established by the Qifu clan; Southern Liang established by the Bald Clan; and Northern Zhou established by yuwen clan. It can be said that Xianbei was strong in the 4th to 6th centuries AD. Among them, Later Yan's Chengwu Emperor Murong Chui, Northern Wei's Daowu Emperor Tuoba Jue, Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao, Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong, and Northern Zhou Wu Emperor Yuwen Yong are all the masters of this Xianbei tribe, and we will briefly introduce these five monarchs.
Later Yan Chengwu Emperor Murong Chui was the founder of the Former Yan sect and Later Yan, and after the collapse of Former Qin, he single-handedly established the Later Yan Empire covering half of the northern kingdom. In the early days, lord Gao Zhen was forced to flee from Former Qin due to the suspicion of the Former Yan royal family, and after the fall of Former Yan, he took advantage of Former Qin's defeat in the battle of Shuishui in an attempt to restore the Yan state. Finally, after the defeat of Former Qin, he found a good opportunity to build a country, and single-handedly revived the Yan Room and established the Later Yan Empire.
Historical evaluation: "Murong Chui was able to restore Yan Zuo, and it cannot be said that he was not a first-generation Xiong, and his only chosen son was unknown, and he was lost to Prince Bao, but instead took what Duan Hou said as a private property."
The Northern Wei Dynasty, as a northern dynasty regime during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, lasted 20 emperors and enjoyed 148 years of the country. Among the emperors, let's focus on the Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao and the Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong: Tuoba Tao was a very accomplished monarch, and he was excellent in both Wenzhi and martial arts. Although he was in power in his later years, he could not deny his actions. In terms of civil rule, Tuoba Jue observed the sufferings of the people, reduced taxes, and cared for orphans and the elderly; in terms of martial arts, He Ordered Hu Xia, Swallowed Northern Yan, and Destroyed Northern Liang to unify the North, otherwise there would not have been a martial character in the middle of the night. The main contribution of Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong was to adhere to the Sinicization reform and impose reform measures while moving the capital. The Sinicization reform has greatly alleviated ethnic and class contradictions and promoted ethnic integration.
Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was even the best of them, and if he had not died young, he might have even ruled the world. Yuwen Yong's life was legendary, when the internal power minister Yuwen Hu was in charge; externally threatened by the old enemy Northern Qi. Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong did not hesitate to eliminate the powerful minister Yuwen Hu and develop the domestic economy; he destroyed Northern Qi and attacked the Turks to almost unify the world. If in terms of talent, Emperor Wu of Later Zhou was not inferior to Kangxi at all, Kangxi also had an imperial grandmother Xiaozhuang to assist and Yuwen Yong himself did it. Unfortunately, after Yuwen Yong's early death, he was usurped by the Sui Emperor Yang Jian. Therefore, Yuwen Yong, who objectively created the prosperity of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, objectively laid the foundation for the great unification of the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Khitan and Liao regimes:
The Liao state, founded by the Khitan people, who originated in Liaohe and claimed to be the descendants of Qingniu And White Horse, experienced a total of nine emperors and enjoyed 209 years of the country. If you include the Western Liao Dynasty founded by Yelü Dashi in the Western Regions, Guozuo has reached almost the same 300 years as the Central Plains Dynasty Guozuo cycle. Although there are only nine emperors, there are not many true male lords. And there are many faint lords who are addicted to hunting such as sleeping kings, Yelü Hongji, and Yelü Yanxi. Today we introduce the liao taizu Yelü Abaoji and the Liao Shengzong Yelü Longxu, two of whom were the lords who founded the foundation and the other who created the prosperity of the Great Liao.
Yelü Abaoji, who was born in the Khitan Dila tribe, unified the eight khitan tribes, conquered the Bohai state, and changed the tribal election system to a hereditary system, and the Emperor established the Khitan regime. Yelü Abaoji built an imperial city and a Temple of Confucius, changing the way of governing the country in the past. Perhaps this is the reason why the Great Liao State Zuo has lasted for more than two hundred years. From the time of Emperor Shengzong of Liao, yelü Longxu, the system of primogeniture of the succession of the eldest son of the Liao Emperor was established, avoiding the disorderly competition for the throne; the signing of the Alliance of Liaoyuan established the realization of a century of peace in song and Liao; and the opening of the science and technology to take the throne and rectify the administration of officials all showed that Liao Shengzong was different from the nomadic emperor. Daliao also reached its peak of national strength during this period.
(Liao Shengzong Yelü Longxu stills)
Mongol Empire, Yuan Dynasty regime:
Mongolia, which originated from the source of the River of Difficulties, once swept through Europe and Asia in the 12th and 14th centuries, and countless countries were annihilated under this torrent. The Mongol Empire went west several times and expanded its territory to Central Europe and the Middle East. If it were not for Möngke Khan's violent death of Hulagu in a hurry to return to China to compete for the Khan's throne, perhaps the Mongol title of a great empire spanning the three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa would not be known. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan also became the largest dynasty in the history of our country, and it can be said that the Mongols were the strongest tribes that rose in the ancient northeast.
There are many famous emperors in the Mongolian Yuan period, and we introduce two Genghis Khans and Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan was posthumously honored as yuan taizu by Kublai Khan, and Temujin rose up in the face of adversity to unify the Mongol ministries and establish a regime called genghis Khan rising. After the western conquest and annihilation of countless countries, the four sons were divided into four sons to lay the rudiments of the four great khanates. During Kublai Khan's reign, he completed the historical mission of destroying the Song Dynasty and unifying the country, making the Yuan Dynasty accept multiculturalism, including Han culture, an important part of the Central Plains Dynasty.
Originated from the Buyeo and Goguryeo regimes of the Buyeo and Goguryeo tribes
The founder of the Goguryeo regime was The Buyeo Djum, and the regime created during the Han Dynasty in Goguryeo County, Genju County, is known as Goguryeo. Goguryeo took advantage of the turmoil in the Central Plains during the Wei and Jin dynasties at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was forced to expand to the south of the Korean Peninsula after the blows of Cao Wei and Former Yan in these hundreds of years. By the time of king Changshou, the territory reached its peak, covering parts of Liaoning and Jilin and the territory of the Han River Basin.
According to the tenacity of Goguryeo, after repeated conquests by the four emperors of the Sui and Tang dynasties, Goguryeo was finally completely pacified during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Li Zhi.
Originated from the Sushen tribe's Jing and Jurchen regimes
The Bohai state established by the Jing people lasted for more than 200 years, although the title of King of Bohai, who nominally accepted the Tang Dynasty' canonization, was actually a monarchy. The Bohai State was the same as the Tang Dynasty vassals at that time, and both the economic system and the political system were basically in the same vein as the Tang Dynasty. Even the architectural style and design of Shangjing Longquan Province are small Chang'an City. At its peak, the Bohai State had jurisdiction over Five Capitals, Fifteen Provinces, and Sixty-two Prefectures, with a population of more than three million. In 926 AD, the Bohai state, known as the "Shengguo of Haidong", died in the Khitan Dynasty.
The Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens and the Qing Dynasty established by the Jurchens
The Jurchens, who rose up in the white mountains and black waters, defeated the Liao state established by the Khitans after three key battles of Chuhedian, Huanglongfu and Hubu Dagang under the decline of Yan Akuta. From the establishment of the Jin regime in 1115 to the annihilation of the mongol and Song forces in 1234, a total of 119 years were held, and ten emperors reigned successively. The territory stretches south to the north of the Huai River, north to the Waixing'an Mountains, east to Mongolia, western Xia, and west to the Sea of Japan.
After the Jin Dynasty entered the Central Plains, it quickly completed the process of Sinicization, which is a typical representative of its rise and fall. If it were not for the good implementation of The Sinicization, perhaps with the collapse of The Meng'an Muke, the Jin Dynasty would not even be able to support the fortunes of the century-old nation. Among the emperors of the Jin Dynasty, the commendable things jin taizu completed Yan Akuta and Jin Shizong completed Yan Yong with the support of Xiao Yao Shun. The main merit of Yan Akuta was to destroy the Liao and establish the Jin Kingdom on the basis of the Meng'an Mouke system. During the reign of Jin Shizong, Yan Yong advocated frugality and the selection of wise officials, and successfully ended the situation of the Jin kingdom's conquests and began to recuperate. At the same time, Yan Yong's light emphasis on agriculture and respect for Confucianism are completely a Confucian emperor's style. Therefore, Kim Sejong opened the "Dading Prosperous Era" in the history of the Jin Dynasty, and the strength of the Jin Kingdom reached its peak.
In the late Ming Dynasty, another Jurchen regime, under the leadership of Nurhaci, gradually came to the stage of history. From the beginning of emperor Taiji's change of name to Qing in 1636 to the abdication of the Qing emperor in 1912, a total of 276 years, if you start from the establishment of Nurhaci in 1616, the Qing Dynasty lasted for 296 years. The qing dynasty's prosperous territory covered an area of more than 13 million square kilometers, basically laying the rudiments of modern China's territory.
There were a total of 12 emperors in the Qing Dynasty, and the more successful ones were the three emperors who opened the kangqian boom: Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong. For these three emperors, Kangxi was more lenient, mainly as an expansion of territory; Yongzheng was diligent in his administration and loved the people, mainly as a new policy based on the return of fire to the public and the integration of the gentry into grain. During the reign of Yongzheng, the treasury was abundant, laying a solid material foundation for the Wenzhi martial arts in the Qianlong period; and Qianlong was the last monarch in the prosperous era of Kangqian, and although the Wenzhi martial arts were good, the corruption of the late officials sowed the hidden danger of decline.
brief summary:
In summary, the tribes that originated in the ancient northeast region created a splendid civilization. The regime they established has also left a strong mark on the history of our country. The positive role of the outstanding emperors in these regimes in the process of establishing and prospering the regime is even more worthy of historical memory.
I am the emperor of history, welcome your attention; if there is a flaw, the axe is right.