Researchers at the National Museum of Nature and Science announced on the 13th that they successfully interpreted the genetic information of the ancient Japanese Jomon people, and inferred that the Jomon people and the Han Chinese had a common ancestor. Jomon people refer to the ancients who lived on the Japanese archipelago from about 16,000 to about 3,000 years ago, and got their name from the pottery that made Jomon patterns. Previous studies in Japan have shown that about 15% of the genome of modern Japanese people comes from Jomon people (Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, May 13).
Although from a scientific point of view, people know that Japan is an island country that cannot originate from mankind, and it is self-evident where its ancestors came from, but for various historical reasons, or from an emotional point of view, people, especially Chinese, are surprised. Below, from a historical point of view, we objectively outline the "blood relationship" between the Japanese and the Chinese.
The ancestors of the Japanese were a branch of the Chinese ancestors
Since the Westerners proposed the concept of race, the Japanese who are in the same boat as China have also been included in the concept of "yellow people", but unlike Chinese, the Japanese have forcibly rejected this concept, because the Japanese feel that they are whiter than Europeans and Americans, and at the same time, in their bones, they think that yellow is not a particularly good color in European culture, even insulting, so rejection has become natural. Most importantly, Japan, which has learned a lot of Chinese culture, opened its doors at a very late time, forcibly "left Asia and entered Europe", began to dislike Asia, and deliberately drew a clear line with "Asians".
However, whether historically or geographically, the "blood relationship" between The Japanese and Chinese can never be erased.
In fact, as early as November 1, 2012, researchers at the Graduate School of Integrated Research reported in the online edition of the Japanese Journal of Human Genetics that genetic analysis confirmed that modern Japanese people were mainly formed by the constant mixing of Jomon people, the local inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago, and Yayoi people from the East Asian continent. Jomon is characterized by adult males less than 165 cm tall and adult females less than 150 cm, a three-dimensional facial contour, a prominent eyebrow (center of the forehead), a sunken nose root, thick eyebrows, large eyes with deep orbits, double eyelids, slightly thicker lips, and developed jawbone. The Y chromosome is labeled D1b and the maternal mitochondria are n9b. The existence of its genes also generally makes the facial features of the Japanese more deep and three-dimensional in the east Asian ethnic range.
This news tells people that the Yayoi people are from the East Asian mainland and the Jomon people are the local inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago, and researchers at institutions such as the National Museum of Science and Science have taken the source of the Jomon people a step further. According to their deductions, the ancestors of the Jomon people came to Japan from the Asian continent about 38,000 to 18,000 years ago, sharing a common ancestor with the Han Chinese.
The Jomons lived a hunter-gatherer life in relatively small groups. A team led by the National Museum of Nature and Science analyzed genetic information from the remains of a female Jomon who lived between 3500 and 3800 years ago. The remains were excavated in a ship remains in Hokkaido, Japan, and the team collected DNA from its teeth and achieved a genomic interpretation with nearly the same precision as modern human bones. Judging from the genetic information of the remains of this female Jomon, it can be judged that she has a strong alcohol tolerance and can adapt to a high-fat diet.
Yayoi people refer to the Yayoi culture era, also known as the Yayoi period of the Japanese archipelago residents, the age of activity is about 300 BC - 250 AD, because the pottery representing the cultural characteristics of this period, was first found in Yayoi Town, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, Japan, so called Yayoi people. Compared with the Jomon people, Yayoi's face is longer and flatter, and the root of the nose is flattened. In addition, yayoi people have larger teeth than Jomon and are taller than Jomon.
In this way, the Origin of the Mixed Blood of the Japanese, which was formed by the Jomon and the Yayoi people, is all in the East Asian continent, and it is also related to the Han Chinese, so theoretically speaking, its "mixing" can only be The "blood" of China, and in the same context as China, there is no problem of "mixing". In the past, there was a saying that before other immigrants came to the Japanese archipelago, a Caucasian ethnic group had crossed the sea from northeast Asia. It reached the Japanese mainland around 6000 BC and quickly occupied all of Japan. These were the so-called Ainus. The Ainu distinctly have the characteristics of the Europa race. Because they were able to produce a pottery with a rope pattern ornamentation, they were also called jomons by Japanese archaeologists.
Now it seems that this statement is wrong, it can be stopped, the Ainu and Okinawans have a commonality in genetic characteristics, their ancestors should be Yayoi or Jomon people, not at all Caucasian race, nor do they have any Europa race characteristics, that is, the ancestors of the Japanese from the East Asian continent are a branch of the Chinese ancestors.
The Jurchens successfully invaded Japan, and Kublai Khan's second march failed
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese has always had close relations with the Japanese, and the Japanese have also come to China many times, learned a lot of advanced culture, and brought it into Japan, and even some people say that the name of Japan was also given by the Chinese empress Wu Zetian, which should be a "honeymoon period" for Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. However, by the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were some bumpy wars.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jurchen invasion of Japan was the first time that Chinese attacked Japan, and it was also the first time in Japanese history that it was invaded. This war occurred in 1019, because the climate in East Asia was significantly colder, coupled with the blockade and suppression of Jurchens by the Song and Liao, the Jurchen people with gathering and fishing and hunting as the main mode of production were unsustainable, and the demand for external plunder was greatly enhanced. If they could not fight the Liao, they could not deal with the Song, and they could only set their sights on the sea.
In March of that year, the Jurchens attacked Japan in large ships, at that time Japan was still very backward, and paid attention to single-handed fighting in terms of tactics, so it quickly collapsed, and the Jurchens captured the Japanese Horse Islands and Iki Islands, and plundered a large number of supplies, killing hundreds of Japanese soldiers. But they did not stop there, but marched all the way to the Japanese island of Kyushu on April 7 and invaded Chikuzen National Hakata Bay on April 8. Here, they were effectively resisted by the Japanese samurai, and the momentum of the attack was contained, and they could only retreat in sorrow.
According to reports, the invasion of the Jurchens robbed 1280 people and hundreds of cattle and sheep, and destroyed many houses. However, on their way back, they were attacked by the Goryeo people, caught off guard, and fled in defeat, which eventually made your invasion for the purpose of plundering materials more than worth the loss. But the impact of the invasion on Japan should not be underestimated. The scholar Lan Wenhui pointed out in "Jurchens on the Sea" that the Jurchen invasion of Japan was "actually the first time Chinese attacked Japan, and it was also the first time that Japan suffered an attack from the north, which can be described as a major event in the history of East Asia."
Because the invasion was effectively resisted by the Japanese samurai, it objectively improved the status of the later Japanese samurai group. The defeat in the battle against the Jurchens became a painful memory of the Japanese people who were stimulated, and then became one of the spiritual motivations for their military reform.
In March 1274, Kublai Khan ordered an eastern expedition against Japan. By this time, he had completely conquered Goryeo and created the conditions for the possibility of attacking Japan. Kublai Khan mobilized 15,000 goryeo Tuntian army, Jurchen army, and navy army, 900 ships, and set out from the vicinity of present-day Masanpo in Present-day South Korea in October of that year, and arrived on Tsushima Island first. The Japanese did not even use the shogunate's military strength, and with the defenders of Kyushu Dazaifu, they repelled the Yuan army that landed at Hakata Bay. Then, unfortunately, a typhoon struck, killing 13,500 Yuan troops, and the war ended quickly.
In the first month of 1281, Kublai Khan began the second battle of Japan on the grounds that du Shizhong, an envoy to Japan, was killed. To this end, the Yuan Dynasty formed the province of Conquest of Japan, and ordered Xin Du and Hong Chaqiu to be the commanders of the attack on Japan. In June, the Yuan army was divided into two routes, Xindu and Hongchaqiu led 40,000 troops to cross the sea from Hepu, Jinzhou, Goryeo, and Fan Wenhu led 100,000 Jiangnan troops to cross the sea from Qingyuan and Dinghai to Japan. In July, the two route army arrived in the Area of Eagle Island and Hirado Island in Japan, but without knowing why, the commander of the Two Route Army let his army and ships drift at sea for a month, and then, unfortunately, encountered a typhoon like the first expedition.
On August 1, the hurricane blew over countless warships. Fan Wenhu, the commander of the Jiangnan Army, escaped by chance, and more than 100,000 soldiers were directly abandoned, most of them were left with their lives, but they became slaves to the Japanese. The Mongols, Goryeos, and Northern Han chinese of the other route were almost all killed by the Japanese army. Since then, the term "kamikaze" has become popular throughout Japan.
We are restating this history here just to illustrate a problem: Japan, as an island country, was really not easy to conquer in ancient times when shipbuilding technology was not well developed, and this also created a relative closure of its culture and race.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese continued to "flow" to Japan
The Jomon people and the Yayoi people have a long history, and people can only rely on modern developed science and technology to "archaeology", but at the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chinese continued to "flow" to Japan, which should be a historical fact and a fact.
Xu Fu (徐福), courtesy name Junfang, was a famous alchemist of the Qin Dynasty, a Taoist celebrity, and a former imperial physician of Qin Shi Huang, born in the State of Qi during the Warring States period. During the Qin Shi Huang period, he led three thousand boys and girls to cross from the coast of Shandong to the east, and the legend spread throughout southern Korea and Japan, becoming a good story of cultural exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea in history, which has been a hot topic of study and discussion for thousands of years, and has become a comprehensive multidisciplinary research such as pre-Qin history, Qin and Han history, History of Sino-Foreign Relations, History of Navigation, Folklore, Religion, archaeology, etc., which has extremely important academic value.
To this day, Japan still preserves many places to commemorate Xu Fu, and you can see his status among the Japanese people, and even enjoy worship as a god. Regarding the origin of Xu Fu's family, Chinese scholars today have found that there is a record of Xu Guo in the oracle bones, which can be proved to have Xu Guo as early as the Yin Dynasty. After Xu's death, his descendants took the kingdom as their clan. The "Genealogy of the Xu Clan" is consistent with the "Zuo Zhuan", "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", etc., indicating that Xu Fu is a descendant of Xu Guo, from the Dongyi Shaohao clan, and the same as Qin and Zhao as the surname of Qi (and Yingtong), and Xu is his surname. In this way, the Japanese have become a branch of the "descendants of Yan Huang".
The second is the Japanese Qin clan, an ancient clan in Japan. According to the Nihon Shoki, the ancestor of the Qin clan, Gong Yuejun (king of The New Family Name), naturalized in Japan in the 14th year of emperor Yingshen's reign from Baekje in the Korean Peninsula to the people of the twenty-seven prefectures of the Ryo (Lelang-gun) region. According to the newly written surname records, some people say that the Qin clan was the royal family or nobles of the former Qin Fujian during the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period who traveled through the Korean Peninsula to Japan to avoid chaos due to war, and another theory is that King Sun Gongman, the fourth emperor of Qin, came to Emperor Zhonglai when he was emperor.
According to the Book of Sui, vol. 46, "Biography of the Kingdom of Wu", in 608 AD, Pei Shiqing visited today's ben, "Du Baekje, traveled to Takeshima, south to the kingdom of Luo, through the kingdom of Dusima, is in the sea." To the east is a branch of the country, to the country of Zhusi, and to the east is the kingdom of Qin, whose people are the same as Huaxia, thinking that Yizhou is doubtfully unclear." The Qin Kingdom mentioned here may be the settlement of the Qin clan.
The Japanese Qin clan and the Eastern Han clan are both influential clans, and during World War II, Qin Yansaburo, chief of the general staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, came from this clan.
In addition, Liu Azhi, the grandson of Liu Xie, the Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the most famous figure in history, who pioneered the Uighur kingdom, is the common ancestor of today's Harada, Takahashi, Dazang, Jiangshang, Qiuyue, Potojiang and other families in Japan. According to records, when King Azhi came to the Uighur Kingdom, there were also seven surnames, including Duan, Guo, Li, Duo, Soap, Zhu, and Gao. After Ah Zhi arrived at the king of the Uighur kingdom, he also asked the king of the Uighur kingdom to send envoys to Goryeo, Baekje, Silla and other countries to recruit many of his fellow villagers who had wandered in these places to the king of the Uighur kingdom. Because of the large number of people and the narrow land, the king of the Uighur kingdom divided them into different places.
Legend has it that after landing ashore, Achi and others may have initially lived in Nara Prefecture, which is now Ben, and later moved to Okayama Prefecture. In the village of Hibae in present-day Nara Prefecture, there is still a "Achi-miya", and at the top of Myomi Mountain in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture, there is also a "Achi-miya", which was built by later generations but also followed historical facts.
As an imperial family of the Han Dynasty, Liu's emigration to the Uighur Kingdom is recorded in the Japanese history books "Japanese Secretaries", "Ancient Sayings", and "Continuation of the Japanese Chronicle", but after these people arrived in the Uighur Kingdom, most of them did not continue to use the surname emblem of "Liu", but fully integrated into the Uighur Yamato nation. They immigrated to the Uighur country, brought with them the advanced production technology and culture of China at that time, and greatly promoted the development of the civilization of the uighur country. Therefore, with their inherent cultural qualities, they soon became the new nobles of high status in the society of the Uighur state.
For example, Liu Duhe, the son of King Azhi, introduced the textile technology of China to the Uighur kingdom at that time, so he was called king of Duhe. Especially in the era of the Japanese Suzaku Emperor (930-946 AD), the 45th generation grandson of King Achi and the ancestor of Han Gaozu Liu Bang, General Ren Zhengxi, made great contributions to quelling the "Tianqing Rebellion" that occurred in Japan at that time, and was rewarded and rewarded by the Japanese Emperor on May 3 of the lunar calendar in the third year of the Japanese Suzaku Emperor Tianqing (940 AD), and was rewarded with the imperial flag, imperial coat of arms, and military mate. It was also at this time that the descendants of the Liu clan were "great in grace and mighty" in Japan.
Later, the family grew into a large family, the Harada family. The Harada family is very respected in Japan, Japanese history called King Achi as the "envoy lord", or "Eastern Han envoy lord", the Harada family has never forgotten their ancestors, the members of the family clearly declared that they are the descendants of Han Gaozu Liu Bang, Han Wu Emperor Liu Che, Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, and recorded the human genealogy from generation to generation, in 1988 Mr. Harada also specially led his family from Japan to China to sacrifice the tomb of his ancestors Liu Bang and Liu Che.
However, in the context of different cultures and countries, everything seems to have become insignificant, even a passing cloud. Race and blood sometimes don't explain or solve anything, because, further up, humans have only one common ancestor. So, even though the ancestors of the Japanese were a branch of the Chinese ancestors, and the Chinese were still Chinese, the Japanese were still Japanese. If you have to set up relatives, the best way is to be peaceful and friendly forever. (Text/Lu Sheng)