This is the 274th original article of Shi Shuoxing
In other words, the opening battle of the Jin-Chu struggle for hegemony, or the Battle of Chengpu, in which Jin Wengong officially became the hegemon of the Central Plains, was able to turn passive into active, unfavorable to advantageous, turn the tide of the tide, and turn things around, without his chief strategist Xianxun. Today, let's talk about the diplomatic strategy of the pioneer's war strategy.
Xianxun went into exile with The Jin Dynasty for many years, was quite familiar with the situation in various countries, and was good at accepting the lessons and lessons of his predecessors and developing and innovating, so in the practice of war, he was able to use diversified strategies to win the victory of the war, thus enriching the ancient Chinese strategy and tactics and making certain contributions to the development of war history. There are two main manifestations, and today we will first look at the diplomatic aspect:
Xianxun formally incorporated diplomacy into the scope of strategy, setting a precedent for "soldiers and tricks". Before the Battle of Chengpu, political, economic, and spiritual factors had been incorporated into the strategic application by military experts. However, due to the fact that most of the wars at that time were only two stronger opponents fighting each other, the situation was relatively simple, so diplomatic factors did not play much role in the use of strategy.
Although some military strategists, such as Lü Shang and Guan Zhong, have begun to have the factor of using diplomatic activities in their war guidance, after all, they are still in the bud, and they cannot talk about diplomatic strategy or diplomatic power. In the Battle of Chengpu, for the first time, xianxun proceeded from the objective reality of the struggle for hegemony among major powers and the complicated international situation, and in accordance with the psychology of the decision-makers of various countries, cleverly and skillfully used diplomatic activities to win allies and weaken the enemy, thus changing the overall strategic situation and creating favorable conditions for the victory of the war.
In particular, the diplomatic means used by the pioneers are extremely deceitful and deceptive, and are very different from the war diplomacy in the past under the guidance of traditional military ideas such as "benevolence" and "etiquette"; they appear in a brand-new form, have the meaning of "deviance" to traditional military thinking, and are diplomatic activities that serve the purposes of war. This has undergone a qualitative change from the diplomatic activities employed by his predecessors, military strategists.
Later generations said that "Jin Wen is not righteous, and Qi Huan is just and unjust" (in fact, Qi Huan and Jin Wen's strategies are mostly out of Guan Zhong and Xianxun). If these two sentences are used to express the two different military ideas represented by the two men, it is more realistic. Because it correctly reflects the law of development of military thought.
As for Gao Shiqi's criticism of Jin Wengong for saying that "Chengpu Gong is high, and the conspiracy of Xin Xianxun, Xu Fucao and Wei, the detention of Wanchun (Chu envoys), and the obstinate defeat of Chu, without the wind of military cultivation, compared to the so-called unrighteous people who summon Lingcheng", this is purely pedantic. Diplomacy serves politics, and war is the continuation of politics, and wartime diplomacy naturally serves the victory of war.
Therefore, according to historical reality, there is reason to believe that the combat guidance of Xianxun in the Battle of Chengpu was a turning point in the development of China's war history, or a milestone in the development of ancient Chinese war!
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