Ancient feudal hierarchy was strict, and even surnames were divided into noble and lowly. Many people may think that the first noble surname of the ancient dynasty is the emperor's surname, in fact, it is not so, just like the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Taizong asked his courtiers to revise the "Clan History", and everyone is still accustomed to ranking the "Cui" surname first according to the family reputation, which caused Tang Taizong to be angry. However, by the Qing Dynasty, the situation changed.
The Qing Dynasty was already in the late stage of feudal society, and the imperial power was highly concentrated, and no family could confront the royal family. Therefore, the first noble surname of the Qing Dynasty was naturally "Ai Xin Jue Luo", because "Ai Xin" means "gold" in Manchu, so after the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, many Ai Xin Jue Luo people changed their surname to Jin. So, in addition to Ai Xin Jue Luo, how to change the other 8 noble surnames of the Manchu Qing Dynasty?
The saying that the 8 noble surnames of the Manchu Qing Dynasty has a long history, and many people mistakenly believe that the trend of these 8 clans changing han surnames began at the end of the Qing Dynasty. In fact, as early as the strong period of the Qing Dynasty, there were many Manchu clans who changed their Han surnames, but the way they changed them was quite irregular, taking the Niu Cobalt Lu clan as an example, some Niu Cobalt Lu clan members changed their surnames to "Lang" surnames, which directly alarmed the Qianlong Emperor.
The Qianlong Emperor reprimanded this behavior: "The Niu Cobalt Lu clan ... Change the name of Lang surname, even if the previous word is called, it should also be called a cow, how can it be directly called Lang, the same as the Han surname Hu? Those with surnames are the foundation of Manchuria and are very important. If we do not straighten out now, if we follow it for a long time, we will forget our own surnames and will no longer know them. It can be seen that the trend of changing the 8 major surnames of the Manchu people to Han surnames has a long history.
Generations of emperors' edicts have not contained this trend. To name the 8 surnames of the Manchus: Nyūrülu, Hesheri, Fucha, Tongjia, Guarjia, Majia, Soqiluo, and Nala. In the Qing Dynasty, these 8 surnames basically produced historical celebrities, such as the Qianlong Emperor's mother belonged to the Niuhulu clan, the empress belonged to the Fucha clan, Kangxi's mother belonged to the Tong Jia clan, and the empress belonged to the Hesheli clan.
The predecessor of the Manchu people was jurchens, and the predecessor of the Niuhulu clan was the Jurchen clan. The Jin Shi Chinese records that "Nü Xi Lie Yue Lang", which means that Nü Xi Lie translated into Chinese is the surname of Lang. Later, the Niu Hulu clan became niu, lang, niu, liu and other surnames. Speaking of the Hesheli clan, there are many tribes that have changed their Han surnames, including He, He, Gao, Hao, Kang, Ying, etc., and its predecessor is the Jurchen Shi Lieshi clan.
The three surnames of Tong Jia, Guar Jia and Ma Jia sound very similar, but in fact, the origin is different. Speaking of Ma Jia, this surname looks like a completely pure Manchu surname, in fact, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, there were Han Junqi people who deliberately added an extra "Jia" word after the surname of "Ma" when revising the score, so that future generations could not tell whether they were descendants of Jurchens or descendants of the Han people in the Central Plains.
The Ma Jia clan of the Jurchens refers to the place name of the surname. Later, Ma Jiashi directly took the first word of the surname, changed the surname to "Ma", and history turned around and came back. The method of changing tong jia's surname is very similar to that of Ma Jia - Tong, Tong, tong, tong, all take the first word of the surname. The situation of the Guarjia clan is a little different, the star Guan Xiaotong belongs to the Manchu Guan clan, and this branch was formerly the Guarjia clan.
However, "guan" and "melon" also have harmonic places. In addition, most of the Fucha clan changed their surnames to Fu and Fu, most of the Suoqi Luo clan changed their surnames to Suo, and the Nala clan changed their surnames to Na (such as Na Ying), Ye, Nan, Bai, and Yao. These surnames are very common, so when we search for Han surnames, we often find that one of them is "derived from the Manchu surname". But now, the surname is no longer expensive, cheap, we say that a surname is a big surname, usually refers to the number of people in that surname.