15 December is World Enhanced Immunization Day, so please accept this vaccination guideline

Top News Dahe Health News reporter Liang Lulu Wen Wang Ke Figure

World Enhanced Immunization Day is celebrated annually on 15 December, a holiday established by the World Health Organization in 1988 to eradicate polio, and as the disease is gradually brought under control, it is now more a call to public attention to disease prevention and vaccination awareness.

Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases. With the improvement of people's awareness of epidemic prevention, some vaccine varieties with high quality and good preventive effects have become "net reds" in the vaccine industry. What vaccines should children, the elderly, women and other groups of people be vaccinated?

The new coronavirus is a population-wide susceptible vaccine that needs to be received

Zhong Nanshan, a medalist of the Order of the Republic, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a well-known respiratory expert, mentioned at the 2021 Greater Bay Area Science Forum held on December 11 that since the new crown epidemic ravaged the world in early 2020, 256 million people have been infected with the new crown virus worldwide and 5.26 million people have died.

He said that when the new crown vaccine is injected into a certain proportion of the population, the purpose of herd immunity can be achieved. Based on China's current population, 83% of the population will be able to achieve herd immunity.

According to the News of the National Health Commission on December 12, as of December 11, 2021, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have reported a total of 2,602.703 million doses of covid-19 vaccine.

In addition, Zhong Nanshan also stressed the importance of "strengthening the needle". Laboratory data shows that "booster shots" are useful, while real-world data show that after a third dose of boosted immunity, the protection against symptomatic cases increased from 56% to 80%.

Vaccination is tantamount to putting thick armor on your child

After the child is born, it will face the threat of various bacteria and viruses. Babies can get some resistance from their mother's body, but as the child grows older, the resistance gradually disappears. In order to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases, parents must systematically vaccinate their children.

China divides vaccines into two categories: one is provided free of charge by the government to citizens, that is, "immunization program vaccines"; and the second type of vaccines are other vaccines that citizens pay for and know to voluntarily receive.

At present, the first type of vaccine mainly includes hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine, etc.; the second type of vaccine includes oral rotavirus vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, HIB vaccine, influenza vaccine, rabies vaccine and so on.

"Vaccination is equivalent to putting thick armor on the child, so that the child's body develops immunity against the corresponding virus." Li Yonghong, a nurse in charge of the Department of Disease Prevention and Control of Henan Children's Hospital, said.

Li Yonghong reminded that the time of children's vaccination is also very important, early vaccination will affect the immune effect of the vaccine, only the baby's age and development meet certain conditions can be vaccinated.

There should be no delay in vaccination. The recommended vaccination time is more objective and meticulously studied, and vaccination is the most effective at the specific age of the baby. If the baby is sick and cannot be vaccinated, it is best to wait for the child to be well and make up the vaccine in time.

But some vaccines cannot be vaccinated as long as time has passed, such as Haemophilus influenzae and hand-foot-and-mouth vaccine, which cannot be vaccinated by children over the age of five; rotavirus vaccine, which cannot be vaccinated by children over the age of four.

Get the HPV vaccine to keep women away from cervical cancer

The latest global cancer burden data released by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020 shows that in 2020, there will be 600,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 340,000 new deaths from cervical cancer worldwide, ranking fourth in both the number of cases and deaths among female cancers.

Zhou Yanyan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main risk factor for cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine is currently the only vaccine that can effectively prevent cancer.

Since 2016, an HPV vaccine has been listed in mainland China every year. At present, there are three cervical cancer vaccines listed in the mainland - bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent. The "valence" represents the types of viruses that the vaccine can prevent, and the higher the "valence", the more viruses that can be prevented.

Bivalent HPV vaccine is suitable for women aged 9 to 45 years, the vaccine can prevent HPV16 and HPV18 high-risk virus subtypes; quadrivalent HPV vaccine is suitable for women aged 20 to 45 years old, and its prevention range is based on HPV16 and HPV18, adding HPV6 and HPV11 two low-risk subtypes; while the nine-valent HPV vaccine is suitable for women aged 16 to 26 years old, and the scope of prevention is increased on the basis of quadrivalent vaccines

HpV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV58 are five high-risk subtypes of HPV.

She also reminded that there are two peaks of HPV infection in women, one is 17 to 24 years old, and the other is 40 to 44 years old, and women who meet the age conditions should be vaccinated against cervical cancer as soon as possible.

Influenza vaccines build a strong line of defense against the health of the elderly

Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of influenza, and for the elderly, they are more likely to have severe illness or even death after infection with influenza, so they need to be prevented correctly.

Wang Zhiwan, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, told reporters that influenza vaccination is the most economical and effective means to prevent influenza.

She introduced that influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus, which has the characteristics of strong contagiousness and fast transmission speed, mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and can also be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nasal cavity and eyes. The incubation period is 1 to 4 days, and it is contagious from the end of the incubation period to the acute phase of the onset of the disease.

"The main symptoms of influenza are fever, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills, chills, headaches, fatigue, etc., and patients often have cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms, and pneumonia is a common complication." Wang Zhiwan introduced that influenza viruses are resistant to low temperature but not high temperature, and can survive in an environment of -70 ° C for a long time, while they can be inactivated in only 30 minutes at a temperature of 56 ° C. Therefore, autumn and winter are suitable for the proliferation and transmission of influenza viruses, and all people are generally susceptible to influenza viruses, among which the elderly are more harmful after suffering from influenza.

At the same time, she reminded that even the elderly who have been vaccinated against influenza should continue to take protective measures, maintain good personal hygiene, maintain indoor air circulation, and avoid going to crowded places during peak epidemic periods.

"During the influenza epidemic, if the elderly have the above symptoms, they should seek medical treatment in time, reduce contact with others, and try to rest at home." Wang Zhiwan preached.