Why is it said that Tao Yuanming's return to seclusion is a double return to life, and he is the real farmer who writes idyllic poems? | Xu Jingzhou

A friend asked me what I thought of Tao Yuanming, because my QQ screen name is "East Hedge Picking Chrysanthemum". When it comes to Tao Weng, he always has a full stomach to say, he has talked about his works endlessly, and he has written several texts about others and works, but do you really understand the first hermit in ancient and modern times? My annotation to the QQ name is "there are chrysanthemums picking chrysanthemums, no chrysanthemums to see the mountains", there is leisure, there is helplessness, there is detachment, there is responsibility, but my hidden feelings. When I wanted to say that I was still retired, I asked him: Will Tao Yuanming live in the present moment?

Professor Fu Gang of Peking University is a brother of the department of Chinese of Jiangsu Normal University, and gave me the book "History of Poetry in the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties". Because Tao Yuanming's complex is deeply rooted, he single-handedly picked a chapter about Tao Yuanming to read. He wrote Tao Weng with historical pens, rising to the height of aesthetic philosophy, highlighting the landmark value of his literary history Biao Bing, if the candle shines on the tunnel to explore, it needs to be slowly read and then read again: in front of him, Tao Weng has become a statue of a free male god standing for thousands of years. Slowly read two pages, and then insert wei Li's "Poetry of Seeking" about Tao Weng's special chapter, adding to the contrast reading curiosity. There is a picture and a truth, the text is simple and smooth, and more than a dozen pages are read in one go, and there are roughly two things to be said: the circulation of Tao poetry and the search for Tao Weng's cemetery. The magic of cultural essays is that the light boat flies down, which is painful and exciting, but the good scenery cannot be studied in detail, and can only take you to the best place. If you really have a long insight, you still have to slowly read fu Gang's academic monographs that can't be read, that is, the words have a history, and the origin is learning.

The interesting discovery is that Wei Li on Tao Weng introduced Fu Gang's point of view! So the two books have a point of intersection, and they read out the strangeness of the text. Go back and continue to read Fu Gang's book. First read it roughly, give priority to the number of statistics on the words "new" and "Xin" of Tao poetry, gain insight into the soul of Tao poetry, and see a new Tao Weng in the microscopic cut. I have previously read that the responsible editor of the book recorded that at the beginning of this chapter, there was originally a passage of the author's visit to Tao Weng's former residence, which was deleted due to stylistic limitations, but the beginning of this chapter is still written with a very temperament, and the heart of love for Tao is fierce and can be felt.

I have worked in the field for many years, because I always want to transfer back to my hometown to work, and I have more understanding and appreciation for Tao Yuanming's "return to the resignation". In fact, people are on the road, the world is troubled, chaotic, confused with their feelings, always know where to go but do not know where to go. Learn tao weng, get lost for a while, return to the original road, return to the original point, I am still me. Recuperating, re-adjusting, looking at the direction, and then making a hair are the true intentions of Tao Weng who has returned to Xi. There is one less county order in the world, but there is one more poet throughout the ages, who can retreat to advance, and can shrink before it can extend. However, there are few enlightened and many lost. It should be zeroed when it is time to return to zero!

Of course, Tao Yuanming, who returned to the countryside, often "returned with a moon and a lotus hoe", looking very beautiful and happy, in fact, it was very hard and helpless. Walking under the moon is very beautiful, hoeing grass under the moon, how hard and helpless should it be? Du Fu's drizzle lotus hoe standing, obviously coming from Tao poetry, but it is very the surface, but it is actually very happy. When it rains, real farmers either shelter from the rain, or are busy with unfinished work in the rain, will never stand with a hoe and enjoy the rain in the rain. Tao Yuanming's idyllic poems are typical of the ordinary life of peasants and self-portraits, while Du Fu writes about the life of atypical peasants. Therefore, it can be said that Tao Yuanming in the poem is a real farmer, and Du Fu in the poem is a fake farmer.

Tao Yuanming's secluded pastoral life, although very poor, but he is poor and does not change his mind, bitter and happy, his charm lies in the poetry of the toiling and poor peasant life. "Dogs bark in the deep alley, chickens singing mulberry trees upside down" is very picturesque, but if you paint the poetry, there is a difference in virtual and real composition. You can draw the dog barking in the alley and there are mulberry treetops behind the house in the distance without seeing the chicken, you can draw the mulberry tree upside down the chicken and the tree under the house alley does not see the dog, you can draw the tree chicken lane dog in the same painting, you can also draw the tree house cottage vision and the chicken and dog are all missing. A friend looked at my related Weibo and sent me a painting of her, which is the last kind of idea, similar to Qi Baishi painting frog singing ten mile spring. Why? It is the mystery of the aesthetic relationship between poetry and painting! Of course, Tao Gong's beautification of pastoral life is not to beautify the poverty of peasant life and beautify the injustice of the antagonism between rich and poor in society; he wants to use the beautification of the countryside to express his contempt and criticism of the dark officialdom and the snobbish real society.

I also thought, why is Tao Yuanming's "dogs barking in deep alleys, chickens singing mulberry trees upside down" that most wins my heart and loves them? In a word: picturesque! Words are clear as words, and you can understand what is written at a glance: what a familiar scene of life! Picturesque is a vivid and picturesque image, as in front of the eyes, and as in the painting! The joy of resonance, the beauty of excitement, tao weng's leisurely and natural feelings of time and space, and can iron the feelings of the present me, what a god, great, great beauty!

The same is the most beautiful pastoral poem, all of which are written pastoral pleasures, Tao Yuanming is poor happiness, is self-happiness, and there is bitterness and unevenness in happiness. And the Southern Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli, who took "Teaching Law Nature" as the creative standard, was idle music, it was his music, and the simplicity of music was also superficial. Therefore, Tao poetry is the poetry of the true hermit, which has deep connotations and is a sexual spiritual text. Yang Shi is the poetry of a true idler, with shallow connotations, a temperament text, and of course, the image in his poems is also a false farmer.

The famous Tang Dynasty pastoral poet Wang Wei's "Empty Mountains Don't See People, But Hear People's Voices", and Tao Yuanming's "Knotted in the Human Realm, and No Cars and Horses Noisy" and read it more interestingly. Tao Yuanming's hearing without hearing, hearing without listening, and Wang Wei's blindness, seeing without seeing, are really lonely, really reclusive, and really comfortable. However, compared with the two, Tao Yuanming's poems have more miraculous effects of departing meditation, refreshing the eyes and ears, and purifying the soul. Because most people live in the "human realm" of "car and horse noise", and can keep deaf in the noise of human voices, this is the true meditation of the true hermit.

Once with the Internet literary and historical li Meng "face to face chat" - eating noodles and face to face one by one, foreign netizens often asked him, the official publication of five best-selling books of Internet celebrities, should be local cultural celebrities, what social position. Ah Meng replied proudly: There is nothing but freedom. I said that you are called a social vegetarian, but also a social master, out of the mud and not stained, there is no worldly entanglement, in order to enjoy yourself, fully realize the value of life. Li Meng asked rhetorically: You are also a social amateur now, right? Thinking about this, in this small town, I am actually more socially reclusive than him: not only have I completely retired from my post, but I have also had a large number of large and small social positions, all of which have been completely retired, and even the hukou has been moved away! It's so vegetarian! In the few years when I unconsciously became a social amateur, I was willing to read and write and travel, mostly cultivated in cyberspace, and the secular disputes in various circles in the small city were far away from me. It's nice to be a social jerk! Freedom is the life of Tao Yuanming, whom I admire most!

Retirees should read more Tao Yuanming's poems. Tao Weng did not resign his official position for five buckets of rice and returned to the garden and live in the countryside, enjoying a retirement life, ordinary people can not learn, what can be learned is his kind of idyllic and innocent state of mind and state of mind after retirement. Returning to the garden is the authenticity of human nature, the greatest realm, very beautiful!

After I retired, I slept until I woke up naturally, and I was as happy as a pig. I also want to learn Tao Weng pastoral music, drink and appreciate chrysanthemums, read well without seeking much understanding, and hide from the crops. Like to imitate, so Taobao planted vegetable pots and vegetable seeds, planted micro-fields, and became a micro-farmer, it is precisely "the pot soil will not return". I call this "imitation". I grow vegetables on the large balcony on the third floor of my house. Moving from the first floor to the third floor, planting five plastic baskets of various types of vegetables, excited to take a nap, like the Zhiqing labor model Xiao Xu. Evening walking, such as Tao Yuanming, who returned from Dai Yuehe Hoe, learned him to read without seeking much understanding, opened a book, and soon, he exhaled a pillow of dreams and yellow sorghum, and woke up not knowing that the East was white. The liking for the harvest should be instinctive, and it is also the simplest form of creating the joy of life, and knowing this, it seems to be one step closer to Tao Weng's spiritual world.

I often dreamed of the old house where I grew up and lived for nearly twenty years, and I always felt that the three old houses were still there, and there were all kinds of treasures that I had collected when I was a teenager. The lingering nostalgia complex, associated with the two idioms of ye luogui and rejuvenation, is the most typical embodiment of Chinese homesickness and nostalgia complex, is the conversion of both physical and spiritual levels, that is a person's real spiritual home, right? And this is not self-help tao Yuanming's spiritual pursuit of abandoning his official position and living in seclusion in the countryside?