Dutou Ancient City Ruins is located in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Linwu County, Fenshi Town, Dutou Village, on the south bank of the Wushui River, in 2021 approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (Kao Zhi Zi (2021) No. 191), the Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology organized an archaeological team to carry out active archaeological excavations of the Dutou Ancient City site, and has excavated 6 Han to Tang Dynasty tombs in two tomb groups of Dutou Sanxing And Zhoujiaping, including 4 Han Dynasty tombs, 1 Jin Dynasty tomb, and 1 Tang Dynasty tomb. The excavations are briefly described as follows:
1. Han Dynasty tombs
(1) Tomb shape system
There are 4 in total, including 2 earthen pit tombs and 2 brick chamber tombs. The earth pit tombs are divided into rectangular vertical pit earth pit tombs and knife-shaped vertical pit earth pit tombs with slope tombs, which have been seriously disturbed, and the burial goods in the tombs basically do not exist.
The two brick chamber tombs are numbered three-star lunar M1 and M2, the two tombs are relatively close to each other, and the exploration method was used during excavation (Figure 1), and the M1 seal mound was dissected (Figure 2).
The shape of the M1 and M2 tombs is basically the same, and the plane is in the shape of a "medium" shape, which is composed of a tomb passage, a closed door, an front room, a back room and a drainage ditch. The M2 drainage ditch is located on the side of the tomb, a structure that is relatively rare in this area. Most of the tomb bricks are green bricks, and there are a small number of red bricks, and the firing temperature is low, and the diamond check pattern is more common.
Figure 1 Dutou Samsung catches the moon M1 and M2
Fig. 2 The explorer excavated and dissected the M1 sealed mound
(2) Excavated relics
A total of 47 pieces (groups), including pottery, bronze, silverware, charms and so on. Pottery has spinning wheels, pots, pots, stoves, warehouses, houses, utensil covers, etc.; bronze ware has mirrors, copper coins, copper mirror rust are more serious, copper coins are five baht coins; silverware has bracelets, rings (Figure 3 ~ Figure 9).
Figure 3 Artifacts unearthed by Samsung moon-catching M2
Figure 4 Clay pots unearthed by Samsung on the moon M1
Figure 5 Clay pots unearthed by Samsung on the moon M1
Figure 6 Samsung lunar M1 unearthed copper mirrors and copper coins
Figure 7 Samsung moon M2 unearthed pottery warehouse
Figure 8 Samsung lunar M2 unearthed pottery cover
Figure 9 Samsung moon M2 unearthed pottery stove
According to the tomb shape system and the characteristics of the excavated artifacts, it is speculated that M1 and M2 are tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2. Tombs of the Jin Dynasty
1, numbered Zhoujiaping M1, is a brick chamber tomb of the slope tomb road, the plane is in the shape of a "convex" glyph, composed of a tomb passage, a closed door, a front chamber, and a rear chamber (Figure 10). The tomb passage and the top of the burial chamber have been destroyed, and there is a groove in the front chamber, one layer of brick below the bottom of the tomb, and most of the burial utensils are placed here.
Figure 10 Zhou Jiaping M1
A total of 16 pieces (groups), excavated clay pots, clay pots, clay bowls, pottery bowls, celadon pots, silver hairpins, copper coins, etc. (Figure 11 ~ Figure 13).
Figure 11 Clay pots unearthed in Zhoujiaping M1
Figure 12 Clay pots unearthed in Zhoujiaping M1
Figure 13 Zhoujiaping M1 unearthed silver hairpins
According to the shape of the tomb and the characteristics of the excavated artifacts, it is speculated that the tomb age is the Western Jin Dynasty.
3. Tang Dynasty tombs
1, numbered Samsung Moon Rush M3, is a vertical pit tomb. The tomb is buried in the south of the Samsung Moon Moon M1 seal mound, the tomb was seriously damaged by the late theft hole, the western half has no existence, the length of the remnants is 60 cm, the width is 100 cm, the bottom of the existing burial chamber is seen with a large bluestone cushion, and the burial utensils are placed on it.
There are 3 remaining pieces, including celadon bowls, celadon plates, and celadon cups (Fig. 14).
According to the excavated relics, it is preliminarily believed that the tomb is dated to the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
Figure 14 Artifacts unearthed by Samsung Lunar M3
Fourth, preliminary understanding
1. The tombs excavated this time are small in scale and low in rank, and should all belong to civilian tombs. The burial utensils and human bones in the tomb have decayed and disappeared, but judging from the pottery spinning wheels and silver rings, silver bracelets, ear bells and other jewelry excavated from the two tombs of Samsung Moon Catching M2 and Zhoujiaping M2, the owners of these two tombs should be women.
2. Although the tombs have been disturbed or destroyed to varying degrees, a number of more typical artifacts from the Han and Tang Dynasties have been excavated, which provides new archaeological data for understanding the relationship between the tombs around the ruins of Dutou Ancient City and the ancient city.
(Photo and text transferred from: Hunan Archaeological Network)